French Revolution Dbq

from around 1780 to 1890, a remarkable change occurred in human affairs as slavery, widely practiced and little condemned since the beginning of civilization, lost its legitimacy and was largely ended. Enlightenment thinkers in eighteenth-century Europe had become increasingly critical of slavery as a violation of the natural rights of every person, and the public pronouncements of the American and French revolutions about liberty and equality focused attention on this obvious violation of those principles. To this secular anti slavery thinking was added and increasingly vociferous religious voice, expressed first by Quakers and the Protestant evangelicals in Britain and the United States. The actions of slaves themselves likewise hastened

the end of slavery.
14. When did Britain forbid the sale of slaves and then emancipated the remaining ones? List the other world locations and dates that followed suit. P.794 In 1807, Britain banned the sales of slaves within its empire and in 1834 emancipated those who remained enslaved. Over the next half century, other nations followed suit, responding to growing international pressure, particularly from Britain, then the world’s leading economic and military powers, British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic intercepting illegal slave ships, and freed their human cargoes in a small West African settlement called Freetown, in present-day Sierra Leone. Following their independence, most Latin American countries abolished slavery by the 1850’s. Brazil, in 1888, was the last to do so, bringing more than four centuries of Atlantic slavery to an end.
15.

Nations and Nationalism: Atlantic revolutions also gave a recent kind of human community-the nation. a. Finish the sentence: The French Revolution declared that sovereignty lay with… b. Napoleon’s conquests likewise stimulated national resistance in many parts of Europe. Outline how this led to the formation of nations, beginning at the bottom of page 796 to the bottom of p.798 The French Revolution declared that sovereignty lay with “the people,” and its leaders mod=bilized this people to defend the “French nation” against its many external enemies. Napoleon’s conquest likewise stimulated national resistance in many parts of Europe. Europe’s modern transformation also facilitated nationalism, even as older identities and loyalties eroded. Whatever its precise origins, nationalism proved to be an infinitely flexible and enormously powerful idea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world and beyond. It inspired the political unification and encouraged countries to become independent and seek stability for their

people.
16. Nationalism took on a variety of political ideologies. Relate this to France, the United States, and Germany. P.799 As it became more prominent in the nineteenth century, nationalism took on a variety of political ideologies. Some supporters of liberal democracy and representative government, as in France or the United States, saw nationalism, with its emphasis on “the people,” as an aid to their aspirations toward wider involvement in political life. Often called “civic nationalism,” such a view identified the nation with a particular territory and maintained that people of various cultural backgrounds could assimilate into the dominant culture, as in the process of “becoming American.” Other versions of nationalism, in Germany for example, sometimes defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share a common ancestry, such as Jews.17 Feminist Beginnings: A third echo of the Atlantic Revolutions lay in the Feminist movement. On page 801 second and third paragraphs list the things Women did as part of this movement. Describe them. From the beginning, feminism was a transatlantic movement in which European and American women attended the same conferences, corresponded regularly, and read one another’s work. Access to schools, universities, and the professions were among their major concerns as growing numbers of women sought these previously unavailable opportunities. The more radical among them refused to take their husband's’ surname or wore trousers under their skirts. By the 1870s, feminist movements in the West were focusing primarily on the issue of suffrage and were gaining a growing constituency. Now many ordinary middle-class housewives and working-class mothers joined their better-educated sisters in the movement. By 1914, some 100,000 women took part in French feminist organizations, while the National American Woman SUffrage Association claimed 2 million members. Most operated through peaceful protest and persuasion, but the British Women’s Social and Political Union organized a campaign of violence that included blowing up railroad stations, slashing works of art, and smashing department store windows.
18.

The above movement had some effect. What advantages did women gain by 1900? p.801 By 1900, upper-and middle-class women had gained entrance to universities, though in small numbers, and women’s literacy rates were growing steadily. In the United States, a number of states passed legislation allowing women to manage and control their own property and wages, separate from their husbands. Divorce laws were liberalized in some places. Professions such as medicine opened to a few, and teaching beckoned to many

more.
19. Document 17.4 Rights and Slavery; Frederick Douglass “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? 1852: on page 813 he answers his own question of “What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? What was it? To the American slaves, the 4th of July is a day that reveals to them, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which they are constant victims of. To them, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass-fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to them, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour