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Discussion of surrogacy
Discussion about surrogacy
Discussion about surrogacy
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A Heated Issue Frozen in Time: The Controversaries within the Freezing of Gametes and Embryos
Could you imagine freezing your eggs or sperm and a century after your death you are still mothering or fathering children? How about creating embryos and then freezing them until you are ready to have children? In today’s society, the freezing of gametes and embryos brings up several ethical and personal issue that are very controversial to people.
Ever since the day scientists and doctors discovered infertility existed they have been trying to find cures, or new methods, to work around this disability. The freezing of gametes and embryos just happens to be the new cure people are turning to. Sometimes couples’ egg and sperm won’t mesh together. The couple then turns to in-vitro fertilization and creates about 10 embryos. 3 out of the 10 embryos are inserted back into the woman’s uterus hoping that at least one would take. Now the question is what happens to the 7 embryos that are left? This is when couples usually turn to the freezing method. Before the freezing method existed the doctors would just create about 5 embryos and insert all of them into the uterus, which usually resulted in multiple births. If none of the embryos took the couple would spend around another $10,000 to do the process all over again. Once the freezing method came into play couples then froze the extra embryos for later use instead of doing the process of making the embryos again.
The freezing of eggs, sperm, and embryos tends to bring up a huge controversy among people. There are two different sides to this issue. There are the people who think that freezing gametes or embryos is unnatural and unethical while the other side begs to differ. The other side views the freezing method as a huge milestone in reproductive technology and should be taken advantage of generously.
As of right now, the freezing process is open to anyone that can afford it. The people who are against the freezing of gametes and embryos not only want limitations set on reproductive technology in general but they wish to get rid of the whole idea of the freezing method. They feel as though the freezing method is mostly used for a delaying purpose instead of its main intention, which was to help the infertile at a lower cost. An example of the delay situation that they are talking about is a woman who is 30, successful in her career, but hasn’t found Mr.
The Web. The Web. 15 Apr. 2013. The. Waskey, Andrew J. -. “Moral Status of Embryos.”
The strong principle is this “if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought morally to do it” (136). Singer’s point with this principle is that we are obliged to limit moral wrong, as in this case from famine, in anyway not morally wrong until that point at which by giving any more we cause as much suffering to ourselves as the amount of suffering we relieve. This principle, Singer thinks, is almost as uncontroversial as his assumption, of that I would say I disagree because, as I will show it doesn’t take into account the right to your
Singer presents his argument specifically in terms of famine relief and, although it has broader applicability, the discussion mostly falls under this specific topic. Thus, he conforms his argument around aspects relevant to famine and/or poverty when laying out his three core premises.
In his article, the author Peter Singer presents valid points within his work in a way that provokes one to question their morals and ethics. He rationalizes the gift of donation in an unconventional but motivating manor. The purpose of “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” is to encourage people to reevaluate his or her ability to contribute to the underprivileged people of the world. Singer is addressing this article to any person with the ability to donate. The author makes it clear that nearly everyone has the ability to make a difference is others lives. Additionally, in “The Singer Solution to World Poverty”, the author explain that we have a duty to give, but he is not stating whether it is a duty of justice in Narveson’s sense. He is not stating if would be morally correct for anyone to force us or impose to us to give to the needy. This author is trying to persuade or convince people to give voluntarily. The author is not enforcing to do something, this is contrary to Narveson’s position “enforced fee”. “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” addresses the urgency for a more generous world. Peter Singer presents valid points within his work in a way that provokes one to question their morals and ethics. He rationalizes the gift of donation in an unconventional but motivating manor. The main purpose of “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” is to
With the increased rate of integrating In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), there has been a steep inclination within the associated needs of specifications. Observably, the development of babies using scientific measures was initially formulated and specified for developing the diverse range of development associated with the same (Turriziani, 2014). However, these developments are noted to be creating an adverse impact on the natural course of events and subsequently, resulting with an adverse impact on the natural process of the development of babies. The initial integrations within the system of IVF for developing babies have further been initiated with the effective use of science to develop a healthy baby. Hence, the use of such progressions can be argued as not hampering the ethical needs associated with the same. Conversely, the initial progression within the same and the changes in the use of such practices are identified as unethical, as it has been acting as a threat in the natural course of development of embryos and altering the natural course of events, suspected to be imposing significant influence on infant mortality (Turriziani,
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
I feel this time zone makes me doubt my abilities and sets me back. According to Philip Zimbardo we can change our time perspective and become a better person as a whole. In the book, “Time Paradox”, Philip Zimabrdo gives us tips on how we can change. One of the things he mentions is transforming your negative time perspective to see the positive side in every negative situation; furthermore, exchange those harmful deep-rooted events for something positive that happened to you in recent time. Other points Zimbardo gives on how you can stop living in the past is saying no to temptations, abstaining from alcohol, practicing relaxation methods, creating stability in your life, and working towards long term goals. The main goal is to have a balanced time perspective that will improve your life. Some ways that these tips can help me is in my everyday relationship with my
While many support embryonic stem cell research, some people oppose it say that it is an unethical practice. According to these people, embryonic stem cells require murdering a baby, human life is defined by rational beings, those capable of rational thought or a consciousness. In order to be rational one must have a consciousness, the ability to have thoughts and feel pain, to begin with. “For a fertilized egg, there is no consciousness and also no history of consciousness” (Stem). If abortions are allowed within the United States, why shouldn’t embryonic stem cell research be? Another claim against embryonic stem cell research is that it devalues human lives. “Some argue that researching embryonic stem cells will lead us into cloning technology” (Embryonic). While embryonic cloning is a possibility, we already possess the capabilities to clone so cloning is an invalid argument. The final argument against embryonic stem cell research is that there are alternatives, like adult stem cells. While adult stem cells may be utilized, they won’t be as effective. Embryonic stem cells are not only efficient but also renewable. They can be grown in a culture where as adult stem cells are extremely rare, if there are any. They can only be found in mature tissue. Isolating these extremely rare cells is challenging and has a high failure rate if not harvested correctly. “One major difference between adult and embryonic stem cells is their different abilities in the number and type of differentiated cell types they can become” (Stem). Using adult stem cells we might never understand our development from conception ...
Religion is an institution that can provide stability for societies through various religious concepts, and is substantial for the support of social cohesion and order. Many functionalist theories of religion, for example, claim that religion functions in such a way as to integrate societies (McCauley, 1984). There are many types of religion that people practice world-wide such as Christianity, Catholi...
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help those who want children but struggle with infertility. The process consists of extracting eggs from a woman and collecting a man’s sperm sample then manually combining them in a lab dish. Once the embryo(s) are created they are transferred to a woman’s uterus. IVF is commonly used in woman who cannot conceive on their own due to different reasonings. “These include but are not limited to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, woman with ovulation disorders, genetic disorders, woman who have had their fallopian tubes removed and unexplained infertility.” (American Pregnancy)
In response to the recent failure of the international community to prevent the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, “We need to provide help now. But we cannot forget that these children are wasting away in a disaster that we could - and should - have prevented” she added, “The UN estimates that every $1 spent in prevention saves $7 in emergency spending.” (Dvorak, 2011).
Some sociologists claim that what changes primarily is the social system and religious change is an effect of the change in the former. It is not religion but, to a larger extent, the economy that is supposed to legitimize reality. From this perspective it is the social system that changes and this change in relation to religion means secularization, which generally speaking means the diminishing impact of religion on social life at various levels, degrees and intensities. Theories such as Luckmann’s privatization thesis or Hervieu-Le´ger’s emotional theory of religion may be categorized as giving priority to changes within the individual. The fundamental thought is that in contemporary society it is primarily the individual who changes. It is the individual that seeks direct contact with the sacral sphere, is driven by emotion, feeling, a personal and individualized need. The third current of theoretical solutions to the question of what predominates in modern and post-modern changes is the one that points to religion itself as the sphere of these changes. It is neither the society nor the individual, but rather religion that is pushed to the forefront of the phenomenon. Religion in confrontation with modernity takes on new forms which function well in the modern
The relevance between the child drowning and extreme poverty would seem accurate, but becomes unconvincing when he claims distance should not make a difference as a person is more likely to assist someone closer rather than far away. In favor of the objections towards Singer’s argument, it is only plausible to be obligated to assist if you knew the cause and assisted to the extent of a permanent solution to the situation like you would in Singer’s example if you saved the child from drowning. After reading Garritt Hardin’s objection, it allowed me to have a clearer understanding of the restrictions in Singer’s argument that lead me to remain unconvinced and with the same beliefs as I previously did before this class. Therefore, I can conclude that Peter Singer’s analogy is too restricted and I do not believe that we are obligated to assist rather it is a moral
Researchers and officials say that about 400 000 frozen embryos are stored at several U.S. fertility clinics with the vast majority await removal because couples that have produced these embryos do not want to raise them and also don’t want another person(s) to raise their biological child.
Because of how the cells are acquired, they cross lines with the issue over abortion, in vitro fertilization, and whether or not an embryo is considered a “human” and if it should be held to the same morals. The stake over the issue of stem cells revolves around the human life itself. Proponents of stem cells say that until an embryo has not been embedded into the uterus, it does not have a human status and therefore could be used to treat patient who already are persons. They also propose to obtain cells through IVF as opposed to abortion because abortion is attributed to a deliberate act of killing human life while the fo...