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There is great debate on Frederick Jackson Turners thesis on whether or not the great west is where American character was formed. The West was more a form of society than an actual area. The term is applied to the region in which the social conditions resulted from the application of older set colonies. By this application a new environment was entered. A new environment of freedom and of opportunity was opened and a new line of activities, ideas, customs, and growth were brought into existence in the Great west. Their opportunistic, individualistic, and willingness to accept innovations are of reasons I agree with Turners analysis that true American character was formed in the great west. Being stripped from industrialization and modes of travel to being arrayed in "the hunting shirt and moccasins"(Turner, 167) and "put into …show more content…
Because coming to the West meant new opportunities for these people, it meant picking up everything they could take and moving. What this was, was continual rebirth that Americans had to deal with. With continuing to rebirth, a person becomes different as in there is a sense of finding themselves a sense of individualism. In other words a sense of what is now American character. "Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American." (Turner, 166 ) Turner writes "In the crucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated and fused into a mixed race." The west being a unique place as Turner states, it also has its own national identity and is not sectional but rather it is like a melting pot where these immigrants were "Americanized". This is shown in Frank Marryat's primary source of drawing in "A San Francisco Saloon" (Marryat, 182) in which it shows the diversity of the West. Depicted in Marryat's drawing are Chinese, Spanish, and white male gold miners, as well as some dressed in top hats in a gambling
In Frederick Jackson Turner’s essay, he talked about how he thought the West was where true American character was formed and that the West was the birthplace of democracy. However, in my perspective I don’t only feel that Turner was inaccurate in his analysis, but also very racist and selfish. I believe that Turner wanted to justify why taking over the West would be so necessary and beneficial to Americans. He stated several things in his essay that were obviously undermined by many primary sources in Hollitz’s book. At the time Americans took on the ideology of Manifest Destiny, which basically was the belief that Americans were destined to expand from coast to coast in North America despite the fact that there was people already occupying land on
This historical document, The Frontier as a Place of Conquest and Conflict, focuses on the 19th Century in which a large portion of society faced discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and religion. Its author, Patricia N. Limerick, describes the differences seen between the group of Anglo Americans and the minority groups of Native Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics Americans and African Americans. It is noted that through this document, Limerick exposes us to the laws and restrictions imposed in addition to the men and women who endured and fought against the oppression in many different ways. Overall, the author, Limerick, exposes the readers to the effects that the growth and over flow of people from the Eastern on to the Western states
In week three, our professor a question in regards to Turner’s thesis asked a question of me. The question that was posed to me was this, “which groups did he (Turner) exclude and why should they be included if we are to provide a balanced accounting”? After going back and reading the thesis again to make sure I had not miss anything, I still felt that Turner was very biased in his thinking. I gave my honest feedback on who I felt was left out of the thesis and was going to leave it at that, however I thought, before I submit let me see what other historians are saying about this thesis and Turner in the field of history. Well, was a I surprised when I was informed this was a leading paper in on the American West. However, I still could
...to Americans: if their prospects in the East were poor, then they could perhaps start over in the West as a farmer, rancher, or even miner. The frontier was also romanticized not only for its various opportunities but also for its greatly diverse landscape, seen in the work of different art schools, like the “Rocky Mountain School” and Hudson River School, and the literature of the Transcendentalists or those celebrating the cowboy. However, for all of this economic possibility and artistic growth, there was political turmoil that arose with the question of slavery in the West as seen with the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act. As Frederick Jackson Turner wrote in his paper “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” to the American Historical Association, “the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.”
The Turner Thesis in the Modern United States Despite being written over one hundred years ago, Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis is still valid to this very day. Turner developed his Frontier Thesis as a means to determine where distinctly American characteristics developed. Turner stated that it was the Western settlers who developed a unique identity as they adapted and tamed the Frontier. Consequently, Turner saw this process as an evolution of a distinctly American culture – people who were not afraid to venture westward in order to exploit resources. As these people relocated westward in search of resources, more settlements developed in the West.
While the US may have prided themselves in the fact that we didn’t practice imperialism or colonialism, and we weren’t an Empire country, the actions conquering land in our own country may seem to rebuff that claim. In the 19th century, the West was a synonym for the frontier, or edge of current settlement. Early on this was anything west of just about Mississippi, but beyond that is where the Indian tribes had been pushed to live, and promised land in Oklahoma after policies like Indian removal, and events like the Trail of Tears. Indian’s brief feeling of security and this promise were shattered when American’s believed it was their god given right, their Manifest Destiny, to conquer the West; they began to settle the land, and relatively quickly. And with this move, cam...
Miller makes clear the impact of wilderness on early American life. While the Old World mentality presented wilderness as mysterious and filled with demons, the new American nation viewed it differently. Rather than possessing a sense of fear, their belief in the divine mission to spread democracy and civilization inspired them to journey west. Accordingly, they did so with a sense of excitement and a thirst for discovery. As such, I wholeheartedly agree with Miller’s view that the early romantic images of the American landscape were expressions of a new cultural nationalism. According to Miller, these early countrymen viewed the new nation as “...a place apart, an unpeopled wilderness where history, born in nature rather than in corrupt institutions,
This is because many considered the winning of the West a glorious achievement and a major step forward for American society. Early movies and television shows in the 1940s/50s tended to demonize the Native Americans in order to justify the events of Westward expansionism. However, in recent decades most historians have rejected this perspective and stripped the historical event of its romance, instead going on to unearth the casualties and environmental costs of American expansion, particularly in the case of the Native Americans. For example, historian Stephen Aron focuses on the stripping the American West of its myths on issues such as the people involved and the environment in ‘The American West: A Very Short Introduction’. There were several reasons behind the Indians failure to resist American expansion, most significantly their poor economic standing, weak politics, minor socialisation and declining
...or wider opportunities. Even the safety valve theory has an element of truth when applied to ambitious young men of the professional class who had a better chance of making it big much quicker in the West than in the East. Without the open frontier, moreover, there would have been a much larger migration of young people from the farms to the cities; thus the frontier helped indirectly to check the exploitation of the working class by preventing it from expanding too rapidly. The Westward Expansion also weakened state and regional loyalties and promoted national unity due to its inherent mobility. Most westerners thought of themselves primarily as Americans, and wanted strong national government with broad powers for developing transportation and promoting the general welfare. The most significant feature of the Westward Expansion was that the pioneers took with them the essential institutions of their civilization. Thus we must look upon the Westward Expansion as one of the factors in the shaping of the American civilization but not the only one. AKSHARA PRADHAN Roll No. 385 Tute. Grp.- Tuesday, 1st Pd.
Over the years, the idea of the western frontier of American history has been unjustly and falsely romanticized by the movie, novel, and television industries. People now believe the west to have been populated by gun-slinging cowboys wearing ten gallon hats who rode off on capricious, idealistic adventures. Not only is this perception of the west far from the truth, but no mention of the atrocities of Indian massacre, avarice, and ill-advised, often deceptive, government programs is even present in the average citizen’s understanding of the frontier. This misunderstanding of the west is epitomized by the statement, “Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis was as real as the myth of the west. The development of the west was, in fact, A Century of Dishonor.” The frontier thesis, which Turner proposed in 1893 at the World’s Columbian Exposition, viewed the frontier as the sole preserver of the American psyche of democracy and republicanism by compelling Americans to conquer and to settle new areas. This thesis gives a somewhat quixotic explanation of expansion, as opposed to Helen Hunt Jackson’s book, A Century of Dishonor, which truly portrays the settlement of the west as a pattern of cruelty and conceit. Thus, the frontier thesis, offered first in The Significance of the Frontier in American History, is, in fact, false, like the myth of the west. Many historians, however, have attempted to debunk the mythology of the west. Specifically, these historians have refuted the common beliefs that cattle ranging was accepted as legal by the government, that the said business was profitable, that cattle herders were completely independent from any outside influence, and that anyone could become a cattle herder.
The Western portion of the United States includes thirteen states that are home to around 80,000,000 Americans, yet it remains one of the most sparsely settled regions in the country (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). In a sense, the American West is the closest thing left to a “frontier” in the modernized United States. One can travel to Montana and become immersed in a world not dissimilar to that of their forefathers, just as easily as one could travel to California, widely considered to be the epicenter of growth and modernization in the States. With Silicon Valley and Yellowstone all in one region, there is a unique sense of space presented within the West that is unattainable from the American North, East, or South. For instance, a trip to New York City may be fairly comparable to a trip to Pittsburgh, but a trip to San Francisco as opposed to Rapid City provides an entirely different cultural experience. If the West was just a replica of the American East, Kerouac’s On the Road would have never come to be. The wide disparity among spaces in the New West is a main reason behind the effectiveness of Coupland’s Generation X. Without the spaces of the American West the comedic genius of Portlandia would be nonexistent!
The westward expansion was the starting point for the growing America. There are many reasons to believe why westward expansion was a good idea, and there are also many reasons to believe why it wasn’t a good idea. The texts “There is No True History of the Westward Expansion,” by Robert Morgan, “The Way to Rainy Mountain,” by N. Scott Momaday, “Thomas Jefferson’s America, 1801,” and Reporting to the President, September 23- December 31, 1806” by Stephen Ambrose and “Chief Joseph Speaks…” by Chief Joseph show different point of views and opinions on westward expansion. The central ideas made from Morgan are “The westward expansion wasn’t caused by heroes nor villains,’ and “The average American people were responsible for the rapid expansion across the country,” From the text “There is No True History of the Westward Expansion.”
Patricia Nelson Limerick describes the frontier as being a place of where racial tension predominately exists. In her essay, “The Frontier as a Place of Ethnic and Religion Conflict,” Limerick says that the frontier wasn’t the place where everyone got to escape from their problems from previous locations before; instead she suggested that it was the place in which we all met. The frontier gave many the opportunities to find a better life from all over the world. But because this chance for a new life attracted millions of people from different countries across the seas, the United States experienced an influx of immigrants. Since the east was already preoccupied by settlers, the west was available to new settlement and that was where many people went. Once in the western frontier, it was no longer just about blacks and whites. Racial tension rose and many different races and ethnic groups soon experienced discrimination and violence based on their race, and beliefs instead of a since of freedom at the western frontier.
Analysing The West: Unique, Not Universal. Throughout history, Western civilization has been an emerging force behind change in foreign societies. This is the concept that is discussed in the article, the West Unique, Not Universal, written by Samuel Huntington. The author makes a very clear thesis statement and uses a variety of evidence to support it. This article has a very convincing point.
Lynn Hunt et al., The Making of the West: peoples and cultures, a Concise History (Boston:Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003), 43, 45, 132, 136, 179-180