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Essays on forced migration
Essays on forced migration
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In the per-modern era, human migration was a well-known occurrence that was caused by either force or willingness of the people. When migration was constituted through force, it was understood to be through political or economical duress. For instance, political measures unveiling large tax reforms created unbearable cost of living standards for the poor to survive. Whereas, increased economic labour created through force, was established for the rich to reap the benefits from majority of the poor. In essence, this widened the gap of economic dualism by forcing majority of the lower class people into living standards well below the poverty levels. Evidently, this would cause cultures to revolt on their kings through revolutionary measures or migrations of some or all of the people by force of other aggressive nations. On the other hand, when migration was done by the willingness of the people, it was in search of new trade, commodities, or expansion for their empire. After researching the Hebrew, Han, and Germania cultures, there are great comparisons to how they each had to migrate by force of political and economic duress which lead to them being conquered. Starting with the Hebrew culture, King David was a military leader who united twelve tribes under one political unity. Through this unity he developed a capital in Jerusalem where he dedicated most of his ruling to. It was not until his son, Solomon, who took the reins after his father’s death in 960 B.C.E., changed the Hebrew culture and ultimately dividing a nation into two states after his death. This was the beginning of the Hebrew’s migration throughout the western world. With the wealth inherited by his predecessor, Solomon decided to start expanding Jerusalem... ... middle of paper ... ...ountries being overthrown or conquered in the end. It goes without showing, history is deemed to repeat itself. Works Cited Ardito, Fabrizio, Cristina Gambaro and Massimo A Torrefranca. "Jerusalem and the Holy Land." Ardito, Fabrizio, Cristina Gambaro and Massimo A Torrefranca. Jerusalem and the Holy Land. Penguin Group, n.d. 42. Asali, K J. "Jerusalem In History." Asali, K J. Jerusalem In History. Broklyn: Olive Branch Press, n.d. 53. Esler, Anthony. "The Human Venture." Esler, Anthony. The Human Venture. New Jersey: Pearson Educaton, n.d. 166. Hansen, Valerie and Kenneth R Curtis. "Voyages in World History, Volume 1." Hansen, Valerie and Kenneth R Curtis. Voyages in World History, Volume 1. Boston: Cengage Learning, n.d. 201. Totally History. Totally History Past, Present, and Future. 26 October 2011 .
Foss explains, “What Urban needed was an enterprise, clearly virtuous in serving the ends of Christiandome… in these moments of reflection, the popes mind turned towards Jerusalem.” Urban II reflects back on the first taking of the Holy City after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in 1071, and begins to question what his people know about the Turkish race and really the ideology of Islamic thought. Foss goes on to examine the ignorance of westerners and needed to be “reminded [by the pope] of the infamous heathens, their cruelty and hatred of Christians,” hoping this would justify the first Holy Crusade. However, Foss identifies the creativity of the Pope’s language to persuade the knights and army of the people to embark on the Holy Crusade based on the Muslims cruel actions turned onto their fellow Christians. Claiming the Muslims “Killed captives by torture…poor captives were whipped…and others were bound to the post and used as a target for arrows.” Foss examines the Popes words as an effective effort of persuasion in creating an army of crusaders to help clean “…Holy places, which are now treated with ignominy and polluted with Filthiness” and any sacrifice in Jerusalem is a “promise of a spiritual reward… and death for
Perhaps the most famous example of history repeating itself is Hitler 's disastrous campaign in Russia. This event closely mirrored Napoleon 's failure on the same Eastern front in many ways. The most obvious is the fact that the Russians used almost the exact same tactics to win both times. They allowed their enemies to march forward into their homeland almost effortlessly, but while they were retreating they also burned and destroyed anything that could be used by their opposition. By the time Napoleon, and later Hitler, realized this, it was too late as the Russian winter had already set in. This led to both Hitler and Napoleon facing devastating losses as their both their armies were carrying mainly light supplies and thus were not prepared
Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomsom Learning, 2001. 374-438.
Main Events in the history of Jerusalem. (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2011, from Century One Educational Bookstore: http://www.centuryone.com/hstjrslm.html
The Christians and Muslims traded it back and forth during The Crusades, and the Jews control it now. The Israeli government still allows Arabs to utilize Jerusalem as a place of worship. Unlike when Jordan controlled this area Jews were forbidden to practice their religion worship on this ground. What is being afforded the Israeli government now, is an opportunity to show the rest of the world that it is truly a gracious government. Jerusalem as a shared space, must be a place for both peoples and religion to come together. This city has been passed from one owner to another throughout history, by forcible means. What if we were to pass this city one more time? Not to one set of people but to another kind of governing body, a blending of both Islam and
Young, Darrell G. "The Fall of Jerusalem in 70 A. D." Focus on Jerusalem. Dales Design, n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. .
Jerusalem again which led to the Battle of Hattin. Pope Gregory Vlll called for a
The causes of the Great Migration has many reason and different stories for each induvial that part in the migration.
Given the relative lack of primary resources and archeological remains, the events of Ancient Jerusalem are often difficult to study and tend to rely on biblical accounts and what primary sources have been preserved. For this reason there has been much uncertainty and discussion over the rule of Hezekiah. Among the debate over the exact years of his reign (i.e., whether it was from 727 - 698 BC or from 715 - 686 BC), there too exists disagreements as to whether Hezekiah was in fact one of the great Davidic Kings as he is often portrayed in the Bible (Na'aman, 29). Some researchers have argued that since historians, such as Josephus, speak very little of Hezekiah's reign, wisdom, temperance, or courage, then he must not have been one of the Great Judean rulers as his predecessors: David, and Solomon (Feldman, 598-607). However, upon further analysis of the on goings in Jerusalem during the reign of Hezekiah as well as his accomplishments as king, the argument arises that Hezekiah was in fact one of the greatest kings of Judah since the time of Solomon. Furthermore, the accomplishments of Hezekiah prove to be evidence that Hezekiah is viewed as the messianic king of 8th century BC Jerusalem due to his reforms to strengthen Judean religion, his developmental changes to improve the infrastructure of Jerusalem, and through his leadership that allowed Jerusalem to withstand the destruction of the Assyrian siege.
Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahia I. Shabaka. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009.
Ellis, Elizabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History: The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.
The term Judaism came about after the establishment of the state of Israel when the tribes divided into two, the northern and Judas kingdoms, ca 922-587 BCE The customs and belief systems of these nomadic tribes to be later identified as Arab tribes were very similar to the Hebrews'; however, the Arab tribes developed in some subtle ways. They remained nomadic, whereas the Hebrews tended to follow the teachings of the Holy Scriptures to the achievement of The Promised Land. As for the Arab nomadic tribes because of this development, a centralized governing agent who organized the religion did not develop as it did with the Hebrews.
Daniels, Patricia S., Stephen G. Hyslop, and Douglas Brinkley. National Geographic Almanac of World History. 2nd Edition ed. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Migration is an important source of change as it shapes and re-shapes societies, making them more diverse and complex. The decision of relocation of the particular group is reinforced by the consequences for their action in terms of resettlement and rehabilitation. Voluntary resettlement is a development induced displacement in which the willingness of the participants to resettle and the right to refuse displacement based on the rehabilitation package offered by the State government gives it an edge over involuntary resettlement. The current study aims to explore the positive impact of voluntary resettlement on the mental health of the participants. The research objective was qualitatively explored with six participants sampled through purposive
Migration and settlement are two key elements to the evolution of the humankind. They are connected, yet separate because they simultaneously work to evolve the human race while accomplishing different goals. Therefore, the values of both migration and settlement lie in different corners of evolution of humankind. Due to the fact that the value of migration lies in only the physical transfer of people, culture and ideas while the value of settlement lies in the actual assimilation of people, culture, and ideas, settlement bears a slightly larger value in the advancement of humankind.