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Women in the workforce after WWI
Working conditions in the 19th century factories
Working conditions in the 19th century factories
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Forced Labor or Intense Job? You wake up, it is dark. You rush to get to the hot, muggy factory, knowing you will be there for the next fourteen hours. By the time you get your first break you are worn out for the day. You finally make it through the day, it is dark already. You go home, catch a few hours of sleep and do the same thing over again. If reading that made you miserable, you would not survive as a silk factory worker. Most girls were sold, by their parents, to the silk factories to help with the financial situation. These jobs required long, hard workdays for little pay and break time. Even though the conditions were so harsh people wonder, did the cost outweigh the benefits?Although it might seem like it wasn’t that bad, working …show more content…
in a factory was an extremely tasking job. The costs of working in a factory greatly outweighed the benefits, do to harsh working conditions, bad pay, and extreme working hours with little break time. Most of the girls working in these factories were as young as twelve years old, and exposed to very harsh working conditions.
On a normal day they only received 35 minutes of break total, and could work up to 17 hours per day. There was about 61 girls per factory, making the working spaces cramped and hot (Doc A). Due to the miserable conditions and high stress, contracting diseases and sickness was very easy among silk factory workers. In fact, 39% of girls were either released from the job or died due to a work related illness. Also, since there was no electricity at the time, the factory owners needed to use every minute of daylight they could. This meant that the girls were working, on their feet, from dawn to dusk everyday. When surveyed, 40% of the women said that the treatment when sick was poor (Doc F). There is no real way to argue that any of these working conditions sounded the least bit pleasant or worth the little bit of pay received by the …show more content…
women. Imagine working a 17 hour, grueling day of work, just to receive your paycheck and find out that you did not even make enough money to buy a pound of sugar. That is how it was for most silk factory workers. The average daily wage of a female factory worker was 13 sen and a male factory worker made 17 sen (Doc C). To put the wages in perspective, a pair of sandals was 7 sen and, a pound of sugar, 15 sen. The factory workers were not paid enough to afford daily necessities and some were even taken advantage of and paid less than this. Most girls were working to help their parents out at home and to help provide for their family but, how much can less than a pound of sugar help? Yes, after a certain period of time the money will start adding up to a significant amount but, the girl’s lives were risked to make this minimal amount of money. Is your child’s life really less important than a pound of sugar? When you wake up, is the sun rising?
How about when you leave work, is the sun still up? For silk factory girls, they started and ended work in the dark. Most weeks a girl worked an average of 81 hours (Doc B). The individual days were usually 13-14 hours long with two 15 minute breaks for breakfast and lunch. A lot of girls worked a 4am-4-pm day as their normal working hours. Imagine working seventeen hours, getting to go to bed for a few hours and having to wake up and do it all again. Most teenagers thrive on being able to hangout with their friends, and just social interaction in general. Most of the girls in these factories were teens but, all they got to do was work and sleep. That sounds miserable and would greatly affect how a person develops mentally and
socially. Although working in the factories gave girls the opportunity to help their families financially, it was extremely harsh on the girls and could even lead to death. Most girls worked this job from 12 years old to marriage, or longer. This means anywhere from 15 years and up of fourteen hour workdays and extremely low pay, all on top of the harsh and unsafe working conditions. The costs of working in a factory greatly outweighed the benefits, do to harsh working conditions, bad pay, and extreme working hours with little break time.
During the Japanese Industrial Revolution, female workers played a big role in the silk factories, but there were many negatives that came with that. Every factory worker during the Japanese Industrial Revolution had to work hard. Factories hired women and they were treated unfairly. Also the factories were very unsanitary which caused even more trouble for the workers. Female workers in Japanese Silk Factories: Did the costs outweigh the benefits? For the female silk factory workers the costs outweighed the benefits for two reasons. The first reason was that there were long, hard working hours. The second reason was that men got paid a lot more than women did.
Many of us complain about the tough hours we work or the amount of chores we have to complete, but think about the truly harsh conditions that young girls and women had to work in the textile industry with very little pay and no accolades. Back in the 18th century, when the Industrial Revolution struck, it made it hard for female mill workers to enjoy being employed. Due to the terrible working conditions, the amount of hours worked, and the low wages were a few of the similarities that the female mill workers in England and Japan shared.
English textile factories were very bad for the health of the working class families. As Dr. Ward stated, “Last summer I visited three cotton factories with Dr. Clough of Preston and Mr. Barker of Manchester, and we could not remain ten minutes in the factory without gasping for breath...¨ This shows that the conditions were so bad that they had trouble breathing because how bad the air was. Dr. Ward also says, ¨Cotton factories are highly unfavourable, both to the health and morals of those employed in them. They are really nurseries of disease and vice. These factories were very unsafe and you could get many diseases and injuries, especially if you were a kid as a lot were. The kids were in many accidents in the factories, as Dr. Ward states,
Russell’s story takes place in old Japan where Women become hybrids of silkworm and human, they live and work in a mill where they produce thread. The whole procedure to get the thread from their bodies to turn into silk is just as awful as the machine from The Penal Colony. The machine is described as “. . . a great steel-and-wood beast with a dozen rotating eyes and steaming mouths-it’s twenty meters long and takes up half the room. . . Pulleys swing our damp threat left and right across it, refining it into finished silk” (Russell 31). In order to remove the threads from their body, they dip their hands into boiling water, which helps loosen the thread then machine reels it from them and turns it into silk. These poor women are treated like animals, they are made to work continuously in an environment that reminds me of a sweatshop. They have no choice but to work because of their mutated bodies so even if they didn’t want to, they’ll have to. The machine has so much power over the women because it relieves them of the silk that builds up within them. At a certain of the story, one worker, Kitsune who is the main character goes on strike. The story describes her body as “her belly is grotesquely distended and stippled with lumps, like a sow’s pregnant with a litter of ten piglets. Her excess thread is packed in knots. Strangling Dai from within.”
It was estimated that nearly 35 percent to 53 percent of female workers were less than 16 years old in England (Document C), an age that was illegal for employment in modern society. Some of them were even under the age of ten. "I think the youngest children is about seven...I dare say there are twenty under nine years old" the description of the situations in Mr. Wilson's Mill from a worker named Hannah Goode in 1833 (Document J). In addition, a report in 1841 showed that 43% percent of the female workers were no more than 20 years old in four English textile industries in cotton, silk, lace and woolen manufacturing (Document C). In Japan, in the silk factory in Nagano, Japan 1901, 66 percent of female worker were under 20 years old. Female worker were more or less working for gaining more family income in order to release their financial burden. However, did they really contributed to family income and did they get the reasonable payment from the
Imagine being forced to work in conditions that might cause you to lose a limb, to be beaten daily, or to be left with long term respiratory conditions. These terrible conditions were realities to families who worked in textile factories in the 1700’s. England was the first to adopt textile factories which would benefit with mass production of cotton material. According to the power point, “Industrial Revolution; Life in English Factories”, low and unskilled workers, often children, ran the machines and moved material, this helped lower the cost of goods. During this time, commissions investigated the working conditions of the factories.
Factory workers worked twelve to fifteen hours a day in hazardous condition. There were no protective rules for women and children and no insurances for job-related accidents or industrial illness. The workers were obliged to trade at company store
Young girls were not allowed to open the windows and had to breathe in the dust, deal with the nerve-racking noises of the machines all day, and were expected to continue work even if they 're suffering from a violent headache or toothache (Doc 2). The author of this report is in favor of employing young women since he claimed they seemed happy and they loved their machines so they polished them and tied ribbons on them, but he didn 't consider that they were implemented to make their awful situations more bearable. A woman who worked in both factory and field also stated she preferred working in the field rather than the factory because it was hard work but it never hurt her health (Doc 1), showing how dangerous it was to work in a factory with poor living conditions. Poor living conditions were common for nearly all workers, and similar to what the journalist saw, may have been overlooked due to everyone seeming
Saiba Haque Word Count: 1347 HUMANITIES 8 RECONSTRUCTION UNIT ESSAY Slavery was a problem that had been solved by the end of the Civil War. Slavery abused black people and forced them to work. The Northerners didn’t like this and constantly criticized Southerners, causing a fight. On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by Lincoln to free all the slaves in the border states. “
In the early years while the profits were high working conditions looked promising to the mill girls in their brief opening experiences of factory work. Jobs required little skill because the machinery was mostly self-acting. It looked very pleasant at first, the rooms were so light, spacious, and clean, the girls so pretty and neatly dressed, and the machinery so brightly polished or nicely painted (Harriet Farley, Letters from Susan, Letter Second).
Other examples of long working hours included these rules published in the Zachariah Allen Papers “From 20th March to 20th Septr the wheel starts at sunrise and stops at sunset” (Kulik et al.). In addition to long working hours, they were paid low wages per the Pomfret Manufacturing Company Records “Rhonda chooses to weave two wks by the wk at 12 (12 shillings = $2) then by the yard” (Kulik et al.). Other mills paid similar wages; Sally Rice wrote to her father about the wages in a letter dated Feb 23, 1845. She said, “James Alger’s sister makes 3 dollars per week” (Kulik et al.). Rice compares her wages in the mill to those of a house worker by saying “I think it will be better than to do housework for nine shillings” (Kulik et al.). The mills had other strict rules which included the inability to leave the floor without permission of the overseer, meeting their quota of work daily and few breaks during the often sun up to sundown days. The long hours, poor pay and strict rules took their toll on the women. As Sally Rice told her father in a letter dated September 14,1945 after seven months in a mill job “You surely cannot blame me for leaving the factory so long as I realized that it was killing me to work in it” (Rice). Factory owners and operators viewed the women as a dispensable workforce and did not invest in the employer-employee relationship. (Feller 121).
They were forced to go out to work and make a rapid transition into adulthood. In these work places they, like any other adult, had a limited amount of time to eat. Patience Kershaw, a miner at the age of 17 recalls having cake for dinner- in inadequate dinner- and she does “not stop or rest at any time for the purpose” referring to her inability to eat throughout the day . She of course is not the only one, Elizabeth Bentley who works in the mills was asked whether she had the opportunity to eat in the factory. The 23 year old who began working at the age of 6 replied with a “no” saying how she had little to eat. The human rights were furthermore diminished as I read further on about the consequences there were if a child were to arrive late to work or became drowsy. Clearly the long hours and often times the long travel from home to work would severely tire anyone, to keep the kids under control and alert while working, the over lookers resorted to strapping them “when they became drowsy”. Matthew Crabtree explains the dread that these kids had of getting beaten, due to the fear they had we can infer that the means of physical abuse was prevalent in these factories. In the mines the young girls and women had to adapt to the conditions of their workplace. The vigorous lifting and loading was a strenuous activity done by both sexes, males worked naked to combat heat while females also worked
An additional job opportunity occurred for women-factories. Most men in general did not have a desire to work under the directions of other men, they preferred to be their own bosses as farmers, or as some other type of manufacturers. Because of this aversion for factory work, first workers in factories were women. In the factories, women faced discrimination, and employers frequently paid women less money for the same job that man would do. The wages were disgraceful; an average female worker would earn 104 dollars per year in the factory. During this period, factories did not have good conditions for workers, and most of them lacked lighting, air-condition, heat etc. If a women worker gets an injury on the job, they would simply be fired, and no compensation were provided. “You’re being confined from five in the morning till seven at night” Claims Amy Melenda Galusha-one of many women who worked in a textile mills in Lowell, Massachussets, in 1849, in a letter to her brother. Amy compares the advantages and disadvantages of being a man and a woman working in a
Imagine waking up at five in the morning to walk over a mile to a factory where you work until noon where you get a half hour break for lunch, then it’s back to work until nine or ten at night, when you are finally allowed to go home and you are only eight years old. Today that seems unimaginable, but during the early 19th century it was the everyday life of thousands of children whose ages range from as young as five until you died. During the Industrial Revolution many children were required to work dangerous jobs to help their families.
“Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school.” Back then in the U.S., children were working between ages 5 to 17. Between the 1800s and 1900s, many children worked in agricultural fields, fishing, mining, manufacturing, and even drug trade and prostitution. Even though child labor laws are still avoided around the world, the effects on child labor in the US, before, was unbelieveable. Children were suffering from health issues, reform movements grew and other countries followed enforced child labor too.