Introduction:
Fly Drosophila in a great model organism that is used to show courtship behavior when a gene is mislocated and improperly expressed. This results in male courtship behavior between male-male and male Drosophila not being able to receive chemicals signals from the brain to repel sensory signals.
Methods:
The experiment consisted of putting blind mutants (ninaB360d or 1118) in daylight and dark environments to asses their courtship behavior towards intact females and decapitated female flies.
Results:
In daylight environment sexual arousal decreased in w1118 compared to Ore R males. In the dark environment w1118 have a “scanning strategy” that allowed them to behave like wild type Drosophila.
Discussion:
In both dark and light
environment the w1118 showed the same behavior when exposed to decapitated females. Males court virgin females and showed low sexual arousal in both environments. Hypothesis: 1.White eyed Drosophila have impaired vision which prevents them from successfully mating and pass on their genes to future generation by reproducing to keep their specie alive. In the light conditions there will be less sexual interaction between white eye and red eye not being able to produce many offsprings. In the dark environment there will be more sexual interaction thus, producing more offspring. Null hypothesis: Vision impairment has no direct correlation with eye color or their ability to mate and reproduce. eyed Drosophila 2. Red eye Drosophila are more fit and abundant in the environment causing white eyed Drosophila to only mate with red eyed Drosophila. Therefore, the offspring will get the dominant eye color which in this case would be red. In both light and dark environment the offspring will have the dominant trait of red color eyes. Null Hypothesis: White eye drosophila have no preference for either red or white eyed males.
Variation in selection pressures on the goldenrod gall fly and the competitive interactions of its natural enemies
The objective of this experiment is to determine what genes are responsible for the white-eye color in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the common fruit fly. Drosophila is used as the experimental organism for many reasons which include its small size, easy maintenance, short 10 day generation time, and a fully sequenced genome. The characteristics of the wild type, which is the most common phenotype found in nature, include brick red eyes, long wings, gray/tan body, and smooth bristles. Of course, there are mutations that occur that cause specific traits to deviate from the wild-type phenotype. These traits include wing length, bristle shape, body color, and eye color.
Intro: Charles Darwin’s natural selection comes to mind when viewing the aggressive behaviors in crickets. This interaction comes into play specifically when competition for resources, such as foods and females, are scarce. Thus, only the organism most fit in the environment would be allowed to survive and pass on its genes. Pioneers of animal behavior, pave the way to understanding the why animals act the way they act (von Frisch, 1967; Lorenz, 1952; and Tinbergen 1951). With further integration between different biological organizations, we see the rise of new possible research, especially in crickets (Wong & Hoffman, 2010). The house crickets, Acheta domesticus, would normally display little to no aggression between males because of their natural behavior to live in groups. But when isolated for a length of time, ag...
Ross Wolff, Jennifer, and David Zarkower. "Somatic Sexual Differentiation in Caenorhabditis Elegans." Current Topics in Developmental Biology 83 (2008): 1-39. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. .
Examining the Crosses Between Drosophila Fruit Flies Introduction The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the “father of genetics,” Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles.
Fortunately, the assumptions made about maternal care in insects do not have to be accepted or rejected based only on faith or an educated guess; today it is possible for these predictions to be empirically tested so that the data may be recorded and analyzed. The following experiment is just one example of the various ways in which ideas regarding insects and maternal care may be effectively evaluated.
"Persistent female choice for a particular male trait values should erode genitive variance in male traits and thereby remove the benefits of choice, yet choice persists” (Miller, Christine and Allen Moore). This phenomenon is know as the Lek Paradox and has puzzled scientists for many years. Throughout all species there has been abundant evidence showing continuous female choice of male traits, yet there is still no definite answer as to what allows for genetic variance to be maintained, and why a specific trait never becomes fixed. Many hypotheses have been theorized and researched, all providing some explanation as to how this variance in species is maintained, from traits signaling resistance to parasites, according to Hamilton and Zuk, to the hypothesis of mutational and environmental affects. Condition-dependence can also provide information as to how the lek paradox is able to exist; this hypothesis will be looked at in this paper.
...le promiscuity." Nature Genetics 36.12 (2004): 1326-1329. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 24 July 2011.
In mammals they use a few types of communication and one of them is called Chemical Communication also known as Pheromones. These chemical messengers square measure transported outside of the body and have an effect on neurocircuits, as well as the autonomous system with secretion or protein mediate physiological changes, inflammatory sign, system modifications and/or behavioral change within the recipient. There are physical limits on the sensible size of organisms using pheromones, as a result of at little sizes secretion diffuses far from the supply organism quicker than it is created, and a wise concentration accumulates too slowly to be helpful. For this reason, bacterium is too little to use pheromones as sex attractants on a personal basis. However, they are doing use them to work out the native population density of comparable organisms and management behaviors that take longer to execute, pheromones are employed in assemblage sensing or to push natural ability for transformation, sexual sequence transfer. In similar manner, the easy animal’s rotifers are, it appears, additionally too little for females to put down a helpful path, however within the slightly larger copepods the feminine leaves a path that the male will follow.
Transferring sperm depends on the species of damselfly because the sex organs are particularly elaborate and specific to the each species. Organs in the male damselflies that allow the end of its’ abdomen to attach to the back of the females’ head correspond between each individual species, making mating between separate species nearly impossible.
The average lifespan of a tsetse fly adult ranges from one to three months. The process of reproduction begins with the larva hatching from an egg within the female and the development of the young tsetse occurring within the uterus. The larva growth process usually take about nine days. While in the uterus, the larva get nutrients from fluid secreted from the female tsetse’s uterine wall. Proper nutrition is necessary because if under nourished the female fly will produce a small, underdeveloped and nonviable larva. On the other hand, adequate nutrition will ...
Arthropods are in the kingdom Animalia which is in the subphylum Arthropoda. A species can be classified as an Arthropod if they have an exoskeleton, a coelom, and if they are mostly dioecious. An “ exoskeleton is an external skeleton made of chitin. [A] coelom is fluid filled cavity between organs and body wall” (Babin,2017). Examples of Arthropods are: spiders, ticks, millipedes, and centipedes. The objective of this experiment was to find Arthropods and test. Different habitats were established to see which will produce a greater amount of Arthropod. It was believed that the Arthropod diversity of a shaded area will be more that that of an area near a canal. The shaded area would have more arthropod diversity because more plants would be around it. Since there will be leaves and trees, plant diversity will be greater. Also, having “ plant diversity can positively affect arthropod{s}” ( Bennett and Gratton, 2013) because there will be more arthropods to utilize.
The effect of light and dark environments played a role in the phenotypic frequencies of the Drosophila melangaster. In the light environment, the red eye phenotypic frequency in both males and females steadily increased, while the white eye phenotypic frequency for both males and females steadily decreased over time with each measurement. Figure 1 shows a steady increase and decrease in the phenotypic frequency of the red and white eye allelic frequencies of males, which is evident by the sideways "v" shape of the graph. The red eye allelic frequency was high in both males and females in the light environment. In the dark environment, figure 1 shows that the male allelic frequency does change for both white and red eyes. The female phenotypic
The moths were tested (without a sugar reward) at five different light intensities ranging from mid-dusk to dim starlight, to see if they could pick the training color from eight different shades of gray...
A fly is an insect and lives in many common area of human community. This insect feeds on human foodstuffs and wastes where they can pick up and transport various disease agents. There are two potential cues that trigger aggregation in the common house fly. The first of these is visual attraction; that is, particular wavelengths of light, or colours, or shape patterns that the flies sense optically and find attractive. The second type of cue is olfactory; chemical attractants that stimulate the flies to move towards them. The fly picks up disease-causing organisms while crawling and feeding. Flies create some of the public health insect problem in human society. Flies create some major diseases such as sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis and typhoid fever in the United States of America (Buchanan and Dura, 2005). Flies go through a complete metamorphosis. Metamorphous is the transformation of an insect from an immature form of larva to an adult from in distinct stage. There are four major stage in flies lifecycle which is eggs, larva, pupa and adult fly (refer to Figure 1 in appendix 1).