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Factors that influence criminal behavior
Factors that influence criminal behavior
Insight into the causes of criminality
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acts, deeming the behaviour to be more acceptable, suggesting that this could be a factor associated with criminality and deviant behaviour. Moreover, Finkelhor (1984) precondition model of sexual abuse provides an explanation developed to determine factors that contribute to child sexual abuse. The model is a popular source used due to the efficiency and reliability used in treatment programmes. Finkelhor’s model is well known as is it was one of the first observations made focusing on child molestation, stating that it is caused by a various range of factors. The model concentrated on factors of the motives of the offender, and the psychological needs required. As well as resistance, internal and external inhibitors and attitudes towards …show more content…
In summary, biological, social, cognitive and psychological traits can all play a fundamental role in an offenders actions towards sexual offending. Aetiology is also an important factor, as it can be one of the main causes for preventing sex offences by understanding what initially causes the behaviour. Although, prevention methods of social and behavioural sciences can be complex, previous research has enabled many forms of theories (Abel et al, 1984; Finkelhor, 1984; Caner et al, 1998 and Seto, 2008) produced that have all provided extensive research that has been implemented and adapted to modern society to enable a significant understanding into offender’s behavioural actions, this research has also been very important, not only for prevention, but for the treatment that can be offered to offenders which can reduce the rates of sexual offending, by requiring to the needs of those who commit crimes. In contrast to this, if cognitive theories can be a potential explanation for sexual deviance, treatment can also address issues evolving the decision making processes and attitudes as primary areas for treatment. In addition to this, if it is likely that an individual will commit a crime based on personality characteristics, research will be able to identify factors such as, which trait is most evident for someone who develops sexually deviant interests, the severity of the personality trait and whether age can also contribute to offending patterns. However to contradict this factor, certain characteristics and traits may not substantially contribute to specifically sex offending behaviour, as sex offenders may have symptoms that are unrelated to deviant sexual interest but often share very similar characteristics with non-sex offenders that
This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model “remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders” (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012).
Control Theory focuses on the question, “why do people conform?”. This theory argues that it is easier to satisfy an individual’s needs and wants through crime, but most people still don’t commit illegal acts. The reason for this is because of the restraints placed on people that stop them from breaking the law. But obviously, some people’s restraints exist more than others’. Some people feel freer to engage on crime. There are three major things that stop people from participating in deviant criminal activities: direct control, stake in conformity, and internal control. Jeffrey Dahmer lacked all
Offenders are able to identify weaknesses in a child’s personality or life circumstances and then exploit them. There can be many different characteristics a Child Molester or Pedophile uses for their selection process. The characteristics are the foll...
Many resources go into the prevention and management of sex offenders. However, very few effective programs exist that decrease the likelihood of reoffending. Through the use of meta-analyses, Seto and Lalumiere (2010) evaluated multiple studies that examined sex offenders. Emphasis was put on etiological explanations in the hopes of identifying factors associated with sex offending. Seto and Lalumiere’s (2010) findings help in creating effective programs to decrease recidivism rates.
Deviant behavior is sociologically defined as, when someone departs from the “norms”. Most of the time when someone says deviance they think against the law or acting out in a negative behavior. To sociologists it can be both positive and negative. While most crimes are deviant, they are not always. Norms can be classified into two categories, mores and folkways. Mores are informal rules that are not written; when mores are broken, they can have serious punishments and sanctions. Folkways are informal rules that are just expected to be followed, but have no real repercussions.
Trait theory views criminality as a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. It is based on a mix between biological factors and environmental factors. Certain traits alone cannot determine criminality. We are born with certain traits and these traits along with certain environmental factors can cause criminality (Siegel, 2013). According to (Siegel, 2013), the study of sociobiology sparked interest in biological or genetic makeup as an explanation for crime and delinquency. The thought is that biological or genetic makeup controls human behavior, and if this is true, then it should also be responsible for determining whether a person chooses crime or conventional behavior. This theory is referred to as trait theory (Siegel, 2013). According to Siegel (2013), due to the fact that offenders are different, one cannot pinpoint causality to crime to just a single biological or psychological attribute. Trait theorist looks at personal traits like intelligence, personality, and chemical and genetic makeup; and environmental factors, such as family life, educational attainment, economic factors, and neighborhood conditions (Siegel, 2013). There are the Biosocial Trait theories an...
Treatment approaches consist of cognitive behavioral and multisystemic therapies (Fanniff & Becker, 2006). Juveniles that are convicted of sex offenses may be placed on sex offender registry, occasionally a permanent status (Salerno, Stevenson, el al., 2010). It is unlike a sex offender to adhere to the appropriate sexual and social behaviors; thus the goal for adolescents is to understand the complex world to overcome the typical characteristics of a sex offender. This paper will consist the common characteristics of juvenile sex offenders and the treatment that are considered to be effective. Additionally, academic research is acquired that focus on offender registration and recidivism
...ical and physical satisfaction from the acts. Understanding of psychological theories helps criminologists to design appropriate correctional strategies to mitigate crime.
Finding strong evidence surrounding this topic could be significant to reducing crime rates and addressing the public health issue. What I have learn from research-based evidence and analyzing social and cultural theories, is that criminal behavior is multifaceted and is influenced by a range of determinants in which surrounds the nature versus nurture debate. I believe that nature and nurture both play significant roles to the making of a criminal.
In today’s society, one will find that there are many different factors that go into the development of a criminal mind, and it is impossible to single out one particular cause of criminal behavior. Criminal behavior often stems from both biological and environmental factors. In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. For example criminals have smaller brains than properly adjusted individuals. However biological reasons cannot solely be the cause of criminal behavior. Therefore, one must look to other sources as to how a criminal mind is developed. Social and environmental factors also are at fault for developing a person to the point at which they are lead to committing a criminal act. Often, someone who has committed a violent crime shows evidence of a poorly developed childhood, or the unsuitable current conditions in which the subject lives. In addition if one studies victimology which is the role that the victim plays in the crime, it is apparent that there are many different causes for criminal behavior. Through the examination of biological factors, in addition to the social and environmental factors which make up a criminal mind, one can conclude that a criminal often is born with traits common to those of criminals, it is the environment that exist around them that brings out the criminal within them to commit indecent acts of crime.
Criminologists and sociologist have long been in debate for century's to explain criminal behaviour. The two main paradigms of thought are between 'nature' and 'nurture'. Nature is in reference to a learnt behaviour where a multitude of characteristics, in society influence whether a person becomes deviant such as poverty, physical abuse or neglect. Nurture defines biological features which could inevitability lead to a individuals deviant or criminal behaviour, because criminality is believed by biological positivist to be inherited from a persons parents. However, I believe that criminal behaviour is a mixture of characteristics that lead to deviant acts such as psychological illness & Environmental factors. Therefore, this essay will aim to analyse both biological positivist and psychological positivist perspectives in hope of showing to what extent they play a role in criminal behaviour. Firstly, the essay will look at Cesare Lombroso's research on physical features and how these ideas have moved on to then develop scientific ideas such as genetics to explain criminal behaviour. Secondly, the essay will focus on external factors which may be able to explain criminal behaviour such as the social influences, life chances and Material deprivation.
Precondition model 1 is based the factors that strive the abuser to committing the abuse, the individuals emotional factors for sexually abusing is based on emotional development, it’s the need to feel power and control over someone, many of the times these individuals were sexually abused in their childhood and they are re-enacting the abuse done to them. The social/cultural factors related to the lead of sexual abuse is the need to feel dominant and in power in sexual relationships. The individual sexual arousal factors can come from childhood sexual experience that traumatized the individual, sexual interest in children by someone else, incorrectly attribution of arousal cues, and biological abnormality. The social cultural factors are child pornography, sexual portraits of children in advertising, and male drive to attribute to all emotional
Deviant behavior is defined as: the fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. There are several types of deviant behavior. Understanding the types of deviance, can be important in understanding why some actions are considered deviant. One type of deviance is formal deviance, which is behavior that violates enacted laws. For example, in American culture formal deviance would include: robbery, theft, rape, murder, assault, just to name a few.
As a result these findings were inclusive in their ability to truly link deviant sexual behaviors with personality traits. For example the findings represented both a degree of antisocial personality functioning and a degree of personal openness, which was dependent on the specific behavior being examined (Lodi-Smith, Shepard & Wagner,
Different schools of thought propose varying theoretical models of criminality. It is agreeable that criminal behaviour is deep rooted in societies and screams for attention. Biological, Social ecological and psychological model theories are key to helping researchers gain deeper comprehension of criminal behaviour and ways to avert them before they become a menace to society. All these theories put forward a multitude of factors on the outlooks on crime. All these theories have valid relevancy to continuous research on criminal behaviour.