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Discuss on the similarities and differences between human and artificial intelligences
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The following paper answers the questions to the discussion case over IBM Watson, a question answering (QA) computing system. In the first response, it discusses whether or not playing Jeopardy was a good way to test machine intelligence. In the second response, it asked if Watson is a good example of a computer system demonstrating intelligence similar to that of a human. It also asked if Watson would be useful in customer service systems and what it would take for businesses to use Watson for this purpose. In the final response, it asked for suggestions for some other applications for Watson. Machine intelligence is taking over how people get things done and most of the time it is done very efficiently.
Yes, playing Jeopardy was a good way to test machine intelligence because the machine was able to look back to its database and synthesize the data to come up with an answer. The article, “How IBM’s Watson Became a Jeopardy Champion,” stated that in order for a machine to win at Jeopardy it had to be able to understand the language of a clue, register the intent of a question, scour millions of lines of human language, and return a single, precise answer, in less than three seconds (Laudon). It is awesome to be able
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to do all that within three seconds. Computers are very intelligent when they are being used for a good cause. I do not believe that Watson is a good example of a computer system demonstrating intelligence similar to that of a human.
Human intelligence is better than a computer system. Computer systems such as Watson are based on gathering massive evidence, analyzing, and scoring. It is just a machine. Human intelligence gathers emotion, logic, purpose, and potential. Watson cannot compare to these human characteristics, it may speak as if it was human, but it is just speaking off sequences and codes not its actual self (IBM Watson…). Human intelligence is valued much more than machine intelligence because any machine can pull up data that is asked, but when an individual provides answers, phrases, or facts without the use of technology that is
impressive. Watson would be good for any type of system. I do think that customer service systems would benefit from using Watson. Watson can input all the customers data and locate reviews, surveys, and the needs for each customer. It would take dedication to be able to run this system through the business because it would be a large database with high security. Businesses need to make an important decision on if Watson is worth spending so much money. It would also take work off individuals’ hands and manually do any type of customer service while they are there at the location or at any other place. While individuals concentrate on managing the business Watson can be doing the labor and with its high technology take care of customers. I would recommend Watson to be used in law enforcement in identifying suspects and doing the right research to close a case with the correct charge. Also, answering questions of any past case or criminal for future cases (Laudon). Some applications I would suggest are that Watson get rid of the extensive amount of data that it provides and instead break it down to some of it in order to avoid overuse of data space. To prevent errors Watson needs to be reviewed more than once to provide doctors, legal authority, scientists, etc. with the correct answer and study before continuing onto the next step. Most applications put into place would get rid of employees, which is a bad thing for people. People need jobs to be able to maintain their families or themselves. These applications made for machines should consider that people need to have labor. Cited Sources IBM Watson: The Science Behind an Answer. (2011, July 18). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DywO4zksfXw Laudon, Kenneth C., Jane P. Laudon. How IBM’s Watson Became a Jeopardy Champion. Essentials of Management Information Systems.
Smarter than You Think starts out with a cautionary tale of how in 1997 world chess champion Garry Kasparov was beaten by Deep Blue, an I.B.M. supercomputer. This was a considered a milestone in artificial intelligence. If a computer could easily defeat a chess champion, what would happen to the game and its players? A year after Kasparov was defeated by the program he decided to see what would happen when a computer and person were paired up. He called this collaboration the centaur; A hybrid consisting of the algorithms and history logs of chess as well as the brain to “analyze their opponents’ strengths and weaknesses, as well as their moods.” ...
The Last Lecture was written by Randy Pausch as a way to eventually pass on his ideas, story, and beliefs to his young children via video recording after his death due to pancreatic cancer. Pausch hoped to illustrate his life's trajectory coming full circle and to wrap up his academic career as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
It is evident that World War II still affects the world today, but are these repercussions the aftermath of a master plan for destruction? The Nazi Party and Hitler were the most significant characters for World War II and thus, they truly made history, however, they made it worse. Many different causes for this devastation have been concluded starting with the end of World War I and the harsh blameful Treaty of Versailles, the new found control in Germany, and the Great Depression; even though was most harmful in America, affected the world in its entirety. Are these the factors that led to the ‘Final Solution’, are these the problems that encouraged Hitler to seize the world? There were many elements prior to World War II leading to the annihilation of Jews, Hitler’s experiences in World War I greatly influenced his outlook on warfare and the Jewish, another predominate factor was the approval of building the camps and chambers in Germany, and lastly the documented intentions for the ‘Final Solution’.
The 1960s was a period well remembered for all the civil rights movements that occurred during that time frame and the impact these movements had on the social and political dynamics of the United States. The three largest movements that were striving in the 1960s were the African American civil rights movement, the New Left movement and the feminist movement. These three movements were in a lot of ways influenced by each other and were very similar in terms of their goals and strategies. However, within each of these movements there were divisions in the way they tried to approach the issues they were fighting against. Looking at each of these movements individually will reveal the relationship they all share as well as the changes that were brought forth as a result of each groups actions.
In truth, and overall, I cannot say that I am very satisfied with my improvements to my ASL this semester. I think I had high expectations coming into the semester, and they were difficult in being realized. One biggest area that needs improvement is the fluency in my signing, especially concerning English mouthing. I am obviously not at all satisfied in this area. This area is one of a great mystery to me, because I have not had that much issues with English mouthing in ASL I. For example, in VJ#3 for ASL I, I did not mouth many words. I guess picking up this habit this semester or maybe not addressing the formation of this habit and being able to ignore it was due to the increase in difficulty and complexity of what was required in ASL II. Additionally, it could be because the videos for this class were done with a partner while the video journals for ASL were done by myself. I think that having an additional person, having to coordinate what we are siging, as well as having much longer notes and requirements made me have to think a lot to produce my sings. They were not the simple, “I have 2 brothers and 2 sisters” kinds of sentences. I tend to mouth more when I have to think about what I have to say. This issue is most evident in my first video journal for ASL II, where I literally mouth every word. Although it got a bit better for the second one, the habit and issue still persists as evidenced my the feedback I received from the professor. I think what hindered my improvement was actually lack of practice. Not just lack of practice, but specifically lack of practice signing with other students about topics that were not precisely covered in class. I needed more practice on spontaneity; my mastery of the...
Response to intervention, also known as RTI, is a process to aid students’ progress throughout their academics to the best of their ability. This process tries to address any learning problems or difficulties starting at a younger age. When teachers and parents are able to address any learning problems of the students during the first few years of their education, the students can be provided the best instruction in addition to intervention for their individual needs.
Technology is evolving at an all time rate. Every aspect of life seems to have a machine that can do what you used to do, for you: the car that can park itself, the stairs that climb… or rather escalate for you, and too many drones flying around to count. Clive Thompson explores the ever changing world of technology and addresses the best use for technology in Smarter than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better. The author begins by proposing an intriguing question about chess: who is better at it, humans or computers? The ultimate battle of grand chess master versus supercomputer. On one hand, Thompson refers to how humans are intuitive, insightful, and can read their opponents emotionally. On the other hand, he mentions
The reason I believe that the Turing test is a great test is because it not only difficult, but it allows the interrogator to think, and that is what I believe Turing looks for his test, the state of logical thought. This would prove that the machine or anything can basically think and feel. For example, If I were to be the interrogator and asked “Are you a woman?” and they both answered me “I am” I would be mentally disturbed and would have to ask new questions to find my answer, but the main point here was the fact I was mentally disturbed and that leads to emotion, which leads that if I were to figure out who was who, I would pass the test and I would have evidence that I can undoubtedly
...ing Test and scientists of AI have different opinions about it. However there are some facts of which we can be sure of. The Turing Test was invented by a great scientist, it has had a long and rich history of 55 years and has played an important role in the science of Artificial Intelligence.
Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines intelligence as the capacity to apprehend facts and propositions, to reason about them, and the ability to understand them and their relations to each other. A. M. Turing had this definition in mind when he made his predictions and designed his test, commonly known as the Turing test. His test is, in principle, simple. A group of judges converse with different entities, some computers and some human, without knowledge of which is which. The job of the judges is to discern which entity is a computer. Judges may ask them any question they like, "Are you a computer?" excepted, and the participants may answer with anything they like, and in turn, ask questions of the judges. The concept of the test is not difficult, but creating an entity capable of passing the test with current technology is virtually impossible.
The position that computers are intelligent is supported by three points: refusing to say that computers are intelligent is prejudice towards computers, being intelligent does not mean that one must be knowledgable in all fields; being intelligent in a single area also proves to display intelligence, and there is no single qualification for intelligence; intelligence is measure...
Research from the University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography said that species in the ocean consume a projected 12,000 to 24,000 tons of plastic every year in the Pacific Ocean (Nall, 2014). Pollution of recyclable materials in the oceans is one of the leading causes of why some marine species are nearing extinction. Many authors of articles and books analyzing this topic tend to agree that pollution of our oceans is a problem. The future of this problem is where their ideas tend to differ. The following four literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support my belief that pollution is getting worse in the ocean and more marine life ecosystems are being affected, but there are things that we as humans can do to change this. Imagine a world where we didn’t have to constantly worry about the vicious cycle of humans affecting animals and then animals in turn affecting us through consumption.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Currently, there are AI industries developing machines that would have a positive impact on people’s jobs and lives. Studies have shown that artificial intelligence has changed the way we live and work because it motivates people to work productively in every organization. They are valuable tools that changes society for the better. According to How Robots & Algorithms Are Taking Over (2015), “While these machines cannot think, per se, they can process phenomenal amounts of data with ever-increasing speed and use… among many others” (Halpern, pg.1). Once artificial intelligence was created, they strive to imitate human behavior by thinking and acting like them to perform repetitive tasks. While teaching and training a person how to do specific tasks takes a long time, an AI machine can learn very quickly. This saves a lot of time for the organization. In addition, artificial intelligence is a social good that benefits from decision-making processes. While humans mostly makes decisions based on emotion, machines focuses on reasoning because it does what is best for the
Through a robot body, one can utilize AI algorithms to portray individual thinking. The first general purpose robot is called Shakey. Developed at the Stanford Research Institute from 1966 to 1972, Shakey was the first robot to think in advance. For example, Shakey was able to understand a command such as turn off a light switch in a particular room. The robot would go through a corridor, find the room and then locate and turn off a light switch. Shakey could complete an action without the need of step-by-step instructions. The LISP software was used to program Shakey. The development of Shakey advanced AI concepts from the invention of the A search algorithm to the understanding of the full capabilities of robots. Shakey raised the public’s awareness of computer science and artificial intelligence in the 1970s. Shakey moved public thoughts to questioning what machines could and will do in the future. (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics , 2015) To further the public’s thoughts about machine intelligence is IBM’s Deep Blue Computer. Deep Blue won a chess competition against famous chess champion Garry Kasparov. Deep Blue’s win was one of the first real instances of the competition of humans versus