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Aboriginal justice systems
Aboriginal justice systems
Aboriginal justice systems
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Case Report Title and Citation: Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975) Type of Action: Competency to Stand Trial Facts of the Case: “The defendant Anthony Faretta was accused of grand theft in Los Angeles, CA. Prior to the trial, the defendant requested permission to represent himself” (Gardner, 2000). Mr. Faretta stated that he had once represented himself in a criminal case and that he believed that his court order attorney could not efficiently advise him due to other priorities. Contentions of the Parties: Mr. Faretta challenged the judgment of the Court of Appeals and the Appellate District, stating he had no constitutional right to represent himself at his criminal trial. Issue: Can the state constitutionally impose counsel …show more content…
Furthermore, the state could not constitutionally force a counsel upon the accused. Therefore, Mr. Faretta was exercising his constitutional right in waiving assistance of counsel. Reasoning: The Court held that Mr. Faretta has the constitutional right to refuse appointed counsel. However, he may not complain later that he received inadequate assistance of and to legal counsel. Rule of Law: “The right of self-representation finds support in the structure of the Sixth Amendment, an informed and intelligent defendant who decides to waive his right to counsel has the constitutional right to represent himself” (LSCB, 2013). After all, the defendant, and not his lawyer or the State, will bear the personal consequences of a conviction. References: Gardner, Martin R. (2000). The Sixth Amendment right to counsel and its underlying values: defining the scope of privacy protection. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Law School Case Briefs | Legal Outlines | Study Materials. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2014.http://www.lawschoolcasebriefs.net/2013/11/faretta-v-california-case-brief.html Case Report Title and Citation: M 'Naghten 's Case, 8 Eng. Rep. 718, SEng Rep. 722 …show more content…
According to my research, to prove this type of case, one must have some type of mental, cognitive, or emotional defect during the act of the criminal offense. Rule of Law: Insanity must be proven under some type of mental or emotional defect caused by disease. References: M’Naghten’s Case | Casebriefs. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2014. http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-law/criminal-law-keyed-to-kadish/exculpation/mnaghtens-case/ Case Report Title and Citation: Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 102 S.Ct. 2452 (1982) Type of Action: Right to Treatment Facts of the Case: A mentally retarded man was involuntarily committed to a hospital. Contentions of the Parties: Family was concerned with safety and living conditions of the hospital. Also, they wanted him free from bodily restraints and a constitutional right to sufficient skill development programs offered within the facility. Issue: His constitutional rights still need to be upheld, because basic human needs supersede his mental
5. If you cannot afford an attorney, you have the right to have one appointed for you.
He stated that Miranda’s Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights to due process was violated when his involuntary confession was submitted to the court, as well as his right to counsel. The prosecution failed a brief stating that Miranda had a fair trial because the constitution did not state that a defendant needs an attorney during questioning, and that Miranda never asked for counsel. The decision was upheld. The court decided that the police did everything appropriately, and Miranda’s rights were never violated when he was interrogated without an attorney present. After Miranda’s first appeal was upheld his attorney stopped representing him.
“The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that ‘no person . . . shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.’ U.S. Const. amend. V. The related provision in the Tennessee Constitution states that ‘in all criminal prosecutions, the accused . . . shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself.’ Tenn. Const. art. I, § 9.” State v. Blackstock, 19 S.W.3d 200, 2000 Tenn. LEXIS 168 (Tenn. 2000). The Supreme court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that before a subject can be questioned by the police they must be warned that they have the right to remain silent, that anything they say can be used against them, that they have a right to an attorney, and that if they cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed to them before interrogation
The Court also opined that being entitled to a hearing during any part of the criminal justice process is a Constitutional due process right. As far as having legal representation during a parole violation, the Court ruled that “the Constitution does not require that the defendant be provided proper representation”, but should be applied on a case by case basis (Oyez, n.d.). Justice William Douglas who was the one dissent stated that he believed that Scarpelli should have had legal representation because he stated that he made the confession under duress” (Case Briefs,
The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona in 1966 affected the rights of the accused and the responsibilities of law enforcement. Miranda v. Arizona is known as the “right to remain silent” case. “I must tell you first you have the right to remain silent. If you choose not to remain silent, anything you say or write can and will be used as evidence against you in court. You have the right to consult a lawyer before any questioning, and you have the right to have the lawyer present with you during any questioning. You not only have the right to consult with a lawyer before any questioning, but if you lack the financial ability to retain a lawyer, a lawyer will be appointed to represent you before any questioning, and to be present with you during any questioning.” The court established new guidelines to ensure that the individual is accorded to his privilege under the Fifth Amendment not to be compelled to incriminate himself. Before the case, it was unclear what rights criminal suspects had when taken down to the police station, so the police did little to clarify the situation, which means they acted as if they had no rights and the police questioned suspects as if they as police are entitled to an answer. John Flynn argued the cause for Miranda while Gary K. Nelson argued the cause for Arizona. Those in favor of Miranda were Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, and Fortas while those in favor of Arizona were Clark, Harlan, Stewart, and White. “Now the issue before the Court is the admission in evidence of the defendant’s confession under the facts and circumstances of this case over the specific objections of this trial counsel that it had been given in the absence of counsel,” said John J. Flynn, who argued for Miranda. “I believe...
The Sixth Amendment gives defendants the right to counsel in federal prosecutions. However, the right to counsel was not applied to state prosecutions for felony offenses until 1963 in Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335. indignant are defendants that do not have enough money to go out and hire a private attorney, so therefore under the sixth amendment they have the right to have one appointed to them at no cost. According to Neubauer, D. W., & Fradella, H. F. (2014) three quarters of state prison inmates had court- appointed lawyers to represent them for the offense for which they are serving time for. the three major ways of providing indigents with court appoitnted lawyers are assigned counsel, contract syatems, and public defenders. There
“With liberty and justice for all.” Now this all too familiar clause is often forgotten like the toils of soldiers on the battlefield, repeated ad nauseum throughout the echoing literature left by our founding fathers and throughout the annals of history. America has been shown to persevere through the greatest of trials truly reflecting the American patriot’s desire to not only uphold freedom, equality, justice and humanity, but also to remember the faint yearning whispers of the oppressed crying out “Let freedom ring!” According to Michmerhuizen the Attorney-Client Privilege means “The concepts of lawyer confidentiality and Attorney-Client Privilege both concern information that the lawyer must keep private and are protective of the client’s ability to confide freely in his or her lawyer ” (1). I firmly believe that the Attorney-Client Privilege should not be abolished because it would be changing something our nation has been exposed to for so long, helps build a good relationship between client and attorney, and is most importantly the right of every American citizen. Although the other side of the issue makes valid arguments, the constitutional rights of every American citizen and the long-standing tradition of the Attorney-Client Privilege is the epicenter of the monumental success to our judicial system.
There are basically two categories, the M’Naghten Rule and the American Law Institute Model. The states are pretty much split between these two categories, with the exception of Montana, Idaho, and Utah which do not allow for an insanity defense.
According to (Hill, & Hill, 1998), the legal definition of insanity as it pertains to the law is;
The right to a court appointed attorney is paramount to the civilized justice system. Despite this, the system is not without its faults. Unfortunately, for a variety of reasons both proximate and remote, central and ideological, many court appointed attorneys are overwhelmed with cases. Some have as many as thousands and more still have hundreds of cases. Further more, many court appointed attorneys are amateurs, fresh out of law school with no formal practice of their own. To add further insult to injury, many are often so ill-equipped to handle their cases they opt for their clients to plead guilty and accept lesser sentencing rather than risk a long, arduous battle.
The insanity defense is typically sought in murder trials. Though the insanity defense is rarely used, it remains controversial. However, the debate is clouded by the public’s misconceptions. Many believe the defendant will walk away free. Also, it is believed that the insanity defense is abused. It is important to keep in mind that a lot of events leading up to the murder are not publically known. Therefore, it is wrong to assume that the defense is being contrived. Often times, help is sought out before a heinous crime is committed. It is important to realize that many mentally ill people do not recognize there is a problem. For example, the narrator in Edgar Allan Poe’s, The Tale Tell Heart states, “Now this is the point. You fancy
“In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.” (US Const., 8th Amend.) As shown in the constitution the right to counsel for the defense is a key right in our judicial system. The role of the public-defender office is one of utmost importance and rightfully so; every day various arrests are made in relation to all sorts of crimes. As a result many of those who face charges will hire an attorney to provide them with legal assistance. However it is no secret that attorney fees can be quite costly and not everyone can afford to spend such large sums of money at any given point in time. To allow equal access, the government spends millions of taxpayer dollars on the public defense system. These offices and their employees are considered to be part of the Judicial Branch. Their purpose is to provide indigent defendants with access to trained attorneys, which in turn provide them with free legal assistance in regards to their respective case. However, with such a large and important task, this system has key issues that raise the following questions: Is there a standard for the service provided by the attorney that is met by the public defenders? Do these attorneys receive adequate training and funds in order to represent indigent defendants equally? Should the defendants be appointed attorneys who are equal to...
The legal question in which the United States Supreme Court deliberated on was whether or not refusing to grant an indigent defendant counsel violated both the Sixth Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In other words, the question the Supreme Court addressed was if failing to provide defense counsel to indigent defendants in state courts violated their fundamental constitutional rights. The Supreme Court discussed the constitutionality of extending the federal guarantee of providing defense counsel to indigent defendants to state criminal courts. As a result of these deliberations, the Supreme Court considered overturning court case Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 355.
Self-representation, otherwise known as self-litigation, generally involves a defendant representing themselves as their own attorney in the court of law. “Such cautions notwithstanding, many courts have reported an appreciable increase in the number of cases filed by self-represented litigants in the past decade, especially in family law, landlord/tenant, and small-claims cases” (Goldschmidt, 2002, p.36). Many people often decide to take this course of action in hopes of avoiding costly legal fees. However, it is important to note that with self-representation there are many risks involved. For instance, this practice may be detrimental to the accused receiving a fair hearing and may also bring undue hardship to the court process itself. Furthermore,
For the defense, this prevents excessive incarceration, minimizes anxiety for the defendant and can prevent damage to the defendant’s case from a long delay. The time frame of when this right applies is after the defendant has been accused, also known as the accusation rule. The Sixth Amendment also provides in part that the accused enjoys the right “to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.” This means compelling a witness to testify in court and usually involves a court issues subpoena. Although under the Sixth Amendment the defendant has a right to counsel sometimes they choose to represent themselves as this is a constitutional right as well. Under the Sixth Amendment the defendant is required to be provided with effective assistance of counsel. To define exactly what is considered “effective assistance counsel” is when the legal advice provided to the defendant is “within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.” If it is determined that a defendant’s right to a speedy trial have been violated, the charges against them may be