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Infant face perception development essay
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• Briefly review literature on young infants face perception and recognition.
Face perception is when someone is able to analyze and interpret the face, mainly the human face. In this particular case, the perception is in regards to infants. Recognition is defined in a similar manner. It is when something has been previously seen or heard. Face perception during early infancy (Article 7) by Mondloch, Lewis, Budreau, Maurer, Dannemiller, Stephens, and Gathercoal does a great job explaining young infants face perception and recognition. In this article, the researchers decided to conduct an experiment on newborns, 6-week-olds, and 12-week-olds. They used a standardized method, which was called the Teller Acuity card procedure. This procedure was when an observer did not know what was presented each trial and tried to see if the infants preferred one of the stimuli, or cards, over another. There were five cards in total. Three were the experimental cards and two were the control, or tester, cards. For the experimental cards, one card consisted of a config and its inversion. A config is an outline of a head shape and it has three black dots inside the shape forming a set of eyes and mouth. The inversion is when the “config” is flipped upside down. The second card consisted of a spectrum of a face and its’ amplitude spectrum. The amplitude spectrum was like the opposite. It was a fuzzy spectrum and you couldn’t see a face. The third card consisted of a positive and negative contrast face. One of the faces was a positive contrast and the other face was a negative contrast. For the control cards, these cards were used to test the validity of the card procedure and it tested every age. Both of the cards consisted of wide black and white ...
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...It shows that 3-5 month-old infants are able to follow a gaze within their visual range or field. As for joint attention and its developmental milestone, Gredebäck, Fikke, and Melinder conducted their study at 2-8 months of age. As far as the results, they found out that 2 month-old infants were too young to follow a gaze but 4 month-olds were able to. In regards to 6-8 month old infants, it showed that they were able to consistently participate in joint attention.
In conclusion, eyes are the important factors when it comes to anyone’s attention and cognition. It is another form of communication and its own language helps with the cognitive development of young infants to adults. Through eye contact, joint attention, and gaze direction, they all help with teaching an infant about nonverbal communication and understanding the emotions and perceptions of other people.
“Only Phineas never was afraid, only Phineas never hated anyone. Other people experienced this fearful shock somewhere, this sighting of the enemy, and so began an obsessive labor of defense, began to parry the menace they saw facing them by developing a particular frame of mind.”(Knowles 204) John Knowles, the author of A Separate Peace states this quote to explore how some people develop defense mechanisms in order to protect themselves from any harm they may endure. Gene, the novel’s protagonist feels as though his best friend Phineas is somehow out to get him. However, Finny’s perception of his friend was utterly different from Gene’s perspective. In fact, Finny acts as a foil for Gene throughout the story, carrying a completely different outlook on things. Gene’s savage nature allows him to identify the evil within people when Finny simply acknowledges the positive traits in his friends, disregarding the concept of wickedness as a whole. Through Gene and Finny’s friendship, John Knowles illustrates the significance of how one has the ability to perceive others.
Infants are born aware of their environment from the moment of birth. This suggests that at birth the visual and auditory systems of infants are intact and fully functional.
A common area of perception that many may not think about is the ability to recognize faces. Facial recognition, however, is not consistent from infancy to adulthood but develops throughout an individual’s life. During infancy, the ability to see detail is quite poor compared to the average adult (Goldstein & Brockmole, 2017). When objects are within close distances, studies have shown that infants are able to perceive and detect a few features of the object; this idea can then be related to facial recognition in infants (Goldstein & Brockmole, 2017). The details that infants are able to perceive are associated with contrast in light, especially the difference between dark and light areas. Though this does
Acquired prosopagnosia refers to when the onset of prosopagnosic symptoms occur after brain trauma, resulting in damage to the cortex of the brain from hitting the inside of the skull (Bodamer, 1947). It can also refer to the initiation of symptoms after brain tissue dies (ischemia) such as from loss of blood supply like from a stroke, or a neurodegenerative disease (Villa et al., 2013, pg. 375).
Baillargeon, R., & Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the rabbit? 5.5 month-old infants’ representation of the height of a hidden object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392.
From birth, our everyday experiences and interactions with the people around us help to grow and shape the brain. The child-caregiver relationship is a key element in healthy cognitive development, and has a lasting impact on the child’s life. Through this positive relationship the child learns and cultivates their understanding of people and the world around them. These experiences will help determine the level of motor skills, visual skills, and learning abilities that a child will possess in their future. A responsive caregiver provides the serve-and-return interactions a child needs to develop healthy brain circuitry. A healthy example of serve-and-return is when an infant babbles and gestures to an object, the caregiver responds accordingly by smiling and naming the object. This interaction lays the foundation for creating a link between the object and the word. As children age they learn about cause and effect, spatial relationships, problem solving, number sense, and classification. They learn these skills through the use of symbolic play and imitation.
From my personal experiences, I have to come to the conclusion that it doesn't always work the way I believe when observing a child. I strongly feel that in order to get to know a child you should not spend most of your time observing him/her. Interacting with the child gives off better results. Not once or twice, this should be a consistent thing.
Visions are truly a mystery to our world. Only certain people have the ability to have visions, it is often confused with dreams but visions are a whole different thing. It is full of wonders and unanswered questions and sometimes leaves a small trace of a magical presence. There are many mysteries to unravel and discoveries to analyze the meaning to. The adventure that the visions takes you on is yours, it has control of your mind and will take your mind into a wild roller coaster ride.
Everyone has experienced hearing a language they do not understand. In that context, the words seem to consist of a meaningless series of sounds; this is often ascribed to the listener not knowing the definitions of the vocabulary used. However, in addition to not being familiar with the words said, a person who does not understand the language will hear and process the sounds differently than a native speaker. This fact is partially explained by categorial perception, a perceptual-learning phenomenon in which the categories of different stimuli possessed by an individual affect his or her perception.
Mental Representation: In this stage, the infant is able internally to depict an object, which is drawn in his problem-solving techniques. Besides that, the child can locate an object when out of sight. Hence, in this stage, the infant has great object permanence (Berk, 2013).
Eye gaze is essential for evaluating the following objects: liking and attraction, attentiveness, competence, social skills and mental health, credibility, and dominance (Kleinke, 1986), these evaluations provide information about the target of another person’s attention and expression. Therefore, eye gaze helps to obtain information about communicative intentions and future behaviour (Baron-Cohen, 1995). Moreover, according to Patterson’s distinguish between communicative behaviours and indicative behaviours in 1982, only communicative behaviours are driven by a goal or purpose. Thus when infants are using eye gaze for communication, they are subjective to process the information transition. This statement also be demonstrated by many studies. For instance, D 'Entremont and his colleagues tested 24 infants form 3- to 6-month-olds in 1997 and they found that 73% participants followed the adults’ head-turn behaviour to change the direction of their eye
Social perception is 1.“the cognitive process that helps us form impressions of those around us and subconscious attitudes towards other people based their defining characteristics which help to comprehend a situation and gauge our behaviour accordingly. Social perception can be the mental progression of picking up clues and signals from others that help us form an early stage of what they may be like. Our brains may rely on stereotypes or previous similar experiences to build a picture of what to expect from any given social encounter”
How we present ourselves and communicate with others aside from talking is by our body language. Our body language speaks more than words which then logically accounts for a bigger percentage of our communication skills. Therefore our eyes speaks volumes about us and how we communicate.
All young girls in America can remember watching the movie Beauty and the Beast by Walt Disney. At that time, it was a story of love and triumph, a girl falls in love and gets her prince charming. As we grow older, we question that movie and its intentions that we were too young to understand. Who is the real beauty and who is the real beast? A puzzling question due to our society constantly telling us how we need to look and be perceived as in order to not be “the beast” and more of “the beauty”.
Perception of one’s self begins early in life. For me, it began as being a little sister. My older sister was six when I was born and due to that age difference, was also a kind of parent to me. I knew I was to be the compliant, cute little sister and spent my younger years trying to live up to the little sister standard. It took years to develop what sisterhood really was into my self-concept.