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Susan Sontag on politics and torture
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When most Americans think of the word “torture”, images of barbaric and savage individuals inflicting pain in repulsively innovative ways are what usually come to mind. Torture is what foreigners do, because, as Americans, we are too civilized and morally superior to engage in such behavior. In “Regarding the Torture of Others,” Susan Sontag argues that because American readers and the culture have become a sexually charged and violent entity concerned with having “fun,” the heinous photos depicting the torture of terrorists at Abu Ghraib is as much their fault, as it is the Bush administration’s. Though Sontag is effective in proving the administration’s liability, her extreme parallels of Americans to Nazis, fraternal organization practices and video games to the torture committed in Abu Ghraib make the essay and her argument overall ineffective. In Section I., Sontag is able to artfully make the reader understand and agree that the Bush administration is ignorant and hypocritical for avoiding responsibility for the humiliation and torture that occurred in Abu Ghraib. Though the administration was “shocked and disgusted by the photographs,” any reasonable reader would find it unfair and ridiculous that the administration would not admit to what truly happened. Sontag, laudably, reveals there was an “avoidance of the word ‘torture’,” by government officials, such as Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. If the government cannot admit that the detainees were objects of torture and not objects of the euphemism, “abuse,” it is plain stupidity. In quoting the definition of torture from the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Sontag shows that the administration is wron... ... middle of paper ... ...re of the torture and someone in the chain of command did not order its conclusion. The American people at home, who identify simply as the people, are blameless because they were unaware until the photos too surfaced. The order to have the prisoners tortured and the subsequent publication of the sexual images was immoral and proves that we, the morally upright Americans, became savage and desperate for any satisfaction that comes from wielding power. Sontag’s essay is overall ineffective because most readers will not believe it was their fault because they were not the soldiers in an “endless war”. The torture is a byproduct of the policies enacted by the presidency at the time, which indeed tarnished America. The images circulated and the countless others that may never be leaked will unfortunately, to some degree, are representative of the Iraqi war.
Szegedy-Maszak, Marianne. "The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism." Writing and Reading for ACP Composition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Custom, 2009. 210-12. Print.
Joy Harjo uses a metaphor throughout the memoir Crazy Brave , in order to express her emotions about how she feels about art, her classmates , and the books she has read .
Who wouldn’t have agreed? Yes, torture is cruel but it is less cruel than the substitute in many positions. Killing Hitler wouldn’t have revived his millions of victims nor would it have ended war. But torture in this predicament is planned to bring no one back but to keep faultless people from being sent off. Of course mass murdering is far more barbaric than torture. The most influential argument against using torture as a penalty or to get an acknowledgment is that such practices ignore the rights of the particulars. Michael Levin’s “The Case for Torture” discusses both sides of being with and being against torture. This essay gets readers thinking a lot about the scenarios Levin mentioned that torture is justified. Though using pathos, he doesn’t achieve the argument as well as he should because of the absence of good judgment and reasoning. In addition to emotional appeal, the author tries to make you think twice about your take on
...mation there, the public may never know what has actually happened without the release of all of their findings.
Mark Twain in his essay “A Presidential Candidate” uses hyperbole, irony, and diction to accost politicians and show their faults to the well-read voters. Twain’s use of hyperbole, which is seen through his past stories such as the incident involving his grandfather, establishes an exaggerated sense of himself as a candidate which creates the image of a forthright yet malicious man running for office. He also uses reductio ad absurdum to show the ridiculousness of the politicians running for office and how they are deceitful about small things while he is willing to tell how he killed his grandfather for snoring. Twain’s diction as seen through such phrases as “prowl”, “heartless brutality”, and “Napoleonic” set up a sarcastic tone that was
Stanley Milgram, author of "The Perils of Obedience," conducted an experiment at Yale University to see if average citizens would partake in a study revolving around obedience to authority (Milgram 78). In said experiment, a professor from Yale would give an ordinary individual the authority to shock another person. If the ordinary individual asked to stop, the professor would coax them to continue and remind them they hold no responsibility (78). Not only did Milgram 's study revolve around obedience to authority, it also stressed the point of every person could be capable of torture and doing so without feeling responsible. In the article, "The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism," author Marianne Szegedy-Maszak states, anyone can
In the article, “The Torture Myth,” Anne Applebaum explores the controversial topic of torture practices, focused primarily in The United States. The article was published on January 12, 2005, inspired by the dramatic increase of tensions between terrorist organizations and The United States. Applebaum explores three equality titillating concepts within the article. Applebaum's questions the actual effectiveness of using torture as a means of obtaining valuable information in urgent times. Applebaum explores the ways in which she feels that the United States’ torture policy ultimately produces negative effects upon the country. Applebaum's final question is if torture is not optimally successful, why so much of society believes it works efficiently.
Marianne Szegedy-Maszak, a senior writer at U.S. News and World, published her article, "The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism," in 2004. She uses the article to briefly overview the scandal as a whole before diving into what can trigger sadistic behavior. The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal took place in 2004, wherein American troops humiliated and tortured Iraqi detainees (Szegedy-Maszak 75). The main objective of Szegedy-Maszak’s article is to investigate the causation behind sadistic behavior, exclusively in the Abu Ghraib Prison scandal. She effectively does so by gathering information and research from professional psychologists and professors of psychology, specifically Herbert Kelman and Robert Okin (Szegedy-Maszak 76). She finds
...ustified their misconduct and abuse of power, by arguing that they did it because of the National Security State, but what they really did was to undermine the importance of telling the truth, in a world built on mutual trust and respect.
A. Bush's torturers follow where the Nazis led. " The Times Online. 7 October 2007. 23
The Line Between Right and Wrong Draws Thin; Torture in Modern America and how it is reflected in The Crucible
The notion that fear will make a human leak information is not a novel idea. Torture has widely been used throughout the world by many groups of people. After World War II, The Geneva Convention prohibited any nation from partaking in torture. The emergence of terrorist activity on American soil brought up the question whether torture should be advocated or prohibited from a moral standpoint. The US changed the definition of torture in order to forcibly attain potentially important information from captives. Even though the new clause suggested that many of the methods the US used were now legal, other countries still had an issue in terms of honoring the Geneva Convention and basic human rights. Advocates for torture promise that countless innocent lives can be saved from the information obtained from a single torture victim. Opponents to the advocates suggest that torture often results in misleading information. Morally, torture is not justified as it degrades humans and often leaves victims scarred for life and possibly dead.
In “The Case For Torture” an article written by Michael Levin, he attempts to justify the use of torture as a means of saving lives. Throughout the article, Levin gives the reader many hypothetical examples in which he believes torture is the only method of resolution. Though I agree with Levin, to some degree, his essay relies heavily on the fears of people and exploits them to convince people into thinking pain is the only way. In certain aspects, I could agree entirely with Levin, but when one reads deeper into the article, many fallacies become apparent. These fallacies detract from the articles academic standing and arguably renders the entire case futile. Levin’s strategy of playing with the fears of people is genius, but, with more creditable details of the issue the article would have sustained the scrutiny of more educated individuals. The addition of more concrete information, would have given people something to cling to, inherently improving the articles creditability.
Journalist interview re: Abu Ghraib prison abuses: Eleven answers to eleven questions. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.
Poetry is a true literary art form that uncovers the hidden beauty of the world through its word’s. Poems are strong pieces of literature that unveil a deeper meaning using various literary devices throughout. Therefore, all humans need poetry as it is a living image that endlessly inspires the importance of change in society. Moreover, in silence, poetry is able to connect with people on any subject for it contains all the wisdom of the world. Furthermore, poetry pours out raw emotion and truth though the use of metaphors, allusions and many more devices, which shed light on the value of life. In “Constantly Risking Absurdity” a poem written by Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the speaker explains the devotion that a poet