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Islamic empire expansion
Rise of the Muslim empire
Rise of expansion of islam
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Expansion of the Muslim Empire The Muslim empire expanded vastly from 622 CE to 750 CE. This empire could be compared to the Holy Roman Empire, one of the greatest in the world. There are three main reasons to explain how the Muslim empire reached its height; battling for land, signing peace treaties, and granting stipends. Every Muslim who were in the military fought against other civilizations for land. After that, they made an agreement, or a peace treaty, to the people of the land they conquered. The Muslims would also give gifts called stipends to conquered people who helped the Islam’s. The next paragraph will be explaining how Muslims fought for land and how that was important. The Muslims could be said to have fought for land to increase their expansion of their empire. Mainly every Muslim participated to help defeat the opposing army and take control of the land. I think that the Muslims did this because they were very faithful and confident that their God, Allah, would help them. Women would even fight. Many times the opposing army outnumbered them though the Muslims usually defeated them. The Battle of Yarmuk that Document A describes is a good example that shows this. “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Greeks] were put to death,” and “…certain Muslim women took part and fought
Granting of these gifts happened so often that it became a part of government. People who were conquered and accepted the Muslim way of life would usually be granted stipends. If the people rebelled, they would lose the stipends. Nobles would also be granted stipends if the cooperated with the Muslims and help them. Since the nobles would do this, citizens of the conquered nation would follow the noble’s example. This was a good strategy to get people to help the Muslims. If you were a conquered person, you should always follow the Islamic way of like and none others so you would still get the
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
Document C: Fred Donner explains how “… conquest period of granting of gifts, which had been practices by Muhammad, became more regularized and eventually institutionalized.” People who revolted against these “…regimes now did so at the cost of losing the stipends that the regime provided.” This is some of the common knowledge of the Early Islamic Expansion.
The Muslim Empire began to expand vastly under the Umayyads, with the empire becoming so large many people were converting to Islam religion. The Umayyads were the second of the four major caliphates after the death of Muhammad. The Empire used many different ways to spread the Islamic civilization consisting of war, classes, and appeal. The Islamic civilization spread so strongly because of the way it allured the common man.
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
The early Islamic Empire expanded by war. For example the Battle of the Yarmuk (Document A) showed how the Muslims (despite having less people fighting) took the Greeks down. There was about 24,000 Muslims who took part. And in the text it states “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Greeks] were put to death” meaning that the Muslims killed a lot of the Greeks. It also said that the
...still treated equally to Muslims in respect to how the government handled vandals and thieves. By comprehending the needs of defeated Christians, Muslims were able to achieve homage with the Christians and avoid possible uprisings during military expansions of the empire.
For example, the spread of Islam to the Byzantines and the Persians. The other caliphs (Umar, Uthman and Ali) expanded the Islamic empire rapidly and grew faster than any other religion. The Muslims conquered a massive amount of land from the Indus River, across North Africa and into Spain. There were many factors that helped Islam succeed; for example, people would rather fight for God and their salvation instead of fighting for a king, the use of military force by the Muslims and how easy it was to convert to Islam.
Politics is important to any civilization for the reason that it influences how a civilization governs their people and expands their belief system upon its citizens. Both Byzantine and Islamic civilization had used politics in a manner that provided them the success accomplished during their expansion throughout Europe. The Byzantine Empire was a form of an autocratic government that was governed by one ruler at a time, known as an emperor. The emperor had made most of the decisions that pushed the Byzantine regime forward. The Islamic civilization governed its people under one ruler known as a caliph. The caliph had the position as a leader of an Islamic community. The caliph had used Islam to promote his authority over the community and across wider fields. Muhammad used tribal methods of jihad, referred to “holy war”, to expand its authority of the movement. Both ...
1. The three main factors that resulted in the Ottoman expansion of the 14th century were rooted in geopolitics, military technology a nd strategy, and political strategy. The Ottoman capital and center of economics (post-1453) was located at Istanbul, which was not only the geographical “gateway” to Europe, but also connected Asia and Europe, which made Istanbul an extremely important area for commerce and merchants travelling from one continent to the other. Even after the Ottoman takeover of the Byzantines, they were able to expand even more partly due to the capitol and funds gained through commerce in Istanbul. The Ottomans also created an army that was aided by new technologies such as firearms as well as horses, which helped them expand exponentially through the Middle East. The balance within their military, with the Calvary coupled with armed Janissaries, furthered their military might. Lastly, the political strategy of Osman and his heirs helped to further Ottoman goals including expansion.
This shows that Islam protects personal belongings, this may be an appealing to those not in the Islamic faith. The Islamic faith has a property peace and a responsibility to help each other which includes giving to the
The history of Islam is often related to the existence of the Islamic state and empire. From the beginning, Islam existed and spread as a community-state which, consisted of both a faith and political order. Islam was established within the Arabian peninsula, which is an area occupied by pastoral nomads, and on the periphery of the civilized zones. Much of the peninsula is desert, which supported both goat and camel nomadism among peoples called Bedouin. The tribal culture of the Bedouin provided a critical backdrop for the emergence of Islam.
The crusades were a series of military expeditions undergone by the Christian armies of the eleventh and twelfth centuries directed against Muslim controlled areas of the eastern Mediterranean (Cowper 40). Although there were many reasons for the start of the crusades, the main cause was that the Muslim control of the holy land was a disgrace, and considered a threat to Christianity’s livelihood (Toler 140). With the holy cities of Jerusalem and Palestine being in Muslim control Christianity as a whole saw its influence in the world begin to weaken, so the leaders of the Christian religion came together as a entirety and determined it was time to regain their beloved holy land through means of force (Daniels 152).
Fighting for their religion and for Allah, the Muslims stood their ground and in turn they were rewarded by Allah. They could have easily avoided the battle or ran away in fear and nervousness, yet they stayed to protect their religion. During the battle, they did not “…alter by any alteration. That Allah may reward the truthful for their truth and punish the hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful,” (33:23-24), suggesting that they won due to Allah’s help.
The Mamluks, or slave soldiers, of the Muslim Empire, had one of the largest impacts on the Middle East, after the birth of Islam. The Mamluk loyalty and combative prowess, engendered by the institution’s social cycle, provided the backbone of Islamic military power and led to triumphs that forever altered the course of Islamic history. In this essay, I will explore the importance and development of the Mamluk allegiance and ability, key victories, and their eventual rise to power as a kingdom borne of former slaves. The beginnings of the Mamluk institution are lost in the fog of history, though their existence is first mentioned as early as the Umayyad reign(661-750).
Have you ever thought about how the Muslim culture grew so colossal? This was due to the vast Muslim empires that ruled during the Middle Ages that expanded land under Islam. One of these empires and perhaps the most impactful was the Abbasid Empire. The Abbasid Empire had a glorious reign as one of the most influential and longest dynasties. Their reign had a span of three centuries starting in 750 and ending in 1258.