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Expansion of the Islamic empire
First global civilization: the rise and spread of islam
Expansion of islam
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From the three documents provided, Documents A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified), document B: Treaty of Tudmir (Modified) and document C: Fred Donner, I think that the Early Islamic Empire expanded with war, truce, and rare peace. The Empire changed dramatically through the years.
The spread of Islam was from 632-661. The battle in al-Yarmuk was of the fiercest and bloodiest. According to Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified), “Among them was Hind, daughter of ‘Utbah and mother of Mu’awuvah ibn-abi-Sufyan, who repeatedly exclaimed, “Cut the arms of those non-Muslims with your swords!” This can mean that the Muslims took pride in the fight and fought bravely. With this pride in place, “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Greeks} were put to death…” Through the battle, “they reached as far as Palestine, Antioch, Aleppo, Mesopotamia, and Armenia.”
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From Document B: Treaty of Tudmir (Modified), “We [Abd al-Aziz’s forces] will not harass him [Theodmir], nor remove him from power.” This means that the Abd al-Aziz’s forces have respect for Theodmir.
It is also similar to a cause and effect circumstances. “He and [each of] his men shall [also] pay one dinar every year, together with four measures of wheat, four measure of barley,…”
Document C: Fred Donner explains how “… conquest period of granting of gifts, which had been practices by Muhammad, became more regularized and eventually institutionalized.” People who revolted against these “…regimes now did so at the cost of losing the stipends that the regime provided.” This is some of the common knowledge of the Early Islamic Expansion.
The Early Islamic Empire was a place with Muslims, Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and other very significant phenomenonical things
happened.
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
Muslim cities, both capitols and non-capitols, have a very important role in the Post-Classical Muslim society which include the spread of the Islamic faith throughout the eastern world, and Trade amongst Muslim and Non-Muslim cities. This allows them to flourish and be so much more technically advanced then other places at the time.
Islam continued to spread by making the idea of being a Muslim sound great. The Muslim Empire didn’t force any Muslims to pay taxes(Doc 1). The idea of changing religions made a lot of sense money wise. The change to Islam was not a large difference, pray more, and eat a little less during sun up. The idea of going to paradise after your death seemed Marvelous (Doc 2). It also gave you an idea about fighting for the Muslim Army, if you died, you would be taken to Heaven with Allah and his Apostle. To some
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
One of the reasons why Islam spread so quickly was because of the trading that was happening about the time islam first began. The people how were trading goods with the muslims would spread the word about muhammad in their home towns. Muhammad lived in Mecca, which was a very important and rich town . Mecca was a major crossroads for for the caravan trade. Everything from silk to spices came through Mecca. People from every direction came to Mecca to trade. Muhammad and his followers would tell the traders about Islam and some
Had refusing the treaty that America tried to force on them hurt the Plateau Indians severely? Did retaliation cause them to almost come to complete annihilation? My position is that yes, the Plateau Indians made a bad decision when they refused the treaty by the United States, and that more of the Indians would have survived if they’d just moved on to the reservation like they were asked. None of the Yakima Wars would have happened if the Indians would’ve just extinguished their pride, and went peacefully onto a reservation where their people did not have to worry about fighting the whites. The main cause of this conflict was the desire of the United States citizens to move west. If they hadn’t believed in Manifest Destiny, and had the pioneers and government not wanted Indian territory, the treaty would have never been made and the Indians wouldn’t have retaliated the way they did.
The early Islamic Empire expanded by war. For example the Battle of the Yarmuk (Document A) showed how the Muslims (despite having less people fighting) took the Greeks down. There was about 24,000 Muslims who took part. And in the text it states “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Greeks] were put to death” meaning that the Muslims killed a lot of the Greeks. It also said that the
Indians and Whites have always had a fragile relationship that could ignite into a war within days. One point in history where we see this take place is during the Yamasee War. The Yamasee War is a product of a broken relationship. Historians such as William Ramsey have examined the Yamasee War and hypothesized why the Indians went to war against South Carolina. Ramsey’s book, The Yamasee War, pinpoints various conflicts that may have started the war. These conflicts piled on top of each other and lead the Indians to their breaking point. The war was over all ignited by the flame of a broken relationship that led the Native Americans to ineffectively make a coalition to go against the English.
We see in the mid-7th century the Muslim Invasions conquering Cathage, Alexandria, and Spain. By the Muslims increasing their empire, this led to a spread not only people, but also Islam. The Sunnah encourages Muslims to trade and make money to support themselves, such
The early Islamic empire expanded drastically. This happened due to conquering done by the Muslim people. Evidence of this being a contribution towards the expansion of the empire is on Document A. It states, “The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them.” This shows that the Muslim army fought and that they were strong, playing a big role in the expansion of Islam.
Streusand, Douglas E. Islamic Gunpowder Empires Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. Boulder, Colo: Westveiw Press, 2011.
hammed. Byzantine and the Muslims worlds were the very first in the western world to base their governing off of their monotheistic beliefs. The religion of Islam began in Mecca, however the beginning of the Muslim period started with Mohammed’s voyage from Mecca to Medina. The religion quickly spread from India to Spain.
Islam is a major world religion. Its origin can be traced back to 610 CE in Arabia. The basis of this religion is the revelations to the prophet Mohammad. Dissatisfied with his life, he traveled to deserts, hills, and the wilderness surrounding Mecca, where he lived, to meditate and reflect. He became a new man through his revelations, which many of his followers believe Allah transmitted to him through his angel Gabriel. Islam was originally an Arab religion, but many different beliefs and practices were added to it, making it extremely popular and aiding in its rapid spread. This new religion spread to many different areas surrounding Arabia, both under Mohammad and after his death. The Muslim Empire grew to encompass Spain and the Eastern Roman Empire as well Persia and Africa. Many different practices and methods were used to spread Islam. The religion itself was appealing to, in addition to the inhabitants of Arabia, other people in the surrounding areas because of its distinct religious beliefs and practices, such as the five pillars, as well as the humility and prayerfulness of the Islamic people. They fought cruel, vicious wars with their enemies. Many different things motivated the warriors to expand, but above all, the riches they would gain from the people of the Fertile Crescent encouraged them to expand.
By the first half of the ninth century, under the Caliph al-Mutasim,
The Abbasid period played a pivotal role in the history of the Middle East, the Islamic world and beyond. An influence so great that historians have identified that period as a shining time in Islamic history. “During the first two centuries of Abbasid rule, the Muslim world became the seat of great cultural activity.” (IW- p.85) In order to better understand how the Abbasid period played a pivotal role in Middle East history, and beyond, one needs to explore how this dynasty came into power and the dynamics behind its spread that continue to have an impact on modern society.