Lab Report for Seed Dispersal Lab- Preston Davis
Introduction:
When a plant is ready to reproduce, it must use a seed dispersal method to allow its seeds to have a better chance of growing in a suitable area away from the parent plant. Different plants have different methods of seed dispersal. For example, the Javan cucumber (Alsomitra macrocarpa) uses glider-shaped wings that are part of the seed to allow the seed to land far away from its origin. The main ways that seeds are dispersed are by water, animals, and wind.
One way that seeds are dispersed is by water. These seeds are protected by a thick outer layer to allow the inner parts of the seed to float through the water without being damaged. An example of seed dispersal by water can be
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In some cases, an animal will eat the seed, and because of a protective layer, the seed will not be damaged during digestion. When the animal then excretes the seed, the seed will have been transported to a location more suitable. Plants that use this method are the raspberry bush and the sea grape. In other cases, the seed will latch on to an animal’s fur, feet, or body, which is showed by many species of burrs.
The first method to seed dispersal is by wind. Common ways that seeds travel through the wind are helicopter shaped seeds, parachute like extrusions, wings, or balls, such as a tumbleweed. Helicopter shaped seeds, such as the whirling nut, use propeller-like protrusions from the seed to slow the falling time and rely on wind to carry them for long distances. The western salsify uses a parachute shaped structure that works like the helicopter method, except the parachute slows the seed down with the wind by catching the air. The Javan cucumber uses wings to glide in circular motions safely down to the forest
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The data for this lab was taken from Table 1. The highest time that was recorded for the glider method was only 4.10 seconds, and the longest distance traveled for the seed was 283 centimeters. Looking at Figure 1, time varied from 2.41 seconds to 4.10 seconds which indicates that 100% of the data for time was greater than the control group but less than five seconds. It can be inferred that using the glider method for seed dispersal increases the time taken for the seed to reach the ground. It can also be inferred that a different design for the glider could have made it possible to reach five seconds. According to Figure 2, there was a great variation in distance, ranging from 27 centimeters from the starting point to 283 centimeters. The variation shows the importance of the variance of the landing spots of the seeds in nature, because if all the seeds landed the same distance away from the point of origin, less seeds would have a chance of growing in a habitable area. About 30.4% of the trials had a greater distance traveled than the control group. A possible reason for the low amount of trials that surpassed the control group in distance was the lack of wind because of the tests being indoors. Also, wind could increase the time that the glider stays in the air, which
We used wheatgrass were 40 wheatgrass seeds, two empty pots, soil, and water. We first added soil for both pots and 20 wheatgrass seeds in each pot. My partner and I decided that we label pot one experiment which is “sugar and water” and pot two control which is “water” only. The experiment was for almost four weeks we had to make sure both get the same room temperature and water, so we can see the results after this amount of time. Both pots had same room temperature so both can have the same amount of sunlight also, the same amount of water which is a glass of water from the sink once a week. In the experiment pot we added a glass of water with one teaspoon of sugar and the control pot glass of water. Every week we used to see both pots grow almost the same. At the end of the experiment, my partner and I measured the length for both plants and we recorded the average for each plant, so we can know the rate of growth
...ough genetic variability is generally a good quality, sometimes plant characteristics that are considered favorable by commercial propagators can be lost through genetic mutation during sexual reproduction of seed propagation. Also, sexual propagation through seeds is not always feasible for commercial propagators because of the length of time from germination until you have a fully developed plant (Horticulture, 2014).
Every student in a lab section planted eight seeds, two in each cell in a quad, to make sure that we had at least one plant for each week for 4 weeks. After planting the seeds we put the plants on a water mat tray to make
UXL Encyclopedia of Science (2002), stated that seeds are a part of plant. It can be the cause for a new plant. When plants grow they will produce another set of seeds until the plants spread through the given space to them.
technology. When they wanted to plant or to crush the seeds that they have gathered they used a
Find a container for proper storage. This container has to be completely clean and moisture proof. It is best to do away with papers and cotton because these materials can be very absorbent of water. Keeping the seeds in a cool, dry jar will eliminate any risk for the seeds to rot or to develop some molds. The storage place should not be exposed under direct sunlight.
Acer palmatum has many different varieties that have different colors, leaf shapes, and growth habits. The tree openly pollinates, which means that seeds from a specific cultivar will not be an exact clone of the parent tree. For this reason, propagation f...
Planting a wicked seed will grow onto become a tree and as the growth progresses, so does the
This gave rise to nonvascular plants like, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. The second period of plant evolution began 425 million years ago was the diversification of plants with vascular tissue allowing plants to grow much taller and rise above the ground. The next period of plant evolution is the origin of seeds, about 360 million years ago. Seeds are embryos packed along with food in a protective covering. Last is flowering plants about 140 million years ago, which is seeds within protective chambers called ovaries. Animal evolution begins when an animals egg and sperm fuse, producing a zygote. The zygote splits by mitosis and forms an blastula, which usually is a hollow ball of cells. One side of the blastula folds in forming a gastrula, which develops into an embryo with a two-layered wall and an opening on one end. After the gastrula stage animals develop into
Dear Cereal Company President- According to our investigations, observations(data) and research from our PBIS textbook we recommend that if you want a slow and stable falling whirligig then the whirligig needs two paper clips on the stem and long blades.
There is limited information in the literature on propagation of A. spicata. Dirr and Heuser (2006) found that warm and cold stratification of seeds promoted germination, although associated durations are not available. Softwood stem cuttings of A. spicata have also been successful when rooted in sandy soil, but the types of growth hormones and/or concentrations were not included (Dirr and Heuser,
Who doesn’t like a suspenseful and tragedy story? I mean, if the wine is involved in a story, you know that it´s going to be a thriller story. The “Cask of Amontillado” is a well-written story which has a good setting that helps the reader to understand the plot, and many symbols, imagery, and irony related to each character of the story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote this story focusing on revenge and suspense. Poe starts his story, letting the reader know that Montresor is mad with Fortunato and wants revenge because he felt that Fortunato insulted his family. He adds suspense to the story because the reader knows that Montresor wants revenge, but we never know what Montresor is trying to do with Fortunato. Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known novelist,
To delve into the clockwork of this technology we must start from the beginning. A plant starts its life as a single celled organism; the sperm within pollen fertilizes an egg. This egg (cell) divides to form the tissues and organs of a species. As development proceeds cells grow unique of one another and change. Different cells make up different things (ex cells in the stalk of the plant are much different than those of the piston) and these differences are attributed to the fact the different amounts of proteins in each cell.
Biotic ways would be animals or Homo sapiens (humans). Animals disperse seeds (zoochory) in many ways because of this plants take advantage of animals and their ability to move, to help them disperse their seeds away from the parent plant. One way for the dispersal to happen if the animal were to ingest the seed, then the seed would be passed in their faeces (endozoochory) (2) such as strawberries, raspberries and nuts. Another would be for the seeds to get tangled in the animal’s fur or feathers and hitch a ride to another location, where it will eventually fall or be rubbed off by the animal, such as goose grass or sticky weed (3).
Seeds can move in many different in which some are by water, animals, and wind. The most easiest to conduct would be the wind and that is why we are using wind as the type of dispersal for the seed. In animals, seeds can be dispersed by barbs or other structures that can get tangled in the animal fur and the animals take the seed some other place until the seed gets untangled. Another way the animals can disperse seeds is when the seeds is digested and dropped through the anal after digesting the seed. Some animals bury seeds in the ground. Examples of these animals that do these type of seed dispersing include squirrels, birds, snails, and catfish. Water can disperse seeds by