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Racial discrimination in the black community
Effects of stereotypes and discriminations
Effects of stereotypes and discriminations
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Colorism in Communities In the 1940s, psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark designed and conducted a series of experiments known colloquially as “the doll tests” to study the psychological effects of segregation on African-American children. In this experiment, four dolls were used, identical except for color, to test children’s racial perceptions. Their subjects, children between the ages of three to seven, were asked to identify both the race of the dolls and which color doll they prefer. The white children preferred the white dolls and assigned positive characteristics to them. When the black children were asked about the dolls they also had positive things to say about the dolls with the lighter complexion. Then when they were asked which …show more content…
Many individuals are affected by it on a daily basis. For example, David Knight, a high school teacher in Boston wrote a blog about his experiences with colorism in his workplace. Knight admitted that he is very uncomfortable with how frequent his students use coloristic terms. He mentioned that he has often overheard his students referring to others as “light-skinned” or “dark-skinned”. As an African American himself, Knight did not understand why these students identified, categorized, and stereotyped their peers based on skin tone. Since Knight had grown up as an African American in Louisiana, he says that he is “used to ideas of white superiority, but [he] did not expect that so many young people of diverse ethnicities—including Dominicans, Puerto Ricans and Cape Verdeans—would actively engage in everyday forms of skin-color bias” (Knight). Colorism in the United States is not just limited to the African American community. Much like Knight, Eddie Fergus, an assistant professor of education at New York University conducted a study on Latino high school males. Fergus found that Mexican and Puerto Rican males with white-looking skin are perceived as white and sometimes treated more favorably, while boys of the same ethnicity who had darker complexions are perceived as black and often experience …show more content…
Norhan Amani, a young girl growing up in India shared some of her experiences with colorism on her blog. She mentioned that when she was growing up in a South Asian community, she frequently heard comments about “forsha”, or lighter skin, and “kaalo” or darker colored skin. When she would take trip back to her home in Bangladesh her relatives would compliment her “forsha” complexion. She expressed that these comments “made [her] squirm uncomfortably”, but she never thought much of it until she grew older (Amani). She then realized that lighter complexions were constantly being looked to as ideal, while individuals with darker skin tones were being degraded. While the exact origins of colorism in the Indian subcontinent are unknown, it can be attributed to many different reasons. In the pre-colonial era, the wealthy did not have to toil outside like the peasants and workers, and therefore often had lighter complexions. This led lighter skin to be equated with higher social castes and classes. After Europeans started colonizing the Indian subcontinent, they started enforcing the idea of themselves being the master race. This further led many South Asians to consider lighter skin and European-like features more desirable. Amani also explains in her blog post that advertisements for skin-lightening creams, such as Fair and Lovely, are rampant. She further explains that, “these ads often depict women who are unable to get a job or
E. D. Hirsch and Lisa Delpit are both theorist on teaching diverse students. Both of these theorist believe that when teaching diverse students, teachers need to see their students for who they are. Seeing your students for who they are, means you look past the color of your students’ skin and recognize their culture. According to Stubbs, when teachers look at their students equally, no matter the color of their skin, then the teacher is considered colorblind (2002). Being colorblind is not a great thing because we should not treat all of our students the same, since each student is different. It is important to see our students for who they are because our classes are unique. Instead, our classes represent a rainbow underclass. According to Li, the rainbow underclass is the representation of families who are culturally diverse and economically disadvantaged (2008). In order to meet these student’s needs, teachers need to think about the struggles that each student face.
It was at this point in life where Sarah Jane truly thought white was beautiful. This was solely because majority of the boys growing up complimented Susie on her looks and the fact that Sarah Jane correlated Lora’s financial status with her skin color. In Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s doll test, these psychologists tested children at their keen developmental stages (ages 3-7) to see how they viewed race (LDF). Performed during the same time as the setting of this movie, it was concluded that children were fonder of the lighter to white dolls because of societal views. As stated before, during this time period white people were seen to be superior to all other races. Just like in the movie, when Sarah Jane’s self-esteem was low because she felt as if Susie and Lora were better than her because they were white and well off financially, the children in the study felt the same. In the study, the results showed that children correlated positive attributes to the lighter to white dolls and negative connotations to those of the darker complexions. Kenneth and Mamie Clark concluded that this was primarily due to both segregation and discrimination, which ultimately lessened the self-esteem of other races and made them feel inferior to whites (LDF). Like this study, the movie Imitation of Life shows how segregation and discrimination negatively affected Sarah Jane, which results in her passing herself as a white woman
Next, Institutional or systemic racism refers to the laws, policies, practices, rules and procedures that operate within organisations, societal structures and the broader community to the advantage of the dominant group or groups and to the detriment and disadvantage of other groups. Institutional racism may be intentional or unintentional. Jim Crowe is a great example of institutional racism. Jim Crow laws were the name of the racist caste system put in place to segregate African Americans, Hispanics and any ethnic minority. Theses laws made it so non whites could not integrate with minorities. These laws applied to hospitals, buses, toilets and drinking fountains and restaurants. For example Buses: All passenger stations in this state operated
During the mid-twentieth century African Americans were at the lowermost tier of society's hierarchy. However within the black race, there was a further social division between lighter-skinned and darker-skinned African Americans. A black individual with more Caucasian features signified high status and beauty which was sought after by members of the African American community (Dibleck). In Zora Neale Hurston's novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the author uses Janie Crawford to depict how colorism affected African Americans on both sides of the skin color spectrum. By demonstrating the attitude society (mostly men) had towards skin color, the author displays the realities of being an African American in the early 1900s and the deep racial divide within the black race.
Spike Lee (Shelton Jackson Lee) wrote and directed a film called School Daze. The film is all about colorism in the black community and how college life portrays racial discrimination between light and dark skinned African Americans. There is a musical scene called “Good or Bad Hair” and there is light and dark skinned women on each side talking about each other. For example, the light skinned women are seen or known as “wanna be’s”. Whereas the dark skinned women are seen as “jigga boo’s, tryin’ to find something’ to do!” (Spike). Colorism comes from history and during the slavery times. How can we (African Americans) fight against other people about racism and other things when we have issues in our own ethnicity? Does a dark skinned African
Race as a factor in inequity. Ladson-Billings and Tate (1995) posit that race continues to be a significant factor in determining inequity in the United States. Race matters in society. If we look at high school drop out, suspension, and incarceration rates of men of color in America we see a disproportionate amount of men of color marginalized and profiled by society. This is further compounded by the perception that male faculty of color cannot be educators or at least are not often conceptually visualized in that capacity (Bryan and Browder, 2013).
However, this general knowledge is not apparent to White people. Similar to microaggressions, John F. Dovidio discusses the concept of aversion racism, “a subtle, often unintentional form of bias that characterizes many White Americans who possess strong egalitarian values and who believe that they are nonprejudiced” (90). Eduardo Bonilla-Silva and Sue both demonstrate from their research that Whites do not comprehend the impact of their unconscious biases. These biases towards students of colour in a white-based post-secondary school environment can result in stress and weak interracial relationships. This is an issue since the significance of these everyday actions are not fully recognized and acknowledged. I will elaborate on a variety of examples, specifically the influence of the peers, and
Individual Racism- the belief that one’s own race is superior to another (racial prejudice) and behavior that suppresses members of the so called inferior race (racial discrimination). An example of individual racism in the scenario is Ms. Welch's description of how Native Indian children were taken from their communities and placed in schools away from their families. This was done in with the belief by the White European culture was superior and the desire to drive out the Native Indian traditions in future generations.
Your skin pigment or the amount of melanin in you skin has the ability to change your whole outlook on life and determines if you will possibly have fewer or more challenges to face during your lifespan. The amount for melanin that an individual has according to society can determine if you are either the ugly duckling through societies eyes or if you are a beautiful swan. In this short paper I will be discussing the Dark Girls documentary.
The Association of Black Psychologist (ABP) (2013) defines colorism as skin-color stratification. Colorism is described as “internalized racism” that is perceived to be a way of life for the group that it is accepted by (ABP 2013). Moreover, colorism is classified as a persistent problem within Black American. Colorism in the process of discriminatory privileges given to lighter-skinned individuals of color over their darker- skinned counterparts (Margret Hunter 2007). From a historical standpoint, colorism was a white constructed policy in order to create dissention among their slaves as to maintain order or obedience. Over the centuries, it seems that the original purpose of colorism remains. Why has this issue persisted? Blacks have been able to dismantle the barriers faced within the larger society of the United States. Yet, Blacks have failed to properly address the sins of the past within the ethnic group. As a consequence of this failure, colorism prevails. Through my research, I developed many questions: Is it right that this view remain? How does valuing an individual over another cause distribution to the mental health of the victims of colorism? More importantly, what are the solutions for colorism? Colorism, unfortunately, has had a persisted effect on the lives of Black Americans. It has become so internalized that one cannot differentiate between the view of ourselves that Black Americans adopted from slavery or a more personalized view developed from within the ethnicity. The consequences of this internalized view heightens the already exorbitant mental health concerns within the Black community, but the most unfortunate aspect of colorism is that there is contention on how the issue should be solved.
In the research done by Elliot, the children identified the white dolls as the nice or pretty dolls while the black dolls were considered bad or ugly. During some parts of the study the researcher asked why the doll was the bad doll to which the child would respond with because its black.
Racism in the dictionary is defined as the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. Since the 1600’s, when African-Americans were brought to America, there has been discrimination ever since. Although in today’s modern society, there is a diverse amount of cultures combined together, racism is still showing through everyday activities including fashion and work.
In the video, Shadeism part 1, main points that were made expressed that darkness was bad and lightness was good. The color of your skin determines how you are looked and interpreted as whether you are beautiful of not. Women from different regions face the same challenges when it comes to shadeism because members of their society see darkness as a negative thing instead of positive. Many women share the same belief that being light or becoming lighter automatically changes your life for the better. Bleaching is common amongst many because the ultimate goal is to be lighter than what you are. The hate of being dark or looking down on darkness starts at home, but it is also highly engrained in our societies. Terms such as colonialism and pigmentocracy
Bandura held an experiment what is known at the Bobo Doll experiment using seventy two children all together thirty six boys and thirty six girls ranging from the ages of three to six. Bandura broke the children up into three different groups. Group A consisted of twelve boy and twelve girls, they watched a male and female hit, punch, and kick the Bobo doll. Group B consisted of another twelve boys and twelve girls watched a male and female play nice with the Bobo dole. However group C that consisted of twelve boys and twelve girls did not watch either. Each group was put in another room that was filled with toys, games, and a Bobo doll for twenty minutes. Group A when in the room imitated what they saw the other male and female doing to the Bobo doll such as hitting and kicking the doll for no reason. Group B and Group C where fine and played nice with BoBo. (Albert Bandura, 1963)
Colorism also knows as discrimination based on color, is a habit whereby preference is given to light skin people, over dark skinned people. In this system, Lighter skinned people are usually treated more favorably. Although it could be seen as a remnant of racism, colorism should not necessarily be confused with racism, as it is more of an issue of skin complexion rather than race, as colorism can be seen amongst the African-American community, and sometimes in East Asian cultures. One cannot help but ask; How does colorism affect individuals in a population. The hierarchy that values light skin complexions over dark skin complexions is an unfair and unjust act that can affect individuals socially, physically, mentally and psychology. This