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Does rehabilitative services affect recidivism of prisoners
Rehabilitation programs in prisons: are they effective why or why not
The effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation for prisoners
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The population of ex-offenders comes from all walks of life: youths, adults and elderlies. Ex-offenders generally refer to people who have committed an illegal act and served their sentence in prisons, homes or rehabilitation centres, and are released to continue their life. In the year 2013, there were 529 reported crime cases per 100,000 population in Singapore (Singapore Police Force, 2014, para. 3). Also, more than 9,000 offenders are released from prisons, homes and drug rehabilitation centres (DRCs) every year after serving their sentences (Yellow Ribbon Project, 2008, para. 1). It is heart-breaking to know that once released, these ex-offenders may find themselves literally stepping into another prison. The community may discriminate and distrust them due to their past imprisonment, and become more suspicious, forming invisible bars of a second prison. This can be more unbearable and punishing than the prison sentence itself. I am sure everybody makes mistakes in life and sometimes good people make bad and wrong choices. Previously, they may have committed their offense out of sudden craving for thrill, peer pressure or uncertainty. Nonetheless, these past mistakes do not make the ex-offenders a bad person by nature. Also, I think we should not judge someone based of their past. There may be some who are reluctant to lead a new life and fall back into a life of crimes but at the same time, there are also others who are trying really hard to turn over a new leaf and get accepted into the society. Hence, I am particularly interested in the population group of ex-offenders as I feel that these ex-offenders deserve our help and support to reintegrate into the society. An estimated figure of one in four inmates are repeated o... ... middle of paper ... ... are still unable to get a job, sharing their life stories and current work situations. Through these talks, the jobless ex-offenders would be able to understand the obstacles and challengers faced while trying to reintegrate into the society, and hence be more mentally prepared. For those giving the talks, they can feel a sense of self-fulfilment as they are deemed to have successfully attain acceptance into the society and are given the opportunity to impact the life of other ex-offenders. To sum up, I strongly feel that ex-offenders should be given a second chance in life. The CARE network and SCORE are examples of macrosystem services provided to ex-offenders in aiding their reintegration into our community. We, as the exosystem of the society, can extend these help by not discriminating the ex-offenders and welcoming them into our community with open arms.
When an offender is sentenced to imprisonment, post sentencing considerations must be made based on an evaluation of the individual and this will determine the manner in which the prison sentence is served. Post sentencing considerations include security classifications, parole and continued detention orders. These offer different levels of incapacity, accessibility of rehabilitation programs and incentives for good behaviour, and are implicated in order to achieve justice through upholding the rights of the victim, the offender and the wider community.
Wormith, J. S., Althouse, R., Simpson, M., Reitzel, L. R., Fagan, T. J., & Morgan, R. D. (2007). The rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders: The current landscape and some future directions for correctional psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(7), 879-892.
This research study will address the on-going issues of reducing recidivism, and the need to help ex-offenders succeed in society post incarceration. While literature pertaining to this topic of reducing recidivism is available, such literature tends to be written by elites and/or individuals who have never been incarcerated. Our study will provide first hand authentic answers regarding how to reduce recidivism.
Policymakers on the national, state, and local levels are always finding ways to improve the nature of the reentry process. The reentry process starts in correctional facilities and helps inmates prepare themselves for release and proceeds with their transition back into society as law-abiding citizens. In comparison to the average American, ex-offenders tend to be less educated, less likely to gain employment, suffer from substance abuse, or have been diagnosed with a mental illness. All of these aspects discussed are shown to be risk factors for recidivism, which is the tendency that causes criminals to re-offend. Generally, the offender reintegration process needs to be improved by properly monitoring the outcomes for reentry programs in order to return prisoners back to society safely.
The book titled Beyond Bars: Rejoining Society After Prison offers invaluable lessons of how both men and women may successfully depart prison and return to society. The book was written by Jeffrey Ross and Stephen Richards, both of whom are college professors and criminal justice experts. The population of prisons across the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades despite overall crime rates decreasing during the same time period. Approximately seven million American people are in some form of correctional custody. Between the years1980 and 2000, America’s prison population increased by 500 percent. During the same time period, the number of prisons grew by 300 percent (Ross and Richards, xii). Close to 50 percent of people admitted to confinement have previously served time, exemplifying that the criminal justice system “recycles” inmates through the system again and again (Ross and Richards, xi). Unfortunately, many convicts simply do not remember how to or are ill-equipped to return to society once their sentence ends. Ross and Richards, through their valuable lessons within their book, seek to lessen the problems that ex-prisoners may face when released from prison.
A 40-year-old serial rapist, a 12 year old young boy having consensual sex with his girlfriend. What do both of these individuals have in common? They can both be subjected under the Canadian sex offenders registry. However, when a rapist suddenly slides off the map and commits more crimes under the radar, one begins to question the effectiveness of the registry, and what can be done to develop it’s quality and accuracy. Another question which seems to badger Canadian society today is that relating to whether a minor should be a registrant at all, no matter what their crime, Canada has a strong belief in rehabilitation. Rehabilitate, and develop, both of the utmost substance when observing the ways in which a sex offender registry are and can be beneficial to society, whilst respecting the criminal code.
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of ex-offender reentry. Factors contributing to recidivism include law enforcement officers mistrust for reentry prisoners; lack of familial and community support; difficulties gaining employment due to criminal background, obstacles pertaining to housing. Factors that may reduce recidivism, increase public safety and facilitate ex-offender reintegration transitions, as well as detrimental factors of recidivism are examined. Lastly, the important role of parole officers for ex-offenders and the level of supervision ex-offenders receive are also explored in this paper.
"Too many Americans go to too many prisons for far too long, and for no good law-enforcement reason … Although incarceration has a role to play in our justice system, widespread incarceration at the federal, state and local levels is both ineffective and unsustainable. . . We need to ensure that incarceration is used to punish, deter and rehabilitate – not merely to convict, warehouse and forget"(Holder). Former Attorney General Eric Holder does not dispute that prisons play an important role in the justice system. He believes that along with punishing the inmate’s prisons should provide them with rehabilitation. With the already overpopulated prison system across the US there should be alternative for lesser nonviolent offences.
In the United States there are 747,000 registered sex offenders. (Snyder) While most sex offenders are male, sometimes sex offenses are committed by female offenders. Sex Offenders who are released from incarceration are required to register in the sex offender registry. The sex offender registry is a system in various states designed to let government authorities keep track of the residence and activities of sex offenders, including those who have completed their criminal sentences. (Wikipedia) Even if the offender has done their time they are still required by law to register, making it hard for the offenders to leave their past and return to everyday life. My paper will make you ask yourself should all sex offenders be required to register or are they deserving of a new path.
The last two goals were set in place to directly assist with anticipating and planning for problems that arose during a prisoners’ reentry process. By implementing the Second Chance Act, the corrections system had begun helping prepare an offender for reentry. More research the corrections system conducted to assist reentry involves the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) that redirected research attention to coordinated approaches for offenders returning to communities like job training and substance abuse programs ("Offender Reentry | National Institute of Justice," n.d.). Communities should embrace ex-inmates back into society.
The reasons as to why individuals desist from crime can range from genetic, environmental, social, or psychophysiological. One belief focuses on the idea that criminals desist from crime through pro-social development and a worthwhile career path. In a study conducted by Aresti, Eatough and Gordon (2010), five ex-offenders participated in interviews about their lives as offenders, and their new found lives as productive members of society. Results show that four major themes emerged from the five men. First “being stuck” in their offending ways, second “defining moments” or moments of self-change, third “life in transition” or moments in the self-change process, and fourth “a new world” which encompasses the men’s new and reformed lives. The men in the study each had defining moments, typically the realization that they were going to be locked up for many years or losing out on time of their lives acted as this defining moment. This produced angst and made the men question their existence;
Rehabilitation also involves programs in prisons that have the goal of helping offenders return back to society (Goff, 2014, p.20). Prisons have also put in place programs to assist inmates, “the goal of these release programs are to ease the transition of offenders from the institution into the community while simultaneously promoting stable employment after release” (Cullen & Jonson, 2011, p.309). If a person has been in an institution for a long period of time it is often hard to adjust to life outside, which is why these programs are important in the justice
“…reintegration requires a connection to the community through employment, education, stable housing, involvement with community- based organizations, and no additional contact with the criminal justice system” (Travis, 2005). However, reintegration becomes difficult when people are locked away from society during a long period of time and are not taught the necessary skills to succeed in a community, “...barriers to reintegration include limited educational attainment and employment opportunities; unstable housing; substance abuse; physical and mental health concerns; family difficulties; and previous criminal history (Iwamoto et al., 2012;
As the current prison structures and sentencing process continues to neglect the issues that current offenders have no change will accrue to prevent recidivism. The issue with the current structure of the prison sentencing process is it does not deal with the “why” the individual is an social deviant but only looks at the punishment process to remove the deviant from society. This method does not allow an offender to return back to society without continuing where they left off. As an offender is punished they are sentenced (removal from society) they continue in an isolated environment (prison) after their punishment time is completed and are released back to society they are now an outsider to the rapidly changing social environment. These individuals are returned to society without any coping skills, job training, or transitional training which will prevent them from continuing down th...
for youngsters who have a long history of convictions for less serious felonies for which the juvenile court disposition has not been effective” (qtd. in Katel).