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Ethics in biomedical research
Ethics in biomedical research
Evidence based practice application
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1. Critically analyze current practice to formulate researchable problems: There are so many issues facing the current practice in the healthcare. It is very important for the providers to identify the problem and conduct the best evidence-based research and apply it into practice to prevent or reduce the identified problems. Conducting a study on one of the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) was a learning experience and it equipped me with the knowledge I need to conduct a research or be part of any research in the future. 2. Evaluate research as the basis for decision-making to improve outcomes through translation into evidence-based practice: Nurses play a big part in making decisions within the healthcare team. The decisions made have important implications for patients’ outcome, hence they should be based on the best available evidence. This class taught me how to integrate research evidence into decision making by identifying and creating a focused clinical question in response to a recognized need, searching for the most appropriate evidence- based research to answer the question, and incorporating the evidence into a strategy for action. 3. Synthesize an understanding of the research process through development …show more content…
Investigate ethical issues related to the conduct of scientific research, including informed consent, data management, data analysis, and protection of human subjects: Ethical considerations are critical when conducting research especially where human subjects are involved. To protect human subjects, most institutions use their Institutional Review Board (IRB) who assist in making sure that human rights are not violated. I learnt that every researcher is obligated to minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly while conducting their research (Grove, Burns, & Gray,
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2011). Understanding nursing research: building an evidence-based practice (5th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier/Saunders
When performing evidence based practice research, the Iowa Model uses a team or individual approach to assist nurses in the journey to quality care. The Iowa Model begins by offering a process of selecting a proper clinical topic, which is often a recurring problematic issue (Polit & Beck, 2012). This topic is formulated as a question to improve a technique or procedure. Once the researcher determines that an ample amount of reported investigation exists on the desired question, information may be gathered and presented for approval (Polit & Beck, 2012). The research may lead to a gradual change in nursing practice.
During the process of research, professionals collect data or identifiable private information through intervention or interaction. While this is a vital part of the scientific and medical fields, every precaution must be taken by researchers to protect the participants' rights. Ethics, outlined by the Belmont report; requirements, described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); and regulations, laid out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are verified by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This procedure assures that all human rights are safeguarded during the entire research process.
The implementation of evidence-based programs is generally quite new in the field of medicine, and it is even more recent in the social sciences field. One point of interest in the development towards evidence-based programs was the foundation of the Food and Drug Administration that is in charge of testing the security and safety of medicinal treatments (Leff, Conley, & Hennessey, 2006). Another point of interest was in the utilization of randomized control studies. It was in 1948 that the first study occurred – examining the adequacy of streptomycin in treating tuberculosis. By the 1960s the quantity of randomized control experiments reached into the hundreds, and in the last ten (10) years there are tens of thousands happening each day (Dodge, 2006). In the field of psychology, which does not have a legislative body inspecting the adequacy of treatments, it is the obligation of those in the field to examine effective and compelling programs. It truly was not until the 1990s that this concept started to expand. The Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Reorganization Act of 1992 assisted with the creation of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), whose part was to help in disseminating research and viable programs/services in regards to issue practices. In 1999, the American Psychological
Evidence-based practice integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for the delivery of optimal health care (qsen.org). Like most medical professions, nursing is a constantly changing field. With new studies being done and as we learn more about different diseases it is crucial for the nurse to continue to learn even after becoming an RN. Using evidence-based practice methods are a great way for nurses and other medical professionals learn new information and to stay up to date on new ways to practice that can be used to better assess
Evidence - Based Nursing, An introduction (2008, p.1) “ At is core evidence based ‘anything’ is concerned with using valid and relevant information in decision making” “high quality research is the most important source of valid information”.
In health care, evidence-based research is crucial. Nurses revolve their practice on evidence so that they may provide the best health care. Without research, there would be no evidence to prove health care related findings (Shmidt & Brown, 2012). With appropriate
For nursing, research has played a major role in the way clinical practice is done. Research has allowed nurses to provide appropriate care to patients. It allows them to perform their job by providing them the tools and information they need in order to make the decisions on the concerns for caring the patient (Polit & Beck, 2006). Moreover, research can also take focus on the workers themselves in order to improve the practice both on a professional and personal level. An example of a study conducted by King, Vidourek, and Schweibert of University of Cincinnati created a study to determine if there is a correlation between ...
It provided a detailed information on the historical background of behavioral and biomedical research, basic concepts, principles, and issues related to research involving human subjects. This course helped me to understand the researcher’s responsibility in protecting the rights of human participants involved in research, with additional protection for pregnant women, children, fetuses, neonates, prisoners and persons with diminished autonomy. The three principles essential to the ethical conduct of research with humans are beneficence, justice, and respect for persons and one should follow these principles when doing research. Also, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) play a major role in safeguarding the rights and
Comparison and Contrast: Prevention and Intervension Programs of Drug Abuse Drug and alcohol abuse severely impacts the society and the economy at large. It leads to social and health problems such as cancers, strokes, metal disorders, driving under the influence, sexual assault, neonatal abstinence syndrome, injuries, crime and STD’s. It is therefore critical for the stakeholders to prevent substance use or identify those already using substances and intervene before it becomes a crisis. Evidence based intervention and prevention programs are carried out before treatment commences. The programs are critical because they delay early use and stop the problem from progressing to another level .
To develop a research question the nurse will review data, brainstorm, and identify related variables (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). My example of a research question is a common problem in the hospital setting, which is hand hygiene. What is the relationship between hand hygiene in the hospital setting and the occurrence of hospital acquired infections (HAI)? Many hospital systems have taken on this quality improvement initiative. The research involved may include observation of medical staff performing proper hand hygiene and collecting statistical data on the occurrence of HAIs (Hickman, 2015).
Due to the influx of individuals voluntarily participating and no harm to participants is a vital concept, ethical norms are a necessary aspect of research (Babbie, 2017, p. 65). Informed consent is a principle requirement necessary to follow to guarantee human subjects are choosing to participate on their own free will and have been fully informed of all the procedures and risks the research project entails. It is vital that all participants are competently able to make the decision regarding participation and have not been coerced by anyone. Also, informing the participants of their right to withdraw involvement at any time ((Walden University, 2015). Moreover, informed consent should include a conversation that includes questions and clarification of the study (Endicott, 2016).
RESEARCH ETHICS INTRODUCTION Research ethics involves the application of basic ethical rules in the different fields of topics, including the scientific research. In which we include design, implementation, human experience, animal experiments, academic scandals etc. There are many ethical issues to be noticed seriously and sociologists need to be aware of having the responsibility to save and secure the actual permission and the interest of humans. But on the other hand, the information discovered and certain moral responsibilities should be maintained towards the participants end and protection should be done for the rights of people in the study or practice as well as their privacy and sensitivity.
Real world settings offer some complexity as the nature of the setting is constantly shifting opening opportunities for unanticipated ethical issues and some unforeseen dilemmas. Autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence, and justice are included in the ethics of research (Pollock, 2012.) The research participants should be allowed to participate on a voluntary basis with full informed consent with the ability to decide against participation at any time. Beneficence and non-maleficence is important in all aspects of psychology and it is no different in research; the research and researchers should cause no harm to the participants. Justice refers to the commitment of the burdens and the benefits for the research being shared equally and no population should be excluded from the ability to take part in the
Related to research involving human subjects, the Belmont Report published in 1979 listed three basic ethical principles, which serve as a basic justification for the many ethical prescriptions and evaluations of human actions. First, respect for persons. This means that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents and that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. This demands that subjects enter into the research voluntarily and with adequate information. Second, beneficence, which means making efforts to secure the subjects’ well-being.