Evaluation of Hannibal as a General

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Evaluation of Hannibal as a General

When Hannibal left Italy in 203 BC "he had filled Italy…with monuments

of his tremendous campaigns"[1]. In this essay I will consider

Hannibal's legacy and what aspects of his personality created these

'monuments.' After research,[2] I have set out some criteria of a

great general and in this essay I will attempt to establish to what

extent Hannibal fulfils these criteria. According to Lazenby, to do

what Hannibal did required "great strategic skill, tactical ingenuity

and sheer force of personality"[3]. I will consider where these

characteristics came from and how he used these characteristics to his

advantage in the Second Punic War.

After Hasdrubal was assassinated Hannibal became general of the

Carthaginian army in Spain. He had had an interesting upbringing as

the son of a popular war hero, Hamilcar. Hamilcar "led the boy

[Hannibal] to the altar and made him solemnly swear…that as soon as he

was old enough he would become an enemy of Rome"[4]. There was some

debate as to whether Hannibal should become commander at this young

age. However "the troops received him [Hannibal] with ominous

enthusiasm, the soldiers feeling that in the person of this young man

Hamilcar himself was restored to them…the same vigour in his look, the

same fire in his eyes"[5]. Indeed one of Hannibal's flaws was,

according to Caven, "his all consuming ambition to excel in all that

his father had taught him…the terrible game of war, the only

worthwhile occupation for a Barca"[6].

This 'game of war' was all about knowing how to be a good general, and

how to defeat the Romans. In my opinion a good general mus...

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[1] Titus Livius (Livy) XXX: 28

[2] An Encyclopaedia Britannica article entitled The Conduct and

Theory of War

[3] Lazenby, page 256

[4] Livy XXI: 1

[5] Livy XXI: 2

[6] Caven, page 86

[7] Polybius III: 17

* However, it was never Hannibal's plan to cross the Alps. This aspect

of the journey occurred because of Scipio's blocking of the normal

route.

[8] An Encyclopaedia Britannica article entitled The Conduct and

Theory of War

[9] Polybius III: 67

[10] Polybius III: 70

[11] Polybius III: 70

[12] Pamela Bradley, page 138

[13] Polybius III: 78

[14] Polybius III: 80

[15] Polybius III: 80

[16] Polybius III: 48

[17] Polybius III: 17

[18] Livy XXII: 51

[19] Poybius XV: 12

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