Evaluating the role, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Sense Perception and Intuition in Dan Ariely’s TED talk, “Are we in control of our decisions?” Sense Perception is a way of knowing in which a person can acquire knowledge using their five senses - taste, touch, sight, sound and smell. Sense perception is an important in our understanding of the world, and is a source of much of the pleasure in our lives. But, can we trust our senses to give us the truth? This may come out as an odd question to many because according to experience and history it is known that humans greatly rely on sense perception as a means of survival. However, like all ways of knowing, sense perception has its weakness; our senses can easily be deceived. In his TED Talk, “Are we in control of our decisions?” behavioral economist Dan Ariely uses examples and optical illusions to demonstrate the roles, strengths and limitations of sense perception as a way of knowing. The simple optical illusions used by Ariely show us just how easily our senses can lead our judgments to be distorted. The first illusion was an animation of Shepard’s Tables; an example of size-constancy expansion first published by Roger Shepard as “Turning the Tables”. We know the two tables are the same length but yet why does one table appear to be longer than the other? In this case it is because the angles suggest depth and perspective and the brain wrongly believes one table is longer and while the other in shorter. It is interesting that despite us knowing that the tables are in fact the same length, we still perceive them to be different lengths; despite us knowing the truth, we could not get our minds to see reality as it really is. In the second example, Ariely shows the ... ... middle of paper ... ...her than the actual decision maker. This shows how severely our irrational decision-making can be influenced by only small changes. This begs the question; can we really trust our often-irrational intuition to make correct decisions? Or is it necessary that we use the more time-consuming rational decision-making every time we are faced with a difficult or complicated decision? I believe intuition can be used to make correct decisions when the situation is known, understood or believed by instinct. However, when the situation is more complex, has broad implications and is not that common, as in the case of the organ donation example, intuition should not be used as it will lead to conclusions and outcomes that may not actually be desired by the decision-maker. Rather, when faced with difficult situations, intuition and reason should be used in conjunction. Through
In his article “Opt-out organ donation without presumptions”, Ben Saunders is writing to defend an opt-out organ donation system in which cadaveric organs can be used except in the case that the deceased person has registered an objection and has opted-out of organ donation. Saunders provides many arguments to defend his stance and to support his conclusion. This paper will discuss the premises and elements of Saunders’ argument and how these premises support his conclusion. Furthermore, this paper will discuss the effectiveness of Saunders’ argument, including its strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, it will discuss how someone with an opposing view might respond to his article,
Organ sales and donation are a controversial topic that many individuals cannot seem to agree upon. However, if someone close; a family member, friend, or someone important in life needed a transplant, would that mindset change? There are over one hundred and nineteen thousand men, women, and children currently waiting on the transplant list, and twenty-two of them die each day waiting for a transplant (Organ, 2015). The numbers do not lie. Something needs to be done to ensure a second chance at life for these individuals. Unfortunately, organ sales are illegal per federal law and deemed immoral. Why is it the government’s choice what individuals do with their own body? Organ sales can be considered an ethical practice when all sides of the story are examined. There are a few meanings to the word ethical in this situation; first, it would boost the supply for the
As a recipient of many prestigious awards, including a Nobel Prize, psychologist Daniel Kahneman has worked rigorously for nearly 45 years to advance the way in which we understand human cognitive processes. Kahneman and his long time colleague, Amos Tversky, began working together in the 1970s and almost immediately began making an impact within the field of behavioral economics. These contributions centered around the notion of human irrationality, or the basis we subconsciously use to make decisions each day. Beginning with their discovery of anchoring effect, Kahneman and Tversky went on to uncover many intuitive theories that helped evolve the field of behavioral economics into what it is today. Of equal importance, Kahneman produced
Berkeley introduces his water experiment in order to demonstrate that in perception the perceiver does not reach the world itself but is confined to a realm of representations or sense data. We will attempt to demonstrate that Berkeley's description of our experience at the end of the water experiment is inauthentic, that it is not so much a description of an experience as a reconstruction of what we would experience if the receptor organs (the left and right hands) were objects existing in a space partes extra partes. Our argument is that there is nothing in our experience of the illusion to suggest that under normal conditions perception does not reach the world itself.
According to United Network for Organ Sharing (2010) organ donations and transplantation are the removal of organs and tissues from one person and placed into another person’s body. The need for organ transplantation usually occurs when the recipient organ has failed (UNOS, 2010). Organ donation can save the lives of many individuals who are on the waiting list for an organ donation. Becoming an organ donor can be a difficult decision. Many people have the false beliefs about being an organ donor. An example would be if organ donor is on their driver’s license and a person is in a life-threatening accident everything will not be done to save their life. There is an increase need for organ donors and unfortunately the need for organ transplantation exceeds the amount of organs available. This causes the difficult decision of deciding who deserves the transplantation over another client. Which person deserves the opportunity of having the second chance of life with a newly transplanted organ? The case study, “Who will receive the liver?” involves to potential clients Mr. Mann and Mrs. Bay. Mr. Mann a fifty year old drinker who will soon die with alcoholic cirrhosis, he lives alone, and makes no guarantee he will stop drinking even if he does receive an organ donation. The second candidate, Mrs. Bay a thirty-seven year old with hepatitis B who has some sick days is married with a young family and is very active in the community. Mrs. Bay is ahead of Mr. Mann on the donation waiting list (Butts & Rich, 2008, p.305). The purpose of this paper is to view the difference between each candidate and decide which recipient should receive the liver transplant.
Have you ever thought what actually influences our perception of stimuli we encounter on a daily basis? The topic of this paper is perception. Many times, the way we take in information from the world, is entirely up us as an individual but most times perception is influenced by external factors, which cannot be controlled. Perception is an opinion held by individuals regarding how things seem in the real world. The area regarding perception interests me greatly because I feel it is very interesting how different individuals have different ways to perceive the same exact information. Perception is the process in which we learn about the world around us. Specifically, I want to learn what mechanisms truly influence perception and how those affect our daily lives.
When viewing organ donation from a moral standpoint we come across many different views depending on the ethical theory. The controversy lies between what is the underlying value and what act is right or wrong. Deciding what is best for both parties and acting out of virtue and not selfishness is another debatable belief. Viewing Kant and Utilitarianism theories we can determine what they would have thought on organ donation. Although it seems judicious, there are professionals who seek the attention to be famous and the first to accomplish something. Although we are responsible for ourselves and our children, the motives of a professional can seem genuine when we are in desperate times which in fact are the opposite. When faced with a decision about our or our children’s life and well being we may be a little naïve. The decisions the patients who were essentially guinea pigs for the first transplants and organ donation saw no other options since they were dying anyways. Although these doctors saw this as an opportunity to be the first one to do this and be famous they also helped further our medical technology. The debate is if they did it with all good ethical reasoning. Of course they had to do it on someone and preying upon the sick and dying was their only choice. Therefore we are responsible for our own health but when it is compromised the decisions we make can also be compromised.
In his article, Robin Hogarth, defines intuition and argues that intuition is a result of learning. There are challenges within intuition research, they define a scope of different intuitive phenomena. Hogarth reasons by narrowing down the concept it would make it easier and more comprehensible to understand the diverse ways people make decisions. Hogarth asks, “if we know how people make decisions, we may be able to help them make better decisions” (Hogarth, 2010, p. 338). Hogarth believes, that if intuition is in fact a learned trait than intuitive research needs to be narrowed down into four prevalent but challenging areas of clarification; (1) preferences, (2) cultural capital, (3) educating intuition, and (4) problems with intuition
One of the most important and prevalent issues in healthcare discussed nowadays is the concern of the organ donation shortage. As the topic of organ donation shortages continues to be a growing problem, the government and many hospitals are also increasingly trying to find ways to improve the number of organ donations. In the United States alone, at least 6000 patients die each year while on waiting lists for new organs (Petersen & Lippert-Rasmussen, 2011). Although thousands of transplant candidates die from end-stage diseases of vital organs while waiting for a suitable organ, only a fraction of eligible organ donors actually donate. Hence, the stark discrepancy in transplantable organ supply and demand is one of the reasons that exacerbate this organ donation shortage (Parker, Winslade, & Paine, 2002). In the past, many people sought the supply of transplantable organs from cadaver donors. However, when many ethical issues arose about how to determine whether someone is truly dead by either cardiopulmonary or neurological conditions (Tong, 2007), many healthcare professionals and transplant candidates switched their focus on obtaining transplantable organs from living donors instead. As a result, in 2001, the number of living donors surpassed the number of cadaver donors for the first time (Tong, 2007).
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458.
Sense perception, the first way of knowing, is our physical response of our senses to stimuli. There are only 5 sense and they include sight, taste, touch, hearing and smell. The sense receptors first pick up the signals after being simulated by the brain the information is transformed into sight, taste, touch, hearing and smell. These senses have become a part of our lives without them we would be the abnormal one in this world. Senses surround us everyday and every minute of our lives.
I listened to a This I Believe essay called, “Learning to Trust my Intuition” by Cynthia Sommer. The message she was trying to get across was that you should trust your intuition. It can almost always be as good as a slow, calculated decision. Her essay was based off the story of her whole life so far. From when she was a little girl, to now. She talked about how when she was a young girl, her family believed in the supernatural. When she was sick, her grandmother would attempt to heal her with herbs and remedies. She learned to trust her intuition. Then later on in her life, she went to graduate school and got her MBA. By the time she had graduated she almost fully lost that trust. Every decision she made was carefully calculated and reflected
Perception is “the process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve and respond to the information from the world around them.” (Schermerhorn, Hunt & Osborn, 2003; p.2). Perceptions are our way of forming opinions about ourselves, others and everyday experiences. They serve as a filter through which information passes before it has an effect. Since perceptions are created based on everyday experience or interactions, it is feasible to deduct that we create numerous perceptions about various subjects everyday.
In this study, were trying to see how many Dordt students were organ donors and if they were aware that organ donation of their body heavily relies on the decisions of the parents, legal guardian, spouse or adult children. The results that we received surprised us and did not go as expected. Based on the results gained from Roger Dobson and The NICE Guideline Development Group, we expected that they’d be a larger proportion of female organ donor students at Dordt than males and that most donors had not made it clear to their spouse, parents/legal guardian or adult children about their wishes if the organ donation decision were to be in
People make their decisions to commit to organ donation based off of religious perspectives, the negatives and positives to donating, and the benefits to donating.