INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic understanding of the manufacturing processes:
If you look around, you will find many objects that man has made to make life more comfortable. For example, the chair on which you are sitting, the pen you are using, the house you are in, the air conditioner, the lights and other electrical fittings, and so many other things. All these are designed and made by engineers. It can be readily understood that many of these products are made up of many components and very complex. Naturally, the process of making them must be very complex. More importantly different components require different materials and different methods to make. Manufacturing processes teaches you about the different methods and techniques used for making
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This will help in a proper selection of the appropriate process for any given product. There are many points to be considered for selecting the best manufacturing technique for any product. A systematic understanding and evaluation of the manufacturing processes is required for this purpose. The following are some general points to be considered for evaluating any manufacturing process:
1. Materials: The first point is about what material is to be used for making the given product. The type and properties of this material and its suitability will influence the selection of the manufacturing process. For example, with very hard materials like carbides, it is not possible to use machining. Sintering process is to be selected. Similarly, Polymers are best processed by injection molding and blow molding process.
After selecting and using a process, the properties of the material may be changed. This also should be considered in the selection process.
2. Quality: This tells how good and accurate the products should be. Quality of a product is assessed in terms of the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and stability. Different processes offer different quality levels. Normally, the cost of the process is high for high qualities. A suitable process should be selected depending on the required quality and cost of the
Quality is an important part of any business rather from a customer’s perspective or a producer’s perspective. Quality from a customer’s perspective is they “want value and quality has become a major factor in the value of products and service” (Russell & Taylor, 2013, pg. 53). “The customer is the most important part of the production line” (Russell & Taylor, 2013, pg. 53). This can be referred to as quality of design meaning “involves designing quality characteristics into a product or service” (Russell & Taylor, 2013, pg. 54). Now let’s look at the quality from a producer’s perspective. This can be referred to a quality of conformance meaning “making sure the product or service is produced according to design” (Russell & Taylor, 2013,
Some of the issues presented above resulted from inefficiencies in the two distinct processes taking place in the same production facility at Custom Molds, namely the Molds Fabrication process and the Parts Production process (Exhibit 1a and b). The two processes serve different customer needs. Mold fabrication, a skill oriented and craftsman-driven process, requires flexibility and quality. Parts manufacturing, on the other hand, involves a more standardized process that competes on delivery and low cost. The margin for parts is also much smaller.
As a result of the ineffective communication system, Littleton faces a number of issues which ultimately has affected the bottom line of the company. Key challenges to note are low employee morale, low level of unity within the organization, poorly designed organizational structure and confusion in interpreting procedures and rules. Improving the accuracy and speed of the flow of communication should be an important first step in the resolution of the presented issues, thus allowing the organization to function more effectively and efficiently.
The manufacture industry has been developing since the industrial revolution, however with the evolution of some advanced technologies and the widespread of specialized Computed Aided Design (CAD) software, the traditional way of manufacturing products may be about to change.
Prefabrication -Haas et al (2000), prefabrication normally involves a single skill or trade, such as electrical, or piping, and this can be defined as “a manufacturing process, which generally takes place at a specialized facility, in which various materials are joined to form a component part of a final installation” (Tatum et al., 1987). Components manufactured off-site and is not a complete system can be referred to as prefabricated components. Furthermore Jaillon & Poon (2009) proceed to describe prefabrication as, a manufacturing process, commonly conducted at a specific facility, in which numerous materials are combined to form a component which is part of a final installation. The manufacturing process may be undertaken in different environments such as, a factory environment (factory prefabrication) or (site-prefabrication) on site under the open sky. The term off-site fabrication is utilized when prefabrication and pre-assembly is integrated (Jaillon & Poon, 2009). Gibb (1999) defines off-site prefabrication as a process which integrates prefabrication and pre-assembly. This process includes the design and the manufacture of units or modules, typically away from the work site, and their installation. “Off-site fabrication requires a project strategy that will change the orientation of the project process from construction to manufacture and installation”, (Gibb, 1999). (Klerk, 2013)
For this assignment, I have decided to focus on what makes a good quality
The three main criteria that are most important in a quality system are as follows:
Traditional manufacturing is described just as it is stated, “traditional”. The process starts when a product is to be produced and requires the manufacturing process to create the product for the customer that is, or will, order(ing) the product. Manufacturing processes are the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the creation of the materials from which the design is made. These materials are then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.
Manufacturing engineering is a particular Class of engineering systems, manufacturing processes and interrelated actions within a manufacturing enterprise. Manufacturing process is a combination of new technologies and procedure which is used to define how products are to be manufactured with high accuracy. A foundation of Manufacturing process is the fundamental reservoir for the combination of all the tools and equipments and activities aids in the searching of substitute production line scenarios; improve the efficiency of assembly lines with the aspire of reduced lead time period for manufactured goods launch, lesser the product time and reduced work in progress inventories as well as allow quick response to product or product changes. Introduction of Information technology
The main focus of this technology is to produce part, as soon as possible to their final shape and flexibility. The technology also must generate opportunity to reduce the productive step for given process chain. The fundamental target incorporate several other advantages such as reduction of process variability, quality improvement in the finished product and the possibility to focus the design of mechanical devices on functional feature, elimi...
We commonly view quality as a physical property of our product and therefore see our task as producing a product that meets these physical characteristics.
Manufacturing the process design also faces the same challenge in the optimization of the product (ARAUJO, JOSÉ AUGUSTO DA ROCHA DE; Costa, Reinaldo Pacheco da, 2004, p. 4).
Operations have always existed in some form since the olden times. Over the years, operations have dramatically changed in the manufacturing industry and it has gone through three main stages which are the craft manufacturing, mass production and the modern era. Craft manufacturing involves highly skilled workers who produce in small quantities using simple tools with the objective to meet specific individual customer’s needs. In the craft production system, workers usually work in their homes or small workshops and at that time, there was low competition due to low scale production. Although operations have evolved greatly since that period, some industries still have recourse to craftsmanship like in furniture or clock making.
Manufacturing is the process of convert raw materials and components to finished goods to satisfy customers’ needs or what they expect.
Materials engineering and computer engineering are two of the modern examples of industrial engineering. Industrial engineers have the challenge of incorporating today’s leading technological advances with the production of them in manufacturing facilities. Their purpose is to maximize output, while minimizing the costs for materials and production. This is why industrial engineers must have knowledge of product development, materials processing, optimization, queuing theory, production techniques, and engineering economy. Industrial engineers must have adequate skills in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing.