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Ethical issues in euthanasia
The main ethical issues around euthanasia
The main ethical issues around euthanasia
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Euthanasia of Brain Death Patients: Is it Ethical? Euthanasia is a huge ethical dilemma within healthcare today. Many times it is unethical to euthanize a human being. However, I want to discuss the case of brain dead patients. Is it ethical to euthanize a person that no longer has a chance to live the life the used to have or even the chance to wake up ever again? Euthanasia should be ethically acceptable in a case where the person is diagnosed with brain death because it prevents the patient and the family prolonged suffering. Many people would disagree but I think that in a lot of cases it is what’s best for not only the patient but the family as well. There is a lot of stress put on a family member(s) to deal with the fact that their loved ones are no longer there but it can be hard to understand because with life support the person is still able to have a heart beat and is still be able to breathe. However the brain dead patient will not be able to breathe without the help of the machine so they are no longer truly alive. This paper will be based solely on whether or not euthanasia is ethical in a brain dead patient. In other words whether or not it is ethically acceptable to remove life-support from someone that has no brain functioning. This does not include persistent vegetative state or coma where the person in considered to be alive. Brain death is defined as an irreversible, complete loss of function in the brain, including the brainstem (Goila & Pawar, 2009). In the case of brain death the patient no longer has the ability to breathe or have a heartbeat without the help of life support. If the brain is considered dead, the patient is also considered dead because without brain functioning there is nothing but... ... middle of paper ... ...everyone in most situations. References: Arbour, R. (2013). Brain death: Assessmetn, controversy, and confounding factors . Continuing Nursing Eduction , 33(6), 47-48. Dwyer, R., Colreavy, F., & Phelan, D. (2010). Diagnosis of brain death in adult patients – guidelines. Intensive Care Society of Ireland, Goila, A. K., & Pawar, M. (2009). The diagnosis of brain death. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2772257/ Jonsen, A., Siegler, M., & Winslade, W. (2010). Clinical ethics: A practical approach to ethical decisions in clinical medicine . (7th ed., pp. 149-152). New York : McGraw Hill. Keown , J. (2002). Euthanasia, ethics, and public policy: An argument against legalisation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Roth , J. (2005). Ethics. (Vol. 1, pp. 483-485). Pasadena, CA : Salem Press Inc.
Nye, Howard. PHIL 250 B1, Winter Term 2014 Lecture Notes – Ethics. University of Alberta.
During week 4, we became familiar with the application of ethics in the nursing practice settings. We learned about ethical theories and principles, which are crucial when practicing in any clinical settings during ethical decision-making and while facing one or multiple ethical dilemmas. Also, we were introduced to the MORAL model used in ethical decision – making progress. The MORAL model is the easiest model to use in the everyday clinical practice, for instance at bedside nursing. This model can be applyed in any clinical settings and its acronyms assist
Veatch, Robert M.,"The Normative Principles of Medical Ethics." In Medical ethics. 1997. Reprint, Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 1989 29-56.
Denise Dudzinski, PhD, MTS, Helene Starks, PhD, MPH, Nicole White, MD, MA (2009) ETHICS IN MEDICINE. Retrieved from: http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/pad.html
Cahn, Steven M. and Peter Markie, Ethics: History, Theory and Contemporary Issues. 4th Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Thiroux, J. P., & Krasemann, K. W. (2009). Ethics: Theory and practice (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Shafer-Landau, R. (2013) Ethical Theory: An Anthology (Second Edition). West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The ethical debate regarding euthanasia dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was the Hippocratic School (c. 400B.C.) that eliminated the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmas – such as, is it ethical for a doctor to assist a terminally ill patient in ending his life? Under what circumstances, if any, is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate for a doctor? More so, euthanasia raises the argument of the different ideas that people have about the value of the human experience.
Jecker, N. (1990). Integrating medical ethics with normative theory: Patient advocacy and social responsibility. 11(2), 125-139.
As patients come closer to the end of their lives, certain organs stop performing as well as they use to. People are unable to do simple tasks like putting on clothes, going to the restroom without assistance, eat on our own, and sometimes even breathe without the help of a machine. Needing to depend on someone for everything suddenly brings feelings of helplessness much like an infant feels. It is easy to see why some patients with terminal illnesses would seek any type of relief from this hardship, even if that relief is suicide. Euthanasia or assisted suicide is where a physician would give a patient an aid in dying. “Assisted suicide is a controversial medical and ethical issue based on the question of whether, in certain situations, Medical practioners should be allowed to help patients actively determine the time and circumstances of their death” (Lee). “Arguments for and against assisted suicide (sometimes called the “right to die” debate) are complicated by the fact that they come from very many different points of view: medical issues, ethical issues, legal issues, religious issues, and social issues all play a part in shaping people’s opinions on the subject” (Lee). Euthanasia should not be legalized because it is considered murder, it goes against physicians’ Hippocratic Oath, violates the Controlled
There are many legal aspects that go into declaring what is and what is not brain death. In today’s society, many people, including medical professionals, judges and attorneys struggle to identify what exactly constitutes as brain death. According to, Smith“ the concept of brain death came about during the 1950’s when, as a consequence of developments in critical care, clinicians were faced for the first time with the prospect of an apparently ‘alive’ patient sustained by mechanical ventilation long after brain function had ceased”(Smith, 2011).
Boss, J. A. (2014). Ethics for Life (Sixth ed., pp. 252-255). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Garrett, T. M., Baillie, H. W., & Garrett, R. M. (2010). Health care ethics: Principles and problems (5thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
According Richard Gula, active euthanasia is legally considered homicide (5). Another intervention and approach to euthanasia could be through the use of analgesic means. The use of morphine or other anesthetic medication could be used to allow the patient to die or hasten their dying process. I consider the latter procedure to be more humane than that of the other because it is morally wrong to kill a person, rather it's humane for someone to die naturally. Before I discuss the rights and wrongs of euthanasia, I will define death or a person, when is it safe to say...
Shaw, W. H., & Barry, V. (2011). Moral Issues in Business (Eleventh ed., pp. 230-244).