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Causes of World War 1
Woodrow Wilson and the World War
What caused World War 1
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President Woodrow Wilson declared that World War I was a fight for liberty, democracy, and humanity, but while the president felt he was making the right decision not everyone shared the sentiment. World War I was polarizing particularly since it was a European affair and President Wilson’s urge for neutrality perhaps reaffirmed these sentiments. Though Wilson stated it was a war against humanity, some prominent politicians such as Eugene Debs viewed it as more of the same. Eugene Debs and Wilson differed greatly in regards to their views on; the aims of the war, patriotism, and democracy and differed even more so with soldiers, this highlights the divisiveness of the war and its aims along with the sentiments of patriotism. Woodrow Wilson’s …show more content…
Eugene Debs was not one of these people, as self-proclaimed socialist and anti-capitalist Debs believed that the war effort would not help the lives of Americans at home. In his speech at Canton, Ohio, Debs preached against the war and against the capitalist class and the establishment. Debs viewed the American political system as; rigid, corrupt, and un-democratic. He even went as far as comparing the American political system a system that monarchs would have used in the middle ages; the working class brainwashed by the higher class to fight for their cause, to revere them and to shed blood for them but excluded from decision making. Debs believed the people should be self-governed and desired a government of, for, and by the …show more content…
Wilson rallied people behind his cause as he appealed to their emotions and sense of national pride. Debs argued that patriotism never seemed to apply to those in power and seldom did wars not benefit the upper class. Wilson and Debs also disagreed on the goals of the war and why it was being fought, but fortunately for Wilson, his soldiers shared that patriotic sentiment. Doughboy, though not happy at war, believed it was ultimately right, and this sentiment no doubt reverberated around the military and helped the United States win the war. Debs strongly disagreed with the war and patriotism, but nevertheless it unified the country and strengthened patriotism after the
David Kennedy’s Over Here: The First World War and American Society demonstrates Americans connection to global society. President Wilson “called the newly elected 65th Congress into special session on April 2 to receive his war message.” Wilson’s message would impact America socially, economically, and politically; that would continue to influence America throughout the twentieth century. Wilson presented to Congress four proposals on how America was to wage war: a bold tax program, a compulsory draft of young men into the nation’s service, “for the enforced loyalty of all Americans in a cause to which many were indifferent or openly hostile, and, by implication, at least,” and the expansion of presidential powers.
William Jennings Bryan, despite being a thrice-failed presidential candidate, was a well respected Congressman known for his impassioned speeches. Due to his experiences in the Spanish-American War, he was also staunchly opposed to Imperialism; and he wrote and delivered many speeches dedicated to this philosophy. Leading the charge for American neutrality in foreign affairs, Bryan argued that the U.S. acting as an imperial power over foreign colonies would produce negative outcomes. Holding that his anti-imperialistic views were a direct result of his sense of social justice, Bryan declared that colonial governments were a threat to democracy and represented exploitation.
A. Since and early age he learned the values and hardships of work. He was a hard working man who stood against all forces to demand rightful rights. Eugene Debs ead many successful ands unsuccessful strikes. The government considered him a rebel and often placed him behind bars.
During the 20th century many different presidents went in and out of the doors of the White House serving the country the best they could. However, two of these men hold a place in American history as perhaps the greatest leaders that had ever served our country. Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson are two extraordinary men that symbolize the hope and aspirations of the American people during such a tumultuous time in United States history. Both of these men held leadership qualities like no other, had strong views for America, and held exceptional ideas on foreign policy.
Based on Wilson’s war message to Congress, It was believe that the United States had a moral and humanitarian obligation to intervene in World War I and “make the world safe for democracy” (Wilson). Luce’s point in The American Century was not imperial, but idealistic. It was America’s time to shine, “to be the powerhouse from which the ideals spread throughout the world and do their mysterious work of lifting the life of mankind from the level of the beasts to what the Psalmist called a little lower than the angels” (Luce). Both sources demonstrate that the ideals of Woodrow and Luce inspired many Americans and shaped much of the foreign policy for the remainder of the twentieth century and on. The more significant viewpoints are the differences.
With the nation at war, Wilson set aside his domestic agenda to concentrate on a full-scale mobilization of the economy and industry. During the war, industrial production increased by 20 percent, daylight saving time was instituted to save fuel, the government took over the railroad system, and massive airplane and shipbuilding programs were launched. Ame...
The Progressive Movement that occurred during the early 20th century was a time of major reform in the United States of America. During this time, there was a group of activists that referred to themselves as the Progressives, and they sought to change society for the people. The way that they intended to do this was change through their ideals of democracy, efficiency, regulation, and social justice. With this movement came the election that changed the course of America’s history “…demonstrating a victory for progressive reforms as both Progressive candidates accounted for 75 percent of all the votes” (Bowles). The candidates in this election were Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. While both of these men considered themselves to be part of the progressives and shared some similar opinions, they also differed from each other greatly and were apparent in their views during this time.
After nearly a decade of optimism and prosperity, the United States took a turn for the worse on October 29, 1929 the day the stock market crashed, better known as Black Tuesday and the official beginning of the Great Depression. The downfall of the economy during the presidency of Herbert Hoover led to much comparison when his successor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, took office. Although both presidents had their share of negative feedback, it is evident that Hoover’s inaction towards the crises and Roosevelt’s later eccentric methods to simulate the economy would place FDR in the positive limelight of fixing the nation in one of its worst times.
Firstly, FDR did not reach the white house the same way that his 5th cousin Teddy did. FDR had campaigned for the Presidency, against the incumbent Herbert Hoover. FDR was a Democrat; and felt that the government needed to do more to help its people. Hoover a Republican; did not believe in direct government intervention. He believed in voluntarism, asking working corporations to voluntarily improve working conditions and wages. In 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. On the other hand, Teddy instead, campaigned for Vice President in 1901, with President William McKinley. He was a Republican, who served as Governor of New York. After the election ended, William McKinley was assassinated in September of 1901. Theodore Roosevelt had been sworn
Nick Salvatore’s book Eugene V. Debs Citizen and Socialist provides a very detailed account of the life and times and Eugene Debs. Debs was born in Terre Haute Indiana and Salvatore emphasizes the important role that this played in Debs upbringing. Terre Haute was ripe with religious fundamentalism from its founding. Religion permeated everyday life throughout Terre Haute. Salvatore writes that, “In newspaper editorials, political speeches, civic dedications and Sunday sermons they assured the kingdom of God had already arrived and that their town was destined to become the center of the Kingdoms Midwest development.” It is striking how the ideals of the Terre Haute community based in religious fundamentalism and a strong industrial economy provided a seemingly Marxist critique of a capitalist system in the 1860’s well before Marxist ideas had widely spread to America. Terre Haute’s social construct was unique in that there was the undeniable American value of individual achievement stressed but here the role of community was necessary to achieve this. In Terre Haute it was believed that for individual prosperity the progress of the community as a whole was necessary. Salvatore explains this best himself writing, “The individual was firmly wedded to his community by both the bonds of daily life and by the expectations of future success. The ideas of individualism, self-interest and community appeared to meld.” This seemingly socialist ideology that man relies on himself and his brethren for progress and success was critical to Debs’ formation of his values and ideologies. Even the Superintendent of Terre Haute schools offered this, “If we shall limit the education of the masses and trust the education of the few for directive power and skill we must expect to be ruled by monopolies, demagogues and partisans” Throughout his life Debs constantly fell back on his Terre Hautian upbringing to reinforce his political values which separated him from the Milwaukee and northeastern socialists
“The Spirit of 1914” gives a comprehensive examination of the opinions and feelings felt during the beginning of the Great War by the German people. This monograph goes into extensive detail on the complexity of the German nation’s reactions and response to the vast, “patriotic outbursts…which many contemporaries and historians categorized as “war enthusiasm.””(2) The content of the book also centers on how German unity was portrayed. “Conservative journals claimed that these crowds spoke for public opinion…what had transformed a materialistic, egotistical German “society” into an idealistic, fraternal, national German “community.””(231)Verhey challenges the myth that all Germans wanted to go to war in 1914 by methodically explaining each of the different regions, classes, and political parties’ reactions and responses. The argument of his work comes down to how well he is able to answer the questions of:
In his book, “Woodrow Wilson Revolution, War, and Peace” by Arthur Link, Link walks step by step through President Woodrow Wilson’s career beginning from the time he was born and focuses on his role during and after World War I. Through his entire book, Link acts as an apologist for the actions of Wilson as well as argues against the opinions of other historians. Link speaks about Wilson almost as if he idolizes him; as if despite what other historians and public opinion might say that he can do no wrong.
While thousands of American men fought in the war, not all American’s believed that the war was justified. In his address to the nation, President James Polk stated that the United States would fulfill it’s destiny by bringing peace to the less fortunate. In contrast to this, many in America felt that the war was unjust, realizing that the disputed territory never belonged to the United States. Among those opposing President Polk’s declaration of war was Congressman Abraham Lincoln, who refuted the President’s claims by analyzing his speech. Thomas Parker delivered a speech entitled “Sermon on War” in which he criticized the war for the same reasons as Abraham...
Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George did share the same goals, but they also all had very dissimilar ideas when it came how to resolve situations in their countries. Therefore, Wilson believed in self-determination where nation could rule themselves. Also, Clemenceau believed that if France took back Alsace- Lorraine and expanded their territory it would resolve the countries issues. Equally important, Lloyd George opposed both of Wilson's ideas such as, freedom of seas and self-determination. “Lloyd George wanted to protect British naval interest, so he opposed freedom of the seas." Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George wanted the best for their countries even if they did not come to an understanding with each other.
In document 22-1, The North American Review, we notice that it is an editorial that was placed in a United States magazine. This article was for the North American Review that was called “For Freedom and Democracy.” In Europe’s efforts to motivates americans to join President Wilson into war they published the article in April 1917. They listed how it could be beneficial on both of their ends as well as mention the reasons as to why they joined the war.