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Ethical dilemmas
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Recommended: Ethical dilemmas
When considering business related ethics, it is important to take into account ethics in general. Two such important sub topics within ethics are the dangers of Conformity Bias and the threats imposed by the Fundamental Attribution Error. On the “Ethics Unwrapped” site, two videos, each relating to and named after one of the previously mentioned topics are helpful in gaining knowledge about what these two topics are about and the potential ethical dilemmas they create. I believe these two topics are important to discuss because of the fact that everyone, especially including those in business environments, have fallen prey to these two concepts more often than other sub topics relating to ethics.
The first video, “Fundamental Attribution Error” talks about the ethical problem of the same name. The Fundamental Attribution Error (henceforth referred as FAE) is when we attribute and emphasize other’s behaviors solely on character instead of situational factors or the environment around them. However, under the FAE, we believe that when given identical circumstances, we committed the same action because of completely just personal reasons. In the video, numerous examples are cited. Let’s say we have two people, yourself and Marty McFly (who coincidently shares the name of the protagonist from Back to the Future but has no other relation). You find out that Marty has been cheating on his wife, and automatically assume it is because he is a terrible, awful human being. However, you are also cheating on your wife, but you tell yourself it was because you had one to many drinks at the bar last night. You also find out Marty has been “fudging” or falsifying numbers and accounts at his work place and believe it is because he is some kind o...
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... remedied. As such I give it five out of five stars because of importance and relevance to the real world, and it is a definite “must watch” video. The video about Fundamental Attribution Error is also important but not as important as the former on CB. FAE will not necessarily lead to deaths of others (though it may sometimes in extreme cases) and mostly affects day to day activities instead of national or international concerns, and really has more to do with “I can do it because I am an amazing person while that other guy is probably a crazy freak” and as such doesn’t tend to do too much physical harm to others. While it is a problem, it can be remedied easier than the former CB. I give it four out of five because while it is important to consider in day to day activities and can also be applied in the real world, it does not have as severe consequences as CB.
In the short film, The Lunch Date, the white woman who misses her train commits fundamental attribution error. Fundamental attribution error is defined as the overestimation of a person's personality and the underestimation of the situation. For example, after the woman in the short film misses her train, she enters a restaurant to order a salad. She leaves her food on her table to get a fork; when she comes back, she finds that a black man is eating her salad. She believes that he is a homeless man who just stole her food, but in reality she just sat at the wrong table. She commits fundamental attribution error by judging the black man's outward appearance, and assuming that the black man did not pay for the salad.
Stead, W. E., Worrell, D. L., & Stead, J. G. (1990). An integrative model for understanding and managing ethical behavior in business organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(3), 233-242. Doi: 10.1007/BF00382649
Review of “Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character” by Rachana Kamtekatar
Ethics in business is a highly important concept, as it can affect a company’s profits, salaries paid to employees and CEOs, and public opinion, among many other aspects of a business. Ethics can be enforced by company policies and guidelines, set a precedent when a company is faced with an important decision, and are also evolving thanks to new technology and situations that arise due to technology usage. Businesses have a duty to maintain their ethical responsibilities and also to help their employees enforce these responsibilities in and out of the workplace. However, ethics and the foundation for them are not always black and white. There are many different ethical theories, however Utilitarianism, Kant’s Deontological ethics, and Virtue ethics are three of the most well known theories in existence. Each theory is distinct in that it has a different quality used to determine ethicality and allows for a person to choose which system of ethics works best with both the situation and his or her personal ethical preferences.
Ethical behavior is behavior that a person considers to be appropriate. A person’s moral principals are shaped from birth, and developed overtime throughout the person’s life. There are many factors that can influence what a person believes whats is right, or what is wrong. Some factors are a person’s family, religious beliefs, culture, and experiences. In business it is of great importance for an employee to understand how to act ethically to prevent a company from being sued, and receiving criticism from the public while bringing in profits for the company. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010) Business ethics is when ethical behavior is applied in an business environment, or by a business. There are many situations that can arise in which a person is experiencing an ethical dilemma. They have to choose between standing by their own personal ethical standards or to comply with their companies ethical standards. In some instances some have to choose whether to serve their own personal interests, or the interest of the company. In this essay I will be examining the financial events surrounding Bernie Madoff, and the events surrounding Enron.
The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) is a concept within social psychology that assumes when someone is aggressive, it is due to a flaw in their personality as opposed to a reaction to their personal circumstances (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). However, there is typically a situational reason for the other person’s behavior that is not taken into account through the FAE (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). I have been guilty of making the FAE myself; for example, I can think of two situations where my frustration led me to believe that there were flaws in my antagonists’ characters. Recently, my mother wanted me to assist my brother in scheduling classes for the semester. Since I was annoyed that my mother was insisting that I assist him when
The attribution theory is the theory on how people explain things. One of the best things about being human is being able to explain anything. A synonym of attribution is exclamation. We as humans have a strong need to understand things. If you can influence people and explain what is happening, you may be able to change them.
I discovered how sticking to one’s morals should be the topmost priority for everyone involved in business, whether personal or professional. Regardless of what the consequences may be, the intensity of the problem, and the complexities it may bring, sacrificing one’s integrity should never be an option, as integrity goes hand-in-hand with the morals of an individual (Duggan & Woodhouse, 2011). They further go on to say that having individuals take part in building a code of ethics that supports employee integrity, they will act ethically. Also, I believe that companies should place more emphasis on the moral behavior of their employees, and clear-cut policies should be set regarding such ethical situations. Furthermore, I realized how serving justice while making decisions really helps in the long run, and that opting to go for the ideal rather than they deserved is not always the best option, and could hurt a company in more than one
Ethical standards that evolved over the history of Western civilization deal with interpersonal relationships. What is right or wrong? What one should do and not do when dealing with other people. Ethical behavior in a business environment has not been as clearly defined. When businesses were small and the property of a few individuals, traditional ethical standards were applied to meet different situations. However, as businesses became larger, the interpersonal ethical relations did not provide any clear behavioral guidelines. Likewise, the principles of ethical relationships were even less pertinent to the corporate environments.
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.
In Western culture, placing the blame on the individual is a common practice. An important study to investigate fundamental attribution is Lee et al. (1977) The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Se The aim of his experiment was to see if students would make the fundamental attribution error even when they knew that all the actors were just playing a role.
How the Attribution Theory in an attempt to assign meaning/understanding to events on the basis of eith...
In the business world there are many fundamental aspects and situations that can lead to several issues. In order to find an optimal and professional solution, business decision makers need to apply moral and ethical standards. And it is at that moment in which business ethics perform its role. Business ethics, which is in charge of examine how companies and individuals should act in business situations, is very essential in order to reach a common agreement and to work within the laws of business and solve an arisen dilemma. Working of the hand of ethical business companies, employees, investors, directors, and even individual officers can be beneficiated and obtain most favorable outcomes.
Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination depends largely on three factors: distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency. Our perceptions of people differ from our perceptions of inanimate objects.
Business nowadays encounter with a lot of moral challenges in today’s global economy. Everyone is thriving to be more successful than their competitors, to make their next profits, to keep their job, to earn a big bonus, or to compete effectively. There exists temptation to bend lines, omit information, and do whatever it takes to get ahead of their competition. Many business employees and executives succumb. Sadly, the theme becomes...