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Patient rights and responsibilities thesis
Ethics in patient care
14 rights of the patients
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Having an advance directive will help the medical staff in making the right and ethical choice for me. There are ethical obligations that doctors owe to their patients, respect to the patient right to refuse medical treatment by their values and beliefs. The procedure of making advanced directives provides legal paper to the patient to settle on an educated choice, which likewise permits the doctor to settle on an ethical choice. When the right to autonomy conflicts with healthcare provider’s attempts to give care and beneficence, it is the provider’s legal and ethical obligation to allow the patient to exercise his or her autonomy. At the point when state law does not approve a family member as a guardian to make a health care decision, in
Today, there are so many legal dilemmas dominating trial for the courts to make a sound legal decision on whose right in a complicated situation. Despite the outcome of the case, the disagreement usually has a profound effect on the healthcare organization, and the industry as a whole. Many cases are arguments centered around if the issue is a legal or moral principle. Regardless what the situation maybe, the final decision is left to the courts to differentiate between the legality issues at hand opposed to justifying a case based on moral rules. According to Pozgar (2012), an ethical dilemma arises in situations where a choice must be made between unpleasant alternative. It can occur whenever a choice involves giving up something good and suffering something bad, no matter what course of action is taken (p. 367). In this paper, I will discuss cases that arose in the healthcare industry that have been tried and brought to justice by the United States court system.
This ethical scenario presents an 86 year old female with numerous health issues and chronic illnesses. Mrs. Boswell’s advancing Alzheimer’s disease makes it extremely difficult to initiate dialysis, leading her physician to conclude a poor quality of life. The ethical dilemma portrayed in this case is between nonmaleficence and autonomy. Health care workers should focus on promoting the patient’s overall wellbeing and weigh the benefits and risks of the course of action, while also considering what the family declares they want done. Since the patient is deemed unable to make decisions, the goal is to collaborate with family, assess patient quality of life, address prognosis, and establish realistic care goals.
Why is it so important that healthcare executives adhere to a professional code of ethics?
Patient autonomy was the predominant concern during the time of publication of both Ezekiel and Linda Emanuel, and Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma's texts. During that time, the paternalistic model, in which a doctor uses their skills to understand the disease and choose a best course of action for the patient to take, had been replaced by the informative model, one which centered around patient autonomy. The latter model featured a relationship where the control over medical decisions was solely given to the patient and the doctor was reduced to a technical expert. Pellegrino and Thomasma and the Emanuel’s found that the shift from one extreme, the paternalistic model, to the other, the informative model, did not adequately move towards an ideal model. The problem with the informative model, according to the Emanuel’s, is that the autonomy described is simple, which means the model “presupposes that p...
An effective advance care planning process follows a series of steps that incorporates the patient’s preferences, their values, and a dialog to help identify proxies. The educated person must first consider a proxy and determine the goals of their care. Ideally, the chosen proxy will then partake in the advance care planning process. It is important that the person completing the advance directive make the proxy aware of their authority, the goals of treatment, important personal factors, and the scope of discretion for that individual. It is also imperative that the advance care directive be available to both the proxy and healthcare providers.
Prior to discussing why Advanced Directives are so essential the definition of Advanced Directives is crucial. An Advanced Directive is made up of several legal components which ultimately online the patient’s wishes if one was to be incapacitated or unable to verbally make wishes know regarding healthcare. The understanding of what a living will and a durable power of attorney both need to be discussed before one is able to compare and contrast. A living will ensures that anyone reading this paper will understand how the patient wanted to continue their form of treatment. With a living will anyone ranging from patients to healthcare professions should be able to determine the specific actions the patients would want taken if they are unable to make said wishes known. A
In this context, new emphasis is being placed on the rights of patients. Recent federal legislation, for example, requires all health care facilities receiving Medicare or Medicaid monies to inform patients of their right to make medical treatment decisions. This includes the right to specify "advance directives," [1] which state what patients wish to be done in case they are no longer able to communicate adequately.
A law is a rule of conduct or action, required (governments endorse laws) to maintain order and public safety in case of a breakdown of law. The criminal & civil law is applied to health-care practitioners or providers, if criminal wrongdoing or negligence occurred in patient’s care. Ethics or moral values serve as the basis for ethical conduct. Our societal values, Family, and cultural values help form an individual’s moral value (Pozgar, 2014, p. 217). The Pozgar further suggests that the healthcare executives needs to understanding the development of law, sources of law, the meaning of different terms to effectively handle change in environment due to frequent policy implementations.
There are questions about transplant allocation in regards to the four major ethical principles in medical ethics: beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. Beneficence is the “obligation of healthcare providers to help people” that are in need, autonomy is the “right of patients to make choices” in regards to their healthcare, nonmaleficence, is the “duty of the healthcare providers to do no harm”, and justice is the “concept of treating everyone in a fair manner” ("Medical Ethics & the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction", n.d., p. 1).
A health care directive is a legal document, based on personal values and beliefs, providing people with a sense of control and independence for their medical care. The purpose of a health care directive is to allow personal wishes on various treatments options to be met, when the individual is presented incapable. Since it is a legal document, health care professionals and family members have to abide with individual’s health care directive. Personally I value autonomy, independence, family, dignity, and selflessness. These core personal values allow me to reflect, fully comprehend and accept the consequences to the health care decisions I make for myself. In conclusion, the sections of the health care directive
Physician-assisted suicide refers to the physician acting indirectly in the death of the patient -- providing the means for death. The ethics of PAS is a continually debated topic. The range of arguments in support and opposition of PAS are vast. Justice, compassion, the moral irrelevance of the difference between killing and letting die, individual liberty are many arguments for PAS. The distinction between killing and letting die, sanctity of life, "do no harm" principle of medicine, and the potential for abuse are some of the arguments in favor of making PAS illegal. However, self-determination, and ultimately respect for autonomy are relied on heavily as principle arguments in the PAS issue.
An advance health care directive or advance directive is a legal document that tells the doctor the wishes of a patient concerning health care. It provides a better chance of receiving the kinds of treatment a patient may or may not have when they are unable to voice those wishes to a doctor or family members. A patient may choose a living will, a medical directive, or a health care power of attorney or health care proxy, or a combination of the three.
The principle of autonomy states, that an individual’s decision must be respected in all cases, also an individual can act freely in accordance to their plan. For example, in a case where a patient and family demands to continue medical or surgical care and a physician want the patient to stop further treatment. In this case the patient’s choice will matter the most. According to the principle of autonomy it will be the patients and family choice whether to continue or discontinue treatment. The principle of beneficence which states, “one must promote good” comes into play in this case. In accordance to beneficence the patient will not benefit from the physicians responses personally. He/she will not benefit from harming her body with more surgeries. The patient will be going against the principle non-maleficence, which states that “one must cause no harm to an individual” by causing harm to herself. In this case the physician is justified in his/her actions by discontinuing medical or surgical care to the patient because it will not it her. These principles are what healthcare provider use to help and guide patients with the ...
Any individual has a right to accept or refuse medical treatment which is protected by law. At times, serious illness, injury or mental incapacitation makes people incapable of talking and what medical treatments they want. Such situations pose hard questions to patients, friends, health care workers and even family members. An advance directive is a legal document that allows doctors, family and friends to know your desired health care. This paper discusses the legal and ethical basis of advance directives. A sample advance directive (a living will) is given at the end of the discussion.
It is the patient’s decision to have a treatment or not depending of the severity of the treatment and how it will affect the patient. The nurse ethical dilemma is whether respect the family’s idea of not informing the patient or following the law regarding the patient’s right of knowing the truth. It is known by the nurse that their responsibility is to protect the safety of the patient and that is why making the decision of telling the truth to the patient knowing that it will affect him/her makes it so difficult. It is imperative for the nurses to know the right of the family members in the patient’s