The most common vertigo condition is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) (Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134; Liu 2012, p. 803; Mayo Clinic 2012a), sometimes referred to as benign postural vertigo, positional vertigo, or top shelf vertigo, as the patient will often experience dizziness when looking up (Better Health Channel 2011; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011). As the disease is benign, often with spontaneous recovery, doctors will often withhold referring patients to an otologist (Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134).
BPPV causes brief, but often intense, periods of dizziness when the patient moves their head (Better Health Channel 2011; Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134; Mayo Clinic 2012b; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011), with attacks usually lasting up to thirty seconds (Better Health Channel 2011; Liu 2012, p. 803). Other symptoms may include nausea and vomiting, blurred vision and uncontrollable eye movements or flickering, known as nystagmus (Better Health Channel 2011; Mayo Clinic 2012b; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011).
BPPV affects the vestibular apparatus, or inner ear; specifically the hair cells responsible for the detection of head movement. The cause of these symptoms is due to otoconia dislodging, moving into one or more of the semicircular canals within the inner ear (Liu 2012, p. 803; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011). Otoconia refers to calcium carbonate crystals that are normally in the saccule and utricle of the ear, and are responsible for stimulating the hair cells during head movements (Miriam-Webster Incorporated 2014). When these crystals move into the semicircular canals, a false sense of motion occurs due to the disruption of fl...
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... with the high success rate of clinical treatment for BPPV, there is still a 15% chance of the condition recurring especially if associated to trauma. Ongoing counselling to prepare patients will reduce anxiety, and help them to adjust their lifestyle accordingly (Bhattacharyya et al. 2008, p. 74).
For patients with no musculoskeletal contraindications, vestibular rehabilitation therapy may be prescribed. This will include a series of head movement exercises to address the dizziness; these help the patient adapt through continued exposure to the stimulus. Physical therapists may also prescribe balance retraining exercises to restore balance, strength and coordination. Therapy usually continues for up to six weeks and includes exercises for the patient to complete at home to aid rehabilitation (Vestibular Disorders Association 2013, p. 5).
Valani, R., Mikrogianakis, A., & Goldman, R. (2004). Cardiac concussion (commotio cordis). Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2004(6), 428-430.
Though complex and brilliantly written for its time, the plot of Alfred Hitchcock’s film, Vertigo, is only half of the genius behind it. Alfred Hitchcock’s unique presence as an auteur is truly what sets his films apart. There is symmetry to his shots that give the film an artistic feel, as if each frame were a painting. Many times, within this symmetry, Hitchcock places the characters in the center of the frame; or if not centered, then balanced by whatever else is adding density to the shot. For example, as Madeline sits and looks at the painting in the museum, there is a balance within the frame. To counter-act her position to the right of the painting, Hitchcock puts a chair and another painting on the left side, which is visually pleasing to the eye of the audience. The use of red and green not only adds a visual effect as well, but later serves as a clue that Madeline is not actually dead, when the women who looks like her is wearing a green dress.
In order to suit his needs Hitchcock transports the locale of Vertigo (1958) to the most vertical San Francisco city where the vertiginous geometry of the place entirely threatens verticality itself. The city with its steep hills, sudden rises and falls, of high climbs, dizzying drops is most appropriate for the vertiginous circularity of the film. The city is poised between a romantic Victorian past and the rush of present day life. We were able to see the wild chase of Scottie Ferguson (James Stewart) in search for the elusive Madeleine Elster (Kim Novak) and the ghost who haunts her, Carlotta Valdes in such spots as the Palace of the Legion of Honor, the underside of the Golden Gate Bridge at Fort Point, the Mission Dolores, Ernie’s restaurant,
A total of 22 patients were admitted for the study, with 11 on the BiPAP side and the other half on the BiPAP using the AVAPS. Every patient had to be in a select range of APACHE II score within 4, age within 10, pH within.04, Glasgow Coma Scale within 2, and BMI within 2 points; also referred by a doctor who did not know about the study. Both of the groups received the same parameters for their BiPAP machines, including an IPAP of 12 cmH2O, EPAP as 6 cmH2O, a tidal volume 8-12 ml/kg of ideal body weight, respiratory rate of 15 bpm, rise time 300-400 ms, and finally Helsinki-based inspiration time at a minimum of.6 seconds. Arterial blood gases, maximum tidal volumes and IPAP, EVT, leaks, respiratory and heart rates, and blood pressure were all assessed every 1, 3, 12, and then every 24 hours.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo is a thrilling film filled with mystery and suspense. However, Hitchcock left many unsolved issues at the end of this film. In contrast, when comparing Vertigo to more recent films of similar genre’, mysteries are usually always solved and thoroughly explained by the end of the film. Ironically, Hitchcock’s failure to explain everything to the audience in Vertigo is one of the film’s best attributes. This lack of knowledge allows the viewer to use their own imagination and speculate as to what might or might not have become of certain characters.
Tilikete, C., Rode, G., Rossetti, Y., Pichon, J., Ling, L., & Boisson, D. (2001). Prism adaptation to rightward optical deviation improves postural imbalance in left-hemiparetic patients. Current Biology, 524-528.
hitchcockVertigo stars James Stewart as Scottie, a retired detective, and Kim Novak as Judy Barton, who gets disguised as Madeleine, a woman hired by Scottie's friend to act as his wife in order to frame Scottie. The story takes place in San Francisco in the 1950's. The film opens on a high building, where officer Scottie and his partner are in pursuit of a suspect. Scottie's partner's life is on the line and only he can save him. Unfortunately, he has vertigo, a fear of heights. Scottie is unable to assist his partner who unfortunately falls to his death.
The film, Vertigo (1958) directed by Alfred Hitchcock, is classified as a genre combination of mystery, romance, suspense and thriller about psychological obsession and murder. Filmed on location in San Francisco and on the Paramount lot in Hollywood, California in 1957, the cultural features of the late 1950’s America were depicted in the films mise en scène by costume and set designs current for that time period. The film was produced at the end of the golden age of Hollywood when the studio system was still in place. At the time Vertigo was produced, Hollywood studios were still very much in control of film production and of actor’s contracts. Hitchcock’s groundbreaking cinematic language and camera techniques has had great impact on film and American popular culture and created a cult following of his films to this day.
Tessie is suffering from a severe (GCS 3) traumatic brain injury (traumatic brain injury classification using the Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) as mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8) (Teasdale & Jennett, 1974). Traumatic brain injury can be divided into two groups; primary such as focal hematomas, contusions, or diffuse injury and secondary such as hypoxia, hypo- or hypercarbia, hypotension, hyperthermia, and hypo- or hyperglycemia. Anisocoria (unequal pupil sizes) due to severe head injuries is a critical sign of an uneven increased pressure in the brain (due to herniation). Since the blood can't escape and the skull can’t expand in adults, increased pressure in the brain would compress the nerves and also would decrease
Hearing loss is a major global public health issue. Hearnet (2017) defines hearing loss as “a disability that occurs when one or more parts of the ear and/or the parts of the brain that make up the hearing pathway do not function normally” (para. 1). There are many different types of hearing loss, which can have multiple causes, giving each individual experiencing the issue a unique hearing loss case. These types include Auditory Processing Disorders, when the brain has problems processing sound information; Conductive Hearing Loss, a problem with the outer or middle ear which prevents sound making its way to the inner ear; and Sensorineural Hearing Loss, when the Cochlea or auditory nerve is damaged and cannot
Vestibular System Athletes must accomplish amazing feats of balance and coordination of the body. As scientist, Mikhail Tsaytin discovered in the 1970s, acrobats can successfully make a two person human tower in the dark, but after adding a third acrobat, not even the most talented can maintain the balance required to keep the tower intact while in the dark (1). What does darkness have to do with it? The point is that balance relies on at least three signals coming from the body, and one of those is sight. Once you eliminate one of these signals, the body cannot accomplish the required task.
If these therapies and medications are continued consistently and Nina cooperates in treatment, the likelihood of a successful recovery is high.
The way that each individual interprets, retrieves, and responds to the information in the world that surrounds you is known as perception. It is a personal way of creating opinions about others and ourselves in everyday life and being able to recognize it under various conditions. Each person’s perceptions are used as a kind of filter that every piece of information has to pass through before it determines the effect that it has or will have on the person from the stimulus. It is convincing to believe that we create multiple perceptions about different situations and objects each day. Perceptions reflect our opinions in many ways. The quality of a person’s perceptions is very important and can affect the response that is given through different situations. Perception is often deceived as reality. “Through perception, people process information inputs into responses involving feelings and action.” (Schermerhorn, et al.; p. 3). Perception can be influenced by a person’s personality, values, or experiences which, in turn, can play little role in reality. People make sense of the world that they perceive because the visual system makes practical explanations of the information that the eyes pick up.
Balance is maintained by a complex interaction of sensory parts of our body. The first are the inner ears, which monitor the directions of motion (such as side to side, back to front, up and down, and turning). Some people may feel dizzy without having to be spinning or turning. This dizziness is sometimes caused by an inner ear problem. Changes of fluids in the semicircular canals of the inner ear are one of the attributing factors of motion sickness. (1). Second, the eyes monitor where the body is in space and also the direction in which the motion is taking place. Third, the skin pressure receptors (joints and spine) send messages to the brain to inform what part of the body is down and touching the ground. Lastly, the muscle and joint sensory receptors are in charge of informing the brain which parts of the body are in motion. Through the interaction of all these parts, the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal c...
The five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell are all sensations throughout the human body. Sensation is the involvement of sensory receptors as well as the central nervous system in order to allow us to experience outside stimuli. The system that allows us to experience sensation is the sensory system.