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Aspects of Trench Warfare Essay
Aspects of Trench Warfare Essay
Aspects of Trench Warfare Essay
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In September of 1914, the British and French troops met the German troops at the Marne River. The German troops had been advancing toward Paris. The British and French troops were victorious in this battle and they crushed the hopes of Germany who wanted a quick takeover of the Western Front. After this battle, both sides dug trenches to maintain their positions. Both sides entered into a stalemate over the next four years. Each side battled from trenches making very little progress in their efforts to defeat each other. The trench warfare that took place over a few hundred yards of territory and cost both sides enormous casualties. Trench warfare proved to be a failure for both sides. The trenches built by both sides started as simple ditches. These foxholes were meant to provide protection for the troops during short battles. But as the fighting continued, more elaborate trenches were dug. As trenches evolved, they were built in a zig-zag pattern so that if an enemy got into the trench, he would not be able to shoot down the length of the trench. The front wall of the trench was ...
Imagine four years of justing trying to capture the other teams trench, how dreadfully boring. World war one a great war of powers, invoked first by serbia’s overwhelming feeling to be their own people separate from Austria-hungary which thus lead to the assassination of the archduke Ferdinand of the Austrian-hungarian empire, which then lead to all the countries allied with Austria-hungary to support Austria in it’s attack on serbia, then all the countries allied with serbia to bring up arms on Austria, and Austria’s allies. This in terms of alliances had come upon through imperialism that lead to germany already against Austria in terms of expansion.
With the German failure at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914 and the subsequent Allied counterattacks, the "Race to the Sea" began. This so called race ended at the North Sea coast after each army. attempted to outflank the other by moving north and west. This area of Flanders, described by one historian as having the dreariest. landscape in Western Europe, contained the last gap through which either side could launch a decisive thrust.
World War I, also known as the Great War, lasted from the summer of 1914 until the late fall of 1918. The war was fought between the Allies, which consisted mainly of the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire, and the Central Powers, which consisted mainly of the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria (Alliances - Entente and Central Powers). In total, it is estimated that twelve million civilians and nine million combatants died during this horrific and devastating war (DeGroot 1). When the war first began in 1914, many people thought that it would be a war of movement that would quickly be over. However, that changed when the Germans, who were trying to reach and capture the city of Paris in France, were forced to retreat during the Battle of the Marne in September 1914 (Ellis 10). German General von Falkenhayn, who felt that his troops must at all cost hold onto the parts of France and Belgium that they had overtaken, ordered his men to dig in and form defensive trench lines (Ellis 10). The Allies could not break through the enemies lines and were forced to create trenches of their own (Ellis 10). This was only the beginning of trench warfare. A war of movement had quickly come to a standstill on the Western Front. A massive trench line, 475 miles long, quickly spread and extended from the North Sea to the Swiss Frontier (Ellis 10). With neither side budging, soldiers were forced to live in the most miserable of conditions. Simply put, life in the trenches was a living hell. A lieutenant of the 2nd Scottish rifles wrote, “No one who was not there can fully appreciate the excruciating agonies and misery through which the men had to go [through] in those da...
The First World War saw a new form of warfare known as Trench warfare which involved trenches which were deep long dugouts made by the soldiers that lived in these trenches. The trenches proved useful as they protected the soldiers from artillery and bomb fire and were most likely situated in the eastern and western fronts of Europe. However the conditions of the trenches were far from exuberant but were in fact severely terrible. There was bad hygiene throughout the trenches, for example soldiers bathed probably only once a month and as such were prone to diseases such as trenches fever (which were due to the lice attracted by the bad hygiene). The weather was no exception as well, in the summer it would be too hot and in the winter it would be too cold and due to the nature of the trenches, when it rained the trenches would be filled with water, and due to such conditions welcomed the disease known as trench foot which was due to prolonged exposure to water and claimed the foots of many soldiers. There was also the constant danger of bomb fire and snipers would always be on the lookout for any movement. Latrines, which were toilets used in the trenches also sprouted fear as the enemy could see them in this area of the trenches and therefore were in constant danger of death. Soldiers also had to follow a strict code of conduct which was known as trench etiquette which ordered them to respect higher officers and they would have to be punished if the trench etiquette was ignored.
By December 1914 the First World War had reached a dilemma on the western front that neither the triple entente nor the triple alliance had expected. The war had reached a stalemate, a state where both sides are so evenly balanced that neither can breakthrough against the enemy. The advances in Technology played a big role in creating the stalemate through strong defensive weaponry such as Machine Guns and Artillery, this caused ‘trench warfare’ (BOOK 48). Trench war is when troops from both sides are protected from the enemy’s firepower through trenches. Many advances in technology also attempted to break the stalemate throughout the war with tanks, gas and aircraft, these however failed. Eventually the stalemate was broken through a combination of improved technology, new strategies and the blockading of the German ports.
war went on, was that of encouraging at least some degree L&LL. At the same time they stoically maintained a toecap-to-toecap confrontation with the German Army whilst periodically energetically pursuing the High Command’s policy of continuous offensive action. This meant that when the German High Command in 1918 finally felt obliged by external factors to take the great gamble of their last great offensive on the Western Front, the German Army suffered increasingly unsustainable levels of attrition to their armies. Secondly, by thus steadfastly holding the Germans and their allies at bay in the trenches, the trench fighters enabled the twin pressures of the Allied land and sea blockade, and the failure of German State’s domestic production, to squeeze the fighting heart out the German nation and its autocratic rulers.
There is a general discord among stakeholders on the definition of irregular warfare and where the term and concept fits within the joint and the individual services’ doctrine. The 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review report uses the term “irregular” only once in its one hundred and five pages and only in terms of a focus on building the joint force’s capability and capacity to deal with irregular warfare while maintaining a clear conventional and nuclear global superiority. Currently, the definition is ambiguous and results in conflict or duplication of efforts across Department of Defense stakeholders. For the purposes of this paper, the stakeholders discussed are the Army and the Marine Corps. Stakeholders must reach a consensus and clearly define irregular warfare in order to establish comprehensive irregular war policy and strategy.
The factors and themes of trench warfare during the twentieth century led to a mass communication failure. During the time of technical development of steel and communication, which had extended the Western Front stalemate of 1914-1918----. As the situation began to exacerbate, miscommunication based on trench warfare paved the way as a form of rite of passage which led to battlefield failures in all degrees. Although new methods of communication expanded exponential growth during the war years, the recognition of communication holistically failed to reach full potential. Especially on the Western Front as it only achieved interminable stalemate of causalities.
In September of 1914 trench warfare was introduced, less than 2 months after the start of WWI. Trench warfare got increasingly better as the war continued. By the next year,1915, the trench defenses increased not only by size, but also by effectiveness. As Robert Donald from the Daily Chronicle stated, “I do not see why the war in this area should not go on for a hundred years... The trenches are deeper, dug-outs better made, tunnels are longer, and the charges of explosives heavier.”
Trenches weren’t dug in straight lines, but were instead dug in a zig-zag pattern. The WW1 trenches were built as a system, in a zigzag pattern with many different levels along the lines. They had paths dug so that soldiers could move between the levels.
These trenches were fourteen-thousand miles long and six to eight feet deep. This strategy wasn’t very successful as it went on for years. The trenches resulted in many deaths which usually lead to infections and disease spread throughout the troops. Some of these infections were deadly and killed more troops than the actual battle did. The trenches favored the defender because they just sit in the trenches since there is no need to push on the enemy trenches. The enemy has to send soldiers down through no man's land where most will get shot down by soldiers firing from the defender's trenches or by artillery fire.The trench warfare was not the best strategy at the
French Soldier Thomas has died bravely fighting for the French army. I hope I can return his journaling to his family as soon as possible. But to conclude,The Battle of the Marne saw the German attempt to win the war against the British and French in a month, failed. Instead, the German Army was forced to fall back to the line of the Aisne River, the line between the opposing sides. The British Expeditionary Force occupied positions to the north of the Marne River. The Cavalry Division lay around Lucy le Bocage on the right, the most advanced of the British formations. 5th Cavalry Brigade lay at La Baudière, just west of the Cavalry Division. All though both sides suffered many casualties, the Allies managed to conquer their
The trenches were originally constructed to provide protection for the soldiers during the warfare. The men quickly realized that the trenches did not provide the shelter originally sought after. The majority of trenches were around one-to-two meters wide and three meters deep, leaving little to no space to move around comfortably. Enemy bombs and gunfire made it necessary to constantly repair the trenches (KidsKonnect). The trenches tried providing “shelter” for the men (a hole cut into the side of the trench- similar to a crawl
Trench Warfare devastated the British and French soldiers fighting in France during World War One through the destruction of land. Shell bursts and land mines were a vital factor in the destruction of French land during World War One. "If you were a British officer peering into no man's land, what met your gaze resembled the cratered surface of the moon..." (Hochschild 135). The shell bursts that were launched from allied and enemy trenches completed destroyed French land, which made it hard for soldiers to move across the battlefield. Besides explosions, land was destroyed by militaries building camps and trenches for the war. "The simple presence of military forces took land out of agricultural use for camps, training grounds, firing ranges, airfields, and many other purposes, and gave rise to localized destruction" (Clout 33). The presence of the military gave rise to localized destruction, which ruins the natural resources that soldiers can use. The military also ravaged the land and used anything they came across for themselves in battle. A French soldier reported: "Close to the front, the enemy stripped houses of doors, shutters, cupboards and especially bedding, which they carried into the trenches...They slaughtered farm animals, taking the best parts to eat and leaving the rest to rot" (Clout 33-34). The
The trenches were dug by the soldiers; sometimes the soldiers would just dig the trenches straight into the ground. They would need to build the trenches quickly because of enemy fire. Sometimes they would extend the trench from the end of the old one, it was a lot safer but, it still took a long time.