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The Failure of the League of Nations
League of Nations and its role in maintaining world peace after the First World War
Failures of The League of Nations
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Though the League of Nations prevented the out break of war among some nations, it had many failures as well. It’s biggest failure was containing all the world’s major powers. The first issue they faced was that the country whose president came up with the idea of the League of Nations, refused to join. The prestige of the League of Nations was greatly effected because America was one of the most powerful states. Another weakness of the league was that Germany was not allowed to join because they were the reason the war started. Since Germany was not able to join, they lost out on whatever strength Germany had against aggressor nations. Russia was also not allowed to join because of their communist government. This left the League of Nations without the support of the three most powerful nations and would only leave them to enforce economic sanctions on the nations. (Darity 385-386) Aside, from clearly failing to obtain it’s most high profile roles, it also failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II. In Article 11 of the League’s Covenant, it stated “Any war or threat of war is a matter of concern to the whole League and the League shall take action that may safe guard peace.” This meaning that any conflict between two nations which resulted in a war, would be considered a failure for the League (Benjamin). The first nation that resulted in a failure for the League was Italy. In 1919, Italian nationalist felt the “Big Three” broke promises to Italy at the Treaty of Versailles. The Italian nationalists decided to capture a small port in Fiume. This port was given to Yugoslavia by the Treaty of Versailles. The League did not step in to help solve this disagreement. Instead for 15 months Fiume was governed by d’Annunzio, an It... ... middle of paper ... ... Nations failed to stop Japan from taking over the Manchurian province as a satellite state or to force Italy out of Ethiopia. This allied both Japan and Italy with Nazi Germany. Germany took over Austria in March 1938 and the Sudeten part of Czechoslovakia was ceded by Hitler. March of 1939 Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia. The leagues failure to control Germany led to the start of WWII when they invaded Poland (Merriman and Winter). Though the League of Nations did have some success, their failures outweighed them. They had worked hard to ensure their members would be protected from any form of war, but in the end, some countries had the power that over ridded the Leagues power. The League of Nations later became the foundation for the United Nations after World War II. The United Nations also faced many issues that the League had previously faced.
Germany, Hitler in specific, was one of the leading reasons as to why the world plunged into World War II. Hitler was allowed to take control over Czechoslovakia by Britain, France, and Italy to keep him
The League of Nations did not prevent another World War due to numerous different reasons. First of all, the League of Nations whole identity was to maintain peace, discourage aggression from any nation, and to inspire other countries to cooperate especially in the field of trading different resources. One of the main ideas involved in the non-prevention of another war by the League of Nations was the Treaty of Versailles. The League of Nation was fully responsible for the process of the treaty going through the International Court of Justice. One the treaty was signed, Germany was reprimanded unethically. The Germans soon started cheating and developed military forces like submarines in the region of the Netherlands and placed tanks in Russia.
World War II officially got under way in 1939 when the Germans, led by Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland and violated nearly every law placed against them from the Treaty of Versailles. It was nearly impossible for the Germans not to violate the Treaty of Versailles because over 100 of the 140 clauses agreed on were targeted against the Germans. The treaty placed the blame for World War I on Germany, forcing them to pay for nearly the entire war in reparations. This led to a German economic collapse, a change in the government of Germany, and also the start of World War II. When Hitler was put into power he began invading other countries and dwindling down the population of his own country, leading to World War II. When World War II started there were two sides to the war, the Axis, consisting of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which formed after the signing of the tripartite pact, and the Allies, consisting of the France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. Some of the United States’ most important battles of World War II happened in the Pacific. The Pacific contained a great portion of World War II. The Americans and Japanese accounted for most of the action that occurred. The Japanese had gained a multitude of momentum from the Bombing of Pearl Harbor, a United States military base, the Invasion of Manchuria, in which they took over the country, and the Invasion of China. After these huge victories and mass expansion, the Japanese looked practically unstoppable, but they ran into two major problems; The Battle of Coral Sea, in which the United States defeated the Japanese, hindering their expansion efforts, and the turning point in the Pacific, the Battle of Midway.
World War II was a war unlike any other war that has occurred in the history of the war. In studying this war, there are some significant events that contributed to the start of World War II, that led to the US's entrance into W.W.II, and events that helped bring an end to W.W.II. The failure of the Geneva Peace conference, Hitler's annexation of Austria, the Spanish Civil War, Hitler's acquisition of Czechoslovakia, the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Germany's invasion of Poland, and the fall of France all contributed greatly to the start of World War II. Some events that contributed to the entrance of the US into the war were Italy's invasion on Ethiopia, Japan's invasion of China, the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the Destroyer-Base Deal, the Nye Committee, and the Lend-Lease Act. The Invasion of Italy, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, and the fall of Berlin to the Soviets were five of the events that contributed to the ending of World War II.
Germany was economically frail subsequent to World War I. The Treaty of Versailles had held them accountable for the cause, and the Great Depression further deteriorated their condition. Germany was ambitious for power and resources. Envisioning world domination, Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany, led his Nazi Party to invade Poland in 1939. France and Britain guaranteed to offer military support if Poland were to become attacked; they declared war, initiating World War II.
most important of these reasons are : Treaty of Versaille, League of Nations, and Hitler
World War I caused a lot of damage to different countries and the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany harshly for starting the war. In the years following the war, Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power and gained control of Germany and its government. Also, the League of Nations was set up to help keep peace between countries.
Nationalism is being patriotic towards one’s own country. It took place in the nineteenth century to those people who shared a language, history and culture. Nationalism led to creation of new powers, which are Italy and Germany. As these countries became united and stronger, they created war against other countries.
If you think about it, throughout the course of several years a country could possibly run into hundreds of disputes and small wars. If America had to come to that country’s aid time and time again, it could get very draining on the population, economy, and government. Joining The League may also have allowed foreign hands to grasp hold of America and possibly try to take over. If one of the countries had tried this, there would have been another, very large war much sooner than
...action to Japan’s use of force and simply not being confident of going to war with Japan. Therefore, because these permanent members of the League had no interest in stopping Japan, the League did not do anything. Furthermore, powerful countries including the USA and USSR were not part of the League and this greatly reduced the League’s authority. Lastly, the only action that the League did take – the Lytton Committee and Report, bore no fruits and exposed the League’s vulnerability to the world. As Italian Prime Minister said, ‘The League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out’. During the 1920s, the League was able to solve minor disputes between relatively small countries. However, because the crisis in Manchuria involved Japan, a major power, the League was helpless against it and was unable to stop Japan taking over Manchuria.
The predecessor of the United Nations was the ill-fated League of Nations, which was conceived under similar circumstances after World War I. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent World War II.
The failures of the league do out way the successes. The league did fail in co-operation and working in unity. The major member states were to blame mainly due to their selfish decisions and disagreements against the league. The league was a success to the extent where decisions did not require armed forces or going against a large nation.
weakness of the League was that it did not have an army of its own.
...from a pure liberal imagination of global rights but instead, it was a materialization of the British Empire under the queen; Victorian. Smut offered a draft preamble for what was to become the UN charter in 1940s. The body was reshaped by the same imperial thoughts. As he points out, the new organization shunned many of the prior principles of self-determination and minority protection that the League had adopted and for which League officials had organized votes across war-torn Europe. In contrast to its initial objective, the league had been busy in conducting votes and scheming boundary lines across Europe. It is attributed to the refusal it had to the Germans in Eastern Europe on the exclusive right of self rule given to others. Mazower points out that the new UN organization took some decades to rediscover its self-determination. Its main aim had been changed.
World War II, a war of the twentieth century, was primarily caused by a cruel leader, Adolf Hitler. Coming out of the First World War was the Covenant of the League of Nations which included peace treaties that were signed at the end of the war. As Article 11 states, “Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affecting any of the members of the League or not, is hereby declared a matter of concern to the whole League and the League shall take any action that may be deemed…” (The Covenant of the League of Nations, 333). In other words, the League of Nations was to take care of any potential war by preventing it from o...