Starch is the predominant carbohydrates source in our diets. The digestion of starch in human starts in oral cavity and involves the enzyme amylase, it is produced by the salivary gland, and it is able to hydrolyze the alpha -1,4 glyosidic linkages in starch. (Tracey 2016) The presence of salivary amylase makes the process of digesting starch to occur in a much faster and efficient manner, since it does not have to wait till the food mixture to get into small intestine to start the breakdown of starch. The variation of this enzymatic activities among individuals are found to be significant. The fact that one individual has a higher concentration of salivary amylase compare to another is found to be somehow related to the starch level of the …show more content…
(Tracy ) This suggests that the AMY1A might be the products of gene duplications, which can account for an event of genetic revolution. The copy number variants also exist in the AMY1A gene among individuals, recent research also shows evidence that there is a positive correlation between the number of AMY1 gene copies and the concentration of amylase within individuals. (Perry) Since a gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a specific protein, the higher the amount of this sequence one possess, the higher the chances this gene is being transcribed and translated into a functional protein, therefore increases the production of the protein overall. The different number of the same gene copy among individuals, can be thought as a factor that contributes to the genetic diversity among the same species. The different levels of gene expressions across same species give rise to every unique individual within the same species with its very own unique biological …show more content…
That is based on the geographical origin my family history is China, and rice as the major component in a Chinese daily diet which leads to a relative high level of starch diet. However, my ancestors did not have much access to food source at that time, my personal data should not be significant higher than the mean of the class. 2) concentration of amylase within the individuals is equivalent to the hypothesized starch level of individuals’ ancestral diet as the sample size of the whole class. 3) the levels of expression of amylase is in a positive correlation with the number of AMY1A gene
== Amylase is an enzyme found in our bodies, which digest starch into
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
Investigating the Rate of Reaction between Amylase and Starch. Plan Aim: To be able to The aim of this investigation is to find out whether the volume of amylase affects the rate of reaction between amylase and starch. Prediction: I predict that the greater the volume of amylase then the faster the rate of reaction between the starch and amylase. I predict this because of the lock and key hypothesis.
Gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism. The important sources of energy for human and microbial cells are carbohydrates. Most complex carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides, such as cellulose, xylans, resistance starch and inulin cannot be digested by the human enzymes. The gut micro...
The enzyme pancreas amylase causes the decomposition of starch. The starch during the chemical reaction broken down into disaccharides, lactase, sucrase, and maltase forms of pure sugar. Disaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides. Lactase changed into lactose, then into glucose and galactose sucrase changed sucrose into glucose and fructose these are all forms of sugars. These sugar may not all be utilized by the body. Maltase breaks down maltose 2 form molecules of glucose. Protein -stomach Pepcid and HCI break down proteins. These protein continue during the chemical reaction change to polypeptides. In the small intestines- Trypsin breaks down proteins and polypeptides to dipeptides. Then the dipeptides are changed into chymotrypsin decomposition of proteins and polypeptides to dipeptides. Carboxypeptidase breaks down polypeptides and dipeptides to amino acids. Aminopeptidase disintegrates of polypeptides & dipeptides to amino acids. Dipeptidase dissects of dipeptides to amino acids. Amino acids are more utilized by the digestive process; they are the building blocks of protein. Fats start the chemical digestive process in the mouth, this maybe because that many fats take longer to decompose. Lingual lipase has a minor role in beginning fat digestion. The stomach has an immense amount of chemical reaction going on at one time.
arg.gov.sk.ca - arg.gov.sk.ca - arg.gov.sk.ca - arg.gov.sk.ca - arg.gov Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of dietary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et al.
Nutritional anthropology applies the anthropological approach to nutritional disciplines by studying and understanding how the interactions of social and biological factors affect the nutritional status of individuals and populations. Dettwlyer conducted a medical anthropological research assessing the nutritional status of individuals living in a population in Mali, Africa. She defined it as to be a biocultural approach because the research did not only pertain to the biological system of the people but cultural dogmas, infant feeding practices, socio-economic status, political-ecological factors also contributed as much. Death rates and child malnutrition rates are very high in Mali, it being one of the poorest countries of the world. Therefore, Dettwlyer being a nutritional anthropologist extends her study to the children of Mali who are malnutritioned as a result of their birth in poor families; because their mothers have a low status in their prosperous extended family households; ethno-cultural tenets, etc.
Michael Pollan makes arguments concerning the eating habits of the average American. Pollan suggests, in spite of our cultural norms, we should simply “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly Plants.”
I have learned a lot from this two-day diet analysis assignment. In my two day assessment, I recorded my food intake, quantities, drinks, snacks, condiments, where and who I was with during the meal, the time of day, and the amount of time I spent eating. I was able to analyze my diet to examine what I was eating and what types of nutrients I was getting. I then compared all aspects with my recommended levels of nutrients for my dietary recommended intake. I learned that my eating habits are not the best and could lead to serious health problems in the future that may be detrimental.
Nutritionism and Today’s Diet Nutritionism is the ideology that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components. In the book, “In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan, he critiques scientists and government recommendations about their nutritional advice. Pollan presents a strong case pointing out the many flaws and problems that have risen over the years of following scientific studies and government related warnings on the proper amount of nutrients needed for a healthy diet. Pollan’s main point is introducing science into our food system has had more of a negative impact than a positive one, we should go back to eating more of a traditional diet. I believe food science has given us
The process of digestion is really quite fascinating. I completely understand why you would think that digestion only occurs in the stomach. There are lots of people out there who think that.
Fuel your day with a delicious spread that is part of a complete breakfast. With many essential ingredients for maintaining a healthy diet, why would two mothers from California file a lawsuit against this breakfast spread (7)? The breakfast spread they have been feeding their children, although seemingly beneficial, has the nutritional values of a candy bar. However, Nutella continues to contribute to Ferrero family’s net-worth of over $26 billion (10).
Complexity of compounds is the reason they must be absorbed long before the physical activity. Starch a main area of complex carbohydrates. It has several bonds. Starches are tightly bound carbon molecules and have several attaching elements. This bonding complexity is the reason starches are capable of retaining large amounts of energy. These compounds should be taken into an athlete's body prior to intense physical activity because an energy storage supply is necessary when simple compounds are completely oxidized.
... and nutritious experience by giving people actual experience to see, feel and taste what is nutrition about (Hegler, 2010).
Describe the process of food digestion within the gastrointestinal tract. In your answer, make sure to address the following questions: (19 marks total)