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Multiculturalism in malaysia essay
Malaysia culture diversity
Multiculturalism in Malaysia
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As we all know, Malaysia has more than 27 million people in 2008 and this figure is rising from time to time. This country is consists of more than 200 ethnic groups live in harmony and peaceful stay. Among the largest ethnic group is consists of Malays, Chinese, Indians, Kadazan -Dusun, Banjar, Iban and others. Socio-cultural diversity of Malaysia can be viewed in terms of race, social structure, language, customs and gender. Differences and socio-cultural diversity is difficult to doubt in a country like Malaysia, which is born of the multi-ethnic communities each bring socio-ethnic different cultures inherited from your grandmother-earlier ancestor.
What is the socio-cultural? In general, culture means the way of pupils’ live their life. From the sociological viewpoint, culture from the Sanskrit word buddayah, which is the plural of the word Budhi, meaning morals or common sense generally discuss matters of common sense and humanity. The force is a Malay word meaning Daya, which means power strength, power and influence. As to the two words are combined (cultural) means energy, thought, effort or spiritual power that moves the soul. According to Taylor (1871), “culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. Thus, the culture can be defined as a civilization or civilization. It also means the development of mind or common sense on how to think and behave.
However, in relation to human psychology, culture is part of humans’ everyday life. Matsumoto (2002) said that 'culture played as basic and important a role in understanding and contributing to human beh...
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... Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia who lived together in the past have formed a Malaysian identity. Nations also refers to social values such as cooperation, tolerance, respect, friendship, patience and persistence that can be nurtured among students to shape the classroom environment healthy and dynamic.
As we all know, there are many people who can be identified in Malaysia. Among the Malays, Chinese, Indians and other ethnic groups such as the Peninsula ethnic Baba and Nyonya, ethnic in Sabah, the Kadazan, Bajau and Murut ethnic groups in Sarawak and also the Melanau, Bidayuh and Iban role . All ethnic groups in Malaysia are able to live in peace and unity. Although they have thought, lifestyle, way of speaking different but as Malaysians united and harmonious, all that aside. All Malaysians have an identity that can be understood by all the Malay language.
Culture often means an appreciation of the finer things in life; however, culture brings members of a society together. We have a sense of belonging because we share similar beliefs, values, and attitudes about what’s right and wrong. As a result, culture changes as people adapt to their surroundings. According to Bishop Donald, “let it begin with me and my children and grandchildren” (211). Among other things, culture influences what you eat; how you were raised and will raise your own children? If, when, and whom you will marry; how you make and spend money. Truth is culture is adaptive and always changing over time because
Ruth Benedict’s anthropological book, Patterns of Culture explores the dualism of culture and personality. Benedict studies different cultures such as the Zuni tribe and the Dobu Indians. Each culture she finds is so different and distinctive in relation to the norm of our society. Each difference is what makes it unique. Benedict compares the likenesses of culture and individuality, “A culture, like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought or action” (46), but note, they are not the same by use of the word, “like.” Benedict is saying that figuratively, cultures are like personalities. Culture and individuality are intertwined and dependent upon each other for survival.
With this paper I wanted to focus on psychological aspects that had to do with a different side of the culture. There are three key aspect of information from the c...
The term culture refers to a broad spectrum of general human society that can be delineated as “the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious or social group” as well as “the characteristic features of everyday existence...shared by people in a place or time.” However, with such a vast notion that acts to give meaning to the various methods of operation used by the equally various societies and their respective members worldwide, the definition of culture can be stretched and expanded because of culture’s flexibility as a conceptual aspect of humanity that surrounds, defines, and permeates those in it. Simple attributes such as a group of people, a civilization’s geography, and a set of societal features can
Having a sense of belonging is one of several fundamental human needs and national identity refers to a person’s sense of belonging to one country with its history, values and traditions. Since achieving independence in 1957, the issue of Malaysia’s national identity has been in the spotlight due to its strong social, political and economical factors implication. As a multi-cultural country, the search for a national identity is not an easy undertaking as Malaysians consist of different ethnics such as Malay, Chinese and Indian. Each ethnic group contributes their own unique culture and religion, hence making it difficult to form a Malaysian identity. In fact, in September 2010, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak announced the 1 Malaysia concept. This concept acts as a call-for-action for the government leaders and bodies to place a greater emphasis on national unity and ethnic tolerance. This demonstrates that even at present day, Malaysia’s national identity remains unsettled. Architecture plays an important role in achieving national identity and this essay aims to discuss the significant events that transpire throughout the history of the country that contributed in shaping and altering Malaysian vernacular architecture as well as to examine why Malaysia’s national identity still remains unsettled.
Psychology is the study of different behaviors and acts of each individual based on the way they are raised and brought up. Cultural psychology is specified as the study of behaviors and actions based on different cultures and traditions. The world is full of cultures. Each culture attempts to have its own psychological belief when it comes to different matters and events. Some cultures agree on some matters; while they disagree on others. Almost every culture view things differently. Yet sometimes they decide to accept these differences, and sometimes they do not. Also, some cultures view some psychological matters at the same level unexpectedly.
To conclude, cultures are a major part of our lives and they constitute the image we see the world in. cultures can sometimes influence us, even in ways we don’t expect. Sometimes we find ourselves forced in cultures with negative stereotypes but that does not mean we should be ashamed of those cultural groups but rather embrace our culture and stray from the negative characteristics of that
Lastly, but most importantly, understanding the culture and its background provides a valuable insight and an ‘umbrella theme’ of a country. According to Geert Hofstede’s Cultural dimensions, Malaysia has one of the highest power distance index in the world, with one of the lowest uncertainty avoidance index. It is highly related to the beliefs of Islam and this creates a society where leaders have virtually ultimate power and authority, and the rules, laws, and regulations developed by those in power, reinforce their own leadership and control. It is not unusual for new leadership to arise from armed insurrection – the ultimate power, rather than from diplomatic or democratic change .
Hefner, R. W. (2001). The politics of multiculturalism: Pluralism and citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people…Culture in its broadest sense of cultivated behavior; a totality of a person’s learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social learning (http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/choudhury/culture.html).
Malaysia and Indonesia have the same problem of ethnic division. Major ethnics that heavily divided in Malaysia are Malay (bumiputera), Chinese, and Indian. While major ethnic in Indonesia that heavily divided are Chinese, Javanese, and in minor case, Papua. Foreign occupation and attachment are also prevalent in both countries particularly during colonial era where Indonesia was colonialized by Netherland and Japan and received great influence from United States of America (US) and USSR during Cold War. While Malaysia occupied by British colonial during colonial period, it also receives great influence from United States during Cold War era. The deep division among ethnic in Indonesia during Suharto era can be linked to the Cold War context of that era. After the 30th September tragedy, Indonesian society at that time were in trauma to communist idea due to Indonesia Communist Party (PKI) was suspected to be the one behind G30S. Soeharto who later become president employ a strategy of anti-communism. Indonesia then supported by US who oppose communism, US gave abundant aids and loans to Indonesia. Chinese-descendants who were seen as having close relation with communist regime of People’s Republic of China was forced to ‘Indonesianize’ their name and forced to have one nationality. Their religion,
Humans’ behaviors are often guided by their culture because culture can influence their psychological processes.
Jali, N.H.M., M. Redzuan, A.A. Saman, and I.H.M. Rashid. 2010. Malaysian Studies: Nationhood and Citizenship. Petaling Jaya: Prentice Hall.
It is difficult to understand the term culture. What is culture? Is it a utopian dream, is it a shared group of interests that bring a community together, or is it just simply a way of life? There are so many questions surrounding culture and its meaning. Raymond Williams described culture as “maps of meaning through which the world is made intelligible”, whether we agree with this definition or not, he was right in saying that the term culture is one of the most “complicated words in the English language”;
The tagline, “One Vision, One Identity, One Community,” seems hopelessly nave and coldly calculating all at once. Its bubbly lettering asserts unequivocally that ASEAN member-nations are united in all things, counter to what the image itself might have you believe. The formation and continued dominance of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) speaks to the concerns of those who identify as “ethnic Malay” that their threadbare demographic majority could be easily overturned in time. Ibid.