CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT DEFINITION
Advances in technology over the past decades have enabled the rapid evolution of industrial process that support an increasingly large portion of the modern society way of life. The main goal of these standards is to clarify the requirements for different applications and systems, in order to elevate their safety to an acceptable level.
A Safety Control System (SCS) consists of an engineered set of hardware and software controls which are especially used on critical process systems. A critical process system can be identified as one which, once running and an operational problem occurs, the system may need to be put into a "Safe State" to avoid adverse Safety, Health and Environmental(SH&E) consequences. Examples of critical processes have been common since the beginning of the Industrial Age. One of the more well-known critical processes is the operation of a steam boiler. Critical parts of the process would include the lighting of the burners, controlling the level of water in the drum and controlling the steam pressure.
When engineering a safety system, its safety integrity must be built in. In other words, the safety integrity of the intended system architecture has to be predicted and evaluated. IEC 61508 is the major functional safety standard that introduces the concept of the safety integrity level (SIL).
1.2 OBJECTIVES
There is a large number of industrial processes where an erroneous operation can lead to important damage to their environment, and economical losses. That is why these processes, and the machines involved, must be designed to operate safely. However, the high automation and management levels required nowadays make necessary to use electronic systems for th...
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... multiple contact relays are used, in a similar way as the failure detection for the dynamic outputs, described in the preceding section.
FIGURE 6
Ra Ra Rb
Rb Rc Rc
Critical load\
1.6 Benefits of SCS
• Safer operation
• Efficiency enhancement
• Environmental safety
• According to safety rules for industries
These are basic benefits. There may be more reliable operation of plant and reliable processes achieved.
Hence this system allows to design control systems with a high safety level as well as a big increase in maintainability. Any failure can be detected by the control system and the installation will be always in a safe state. When the system allows to identify its own failures, the corrective maintenance tasks are simplified, so the maintainability and the plant availability increase.
1.4 – State why and when health and safety control equipment, identified by the principles of protection, should be used relating to types, purpose and limitations of each type, the work situation, occupational use and the general work environment, in relation to:
Physical and environmental security programs are generally considered to be a collection of mechanisms and controls put into place that help ensure the availability of information technology capabilities. These programs protect an organization from fire, flood, theft, power failure, intentional, and even unintentional damage through negligence. Implementation of these programs at the organizational level can take place in a number of ways but most organizations choose to follow the application of a body of standards, usually set forth by an organization such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Once such body of standards put forth by ISO/IEC is 27002, Information technology – Security techniques – Code of practice for information secur...
Introduction: the aim of this assignment is to gain general awareness and an understanding of the legal requirements and responsibilities that are involved in the safe working practices associated with robotic assisted manufacture. This is to be achieved by the identification of associated hazards with robotic applications and provide an understanding of how these hazards are overcome.
Using manual welding, it is very tricky to achieve the utmost standards of quality and safety. This is mainly due to ce...
...ial approaches which are Normal Accident and HROs, although it seems certain that both of them tends to limit the progression that can contribute toward achieving to highly protective systems. This is because the scope of the problems is too narrow and the potential of the solutions is too limited as well. Hence, Laporte and Consolini et.al., (1991) as cited in Marais, et.al., (2004) conclude that the most interesting feature of the high reliability organization is to prioritize both performance and security by the managerial oversight. In addition, the goal agreement must be an official announcement. In essence, it is recommended that there is a continuing need in the high risk organizations for more awareness of developing security system and high reliability environment in order to gain highly successful method to lower risk in an advance technology system.
No I don’t think benefits can outweigh the cost of production in manner because of the following reasons:
Environmental impact: Eliminating flaring and venting of gas. Reducing carbon emissions. Small foot print compared to conventional.
Another aspect of ICS is a term called span of control. Span of control relates to the number of individuals or resources that one supervisor can manage effectively on emergency response incidents (). Being able to maintain an effective span of control helps to ensure the safety and accountability in the field. The recommended span of control on most incidents can vary from three to seven, however, the optimum goal is five reporting to one supervisor.
The first stage of automation in the metal industry, completely mechanical,simple and automatic looms that were carried out for specific parts. It loomsautomation, cam, changing settings, making the stop is provided. It’s also the first bench,with chip removal, screws, bolts and nuts, pieces were produced. This so-called automata cam Machine tools developed up to the present time it has reached. However, the program, in the form of a camand there is no flexibility of inventory adjustment that is done. The lack of flexibility of programmingmade during the manufacture of the accounts and the difficulty of the cam and the transition from one track to another, The length of time during the automation of machine tools developed as a result of new types of took needs.
Safety procedures is a set of guidelines used warrant a condition of being protected from danger risk or injury.
Today the technological world has developed and has continued to innovate to provide an easier lifestyle. This is the main focus of automation. Automation has gained more recognition from people in the business and industrial sectors. The purpose of this report is to discuss and inform the overview knowledge in the automation field. “Automation is the system of manufacture designed to extend the capacity of machines to perform certain tasks formerly done by humans, and to control sequences of operations without human intervention” (Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2017, p. 1). Humans are capable of such incredible things and have improved throughout time even develop automated technology to do those tasks. Automation and the technology
The purpose of this report is showing how to apply the control process in the
Control system that is self-control by changing from raw data to information for the system to function as defined, such as automatic temperature control tools or automated aircraft engine, etc.
The present technology has found its use in almost every sector making the industries, businesses and institutions to use it for their daily activities since it brings a lot of benefits.
It’s true what everyone talks about safety – you are the key to your safety, when you do it safely you do it the right way and the best gift you can give to your family is to always stay safe. We have been taught by our parents and teachers to be cautious while doing a number of things. That’s very essential in our daily lives, because one needs to be extra cautious to prevent unavoidable accidents. However, mishaps do happen everywhere in the safest of places, no matter how careful we are in our actions. It is highly unpredictable, what’s going to happen the very next instant. There are numerous incidences we come across like simple trips, falls, cuts due to sharp objects, burns or sudden worsening of a person’s health condition, causing