Essay On Progressive Tense

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3.3.3 Compound tenses English Progressive and Perfect aspects can be combined with past, present, and future tense to form the following compound tenses: Progressive Tenses Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Perfect-Progressive Tenses Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive To talk about compound tenses Shopen (1987) introduces a category of relative tense. Relative tense means that a situation is temporally located in relation to some other situation, either as being simultaneous with it, prior to it, or subsequent to it. He opposes the relative tense to the absolute tense, accenting the complex (compound) nature of the former. A combination of present tense with progressive aspect constitutes the present progressive tense (is writing). It is used to describe a situation in progress at the present moment: TU = TT)⊂TS. The main distinction between the present and past progressive (was writing), which also relates to an ongoing situation, lies in the past location of the reference point: TS ⊂TT According to the logic of the tense formation the future progressive (will be writing) should be used to denote a situation in progress subsequent to the present moment. Nevertheless, Leech (1971) argues that it is hardly the most common use of the future progressive. He claims that the future progressive is rather used as future-as-a-matter-of-course to indicate that the predicted event will happen independently of anyone’s will (e.g.: I can give you a lift. I... ... middle of paper ... ...screpancies. English and German are most similar in their use of the simple present and future, although the pragmatic uses of the future tense are not identical. The major dissimilarities are displayed in relation to the categories of Perfect and Progressive. First, the Perfekt vs. the Presect Perfect opposition makes it clear that the German present perfect tense has an ambiguous temporal reference, covering not only the prototypical perfect meanings, but also the meaning and the use of the Präteritum. Second, due to the absence of the grammaticalized progressive aspect in German the durative qualities in Präsens, Präteritum and Futur I cannot be expressed morphologically. To convey the continuative nature of a situation German relies on the inherent qualities of the verb, the context of the verb, lexical expressions and other lexical means (e.g. adverbials).

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