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One of the primary changes between 1700 and 1750 was the changes in population, in the English colonies, increasing from 250,000 to one million. In the seventeenth century most of the immigrants to English North America came from England. In the eighteenth century they came instead from Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Germany (http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects.pdf).
This growth in population was attributed to both immigration and natural increase, as young women married and had children. As the population grew, the settlers’ needs quickly outgrew the confines of their small towns. Land was distributed within families by inheritance, divided between the children. However, when families would often have six or more children, land that was once more than sufficient to support a family, once divided, was no longer enough to support the newer generations as well. The young men who could no longer inherit a substantial amount of land were now forced to venture
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away from their home town to find their own land to support their family. In more rural areas, as the settlers began migrating to America, they built settlements or small villages, often surrounded by a tall wall. All of the settlers in that area would live together within the confines of these walls. This was primarily a safety measure because it offered protection from the wild life and more importantly, the often violent attacks by the Indians. Almost all of the initial colonies were established along the Atlantic coast. Most likely, this was a result of the limited means of transportation available during this era. At a time where travel by land from New York to Philadelphia took two days, the coastal location enabled convenient access to the water for shipping, trade and also for new settlers to reach the colonies. The expanding society also necessitated expanding government.
In order for the government to expand, it needed money. In an attempt to secure additional revenue, the government stopped granting land to the settlement for disbursement amongst their church members and began selling it instead. Anyone, regardless of church affiliation or status, could now obtain their own land by purchasing it directly from the government. The price of the land was determined by its distance from town, the condition of the soil, and whether it had been cleared or improved upon.
The increased demand for land, combined with this new ability to purchase the land, led to a change in the demographics of settlement. Instead the close protected towns, they began to settle down in individual farms outside of the towns where they could purchase larger parcels of land for less money. This was a catalyst in the transition away from the church governed society and set the foundation for a society run by the
government.
Another reason they bought land was to give their children a better future so that he/she could do the same. The sons looked upon their father to inherit them with land, but how much can an average colonist afford if he had more than just one son. An example that Gross provides in his book is of a young man who looked upon his father to give him some land. That young man was Purchase Brown a seventeen year old boy, whose father Captain David brown “lived in a household crammed with thirteen people.”(Gross 83). Purchase had four younger brothers and Purchase could not “take over the family farm… before the youngest child came to age…” (Gross 84). This was a problem to all of Concords residents and as land became scarcer, men of Concord started looking west to the frontiers for more land. Another example that Gross describes in of the struggle of some residents of Concord, is a story of two couples named Lucy and Joseph Hosmer. They got married at a young age and Lucy lived her husband on “her in-laws land that was still owned by Joseph’s father.”(Gross 101). The couples worked hard to sustain a good family living. When the war approached in Concord Lucy Hosmer was scared that what if she loses her husband and he dies without “writing a will, then Lucy would struggle to make a living…”(Gross 103). Then Gross state how the
The New England and Chesapeake regions evolved into different societies because of the settler’s purpose for coming to America. In New England, the settlers desired religious freedom because they were unhappy with religion in England. These religious groups were mainly the Puritans and the Pilgrims. Both coming from the protestant sect of Christianity, these groups were very strict. The work ethic and strict moral code of the Puritans has helped to shape society in their region. Since these people came for religious freedom, it was mostly families that came over. This allowed schools to be built so the children could receive an education. As seen in the list of emigrants going to New England (Document B), a husband and wife would come over with their children, which could be in great abundance. Also showing how societies in New England were more based around families can be seen in the Articles of Agreement that were in place in Springfield, Massachusetts (Document D). This document says that the town should be composed of forty families, not a certain num...
Research the census data from 1790 and 2000. Submit a report comparing some of the information contained in the reports. For example, where was the demographic center of the country in each instance? How was ethnicity reported? How is census information used? What strikes you as the most interesting aspects of the reports?
During the middle to late 1800's, thousands upon thousands of Americans, as well as foreigners, flocked to the mid-western part of the United States. They flocked to this area hoping to gain free or cheap land promised to them by the United States Government. Most of the "pioneers" left cities and factory jobs to venture out into the American prairies and become farmers. They left their homes, not only because the land was either free or cheap, but also because they wanted to leave the hardships of city life. However, as most would find out, prairie life had its' share of hardships, that far out-reached the hardships of city life. Among these hardships were the death of siblings and friends due to starvation and/or hard work. Pioneers also had to face the stresses and burdens of trying to make a living off of the land. Along with these stress's, they had to worry about how to make money off of the land. All of these hardships, as well as others,
In the 1720’s to the 1820’s there were several events, changes, and processes that occurred in America. The three events I am choosing to analyze are: The Great Awakening, The Revolution, and The Market Economy. Each one of these events had a cultural, social and economic aspect. Each one of these events had different impacts and was manifested in several different ways.
During the years of 1675 and 1676 the North American colonies experienced conflicts that shaped the dynamics of their colonial life. King Phillip's War would effectively end relations between the New England colonists and the Indians. Also, the rebellion in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon stressed the growing discontent of poor frontier farmers for British rule. The consequences of these two events clearly had an impact on different levels that would extend well beyond their time. Therefore, the years 1675 and 1676 played a very significant role in the Northern American colonies.
The 18th Century was a time where most immigrants were of Irish, British, and German descent. From the 1890’s, through the next couple decade, Italians, and Jews would be the cause a new wave of immigration. Between 1900 and 1915, 3 million immigrants would take the journey, and travel to America. They would come through the famed “Ellis
Surviving anywhere south of New England was a major challenge for the colonists in the seventeenth century in part due to the overwhelming majority of men in society combined with a high death rate. Just to continue a family was a daunting challenge, and in many cases, this venture proved unsuccessful. Population consistency was sustained only through the immigration of people from England until the later portion of the seventeenth century when the population began to rise on its own. The New England colonies, however, were polar opposites in every sense. Be...
Farming was no longer a way for many people to make a living as the land passed down continued to decrease. According to Katz, Doucet, and Stern, the turn of the Puritan Era consisted of five main changes within the family: the separation of home and work, increased nuclearity of families, decline in number of children, children living with their parents longer, and spouses living together longer even after children leave (qtd. in Coontz 51). From my interview, I found these changes to be true. By the time my great-grandparents had my grandmother, many of these changes were already visible. My great-grandparents were able to own their own hotel in Mississippi. Although they lived in the hotel, they had a clear separation of home life and work life. My grandmother and her brother were rarely asked to help around the hotel. With many employees, my great-grandparents were able to manage the hotel without too much effort. This allowed my great-grandparents to spend a lot of time with their two children. During this time, it was just the four of them, living in their place in the hotel. Unlike, my great-great-great-grandparents who had ten children, the visible decrease in the number of children was seen as it was just my grandmother and her brother. My grandmother, as reflected in Katz, Doucet, and Stern five changes theory, lived at home with her parents longer than most
Family life in the 1700's was highly valued and prioritized. Back in those times families were extremely large in size. There was much inter-marriages from generation to generation, Therefore, everyone in a community was most likely related to each other. Because of these extreme connections between communities, visiting fellow family members was very popular. Many of these visits were informal and prolonged. Out of everyone in a family, the women usually corresponded the most with other relatives. The lack of decently designed roads and great distances made the matter of traveling very important in social activities. In addition, the family was looked upon as a unit of production and enterprise. Most families in the 1700's contained usually twenty to thirty people. These large numbers were due to the fact that the families were extended. Every relative lived together, even if they were distant relatives. Families with ten or twelve children were common and those with twenty or twenty-five children were not regarded as abnormal. But, usually not all the children survived. Typically, four in ten children dies before they reached the age of sixteen.
Immigration to America began when Christopher Columbus discovered the new land now called the American continent. Immigration increased in the 17th century when people came from Europe, Africa, and Asia to the new land. There were many colonies, such as the British and Dutch. When people came they go to their people and find jobs as farmers. The first immigrants were in the east coast around 1607 to 1775 after the number of immigrants increased. In 1790 - 1850 there were few immigrants who came to America, but in 1850 to 1930 the number of immigrations increased (Dolan 4).
The United States experienced major waves of immigration during the colonial era, the first part of the 19th century and from the 1880s to 1920. Many people immigrated to America for
Between 1607 to 1754, European migration to North America increased significantly. Push factors make people want to leave a region. Push factors included that many lands in England were “enclosed,” leaving thousands of families in search for employment and homes, the lack of economic opportunities, political instability in Europe, and discrimination, since Puritans, Quakers, who were persecuted, and other groups were discriminated against. Feudalism was also a push factor because Europe was still fairly feudal at this time, and kings held the power to allow people to own land.
Most British people in the 1700s moved to America to start a better life away from the
There were two key social pressures that contributed to English colonization of North America. The first was the overwhelming surge of poverty that developed in England in the early 1600s. Success in the America’s meant a healthier lifestyle for the English. With this success the population soared, multiplying itself more than five times in just a century. Due to the rise in population, the demand for necessities such as food increased causing inflation. In addition, the rise in population created an overstock of potential workers which in turn led to a fall in employee wages. With the rise of inflation and the decrease of wages for the typical English citizen poverty and homelessness created a life with little hope to get ahead (Norton,