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Plato democracy theory
Plato's theory about government
What is the Plato criticism on politics
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There isn’t much known about Plato’s early life accept that he was born 428 B.C., both sides of his parents were well off financially and politically, and that he studied under Socrates. Plato was a faithful follower of Socrates, but they did not agree on everything, for instance they had a different view on the education of women. Plato believed that women could be taught and Socrates did not share this view. In Plato’s early 20’s he was very interested in a political career, his Uncle Critas had a major role in overthrowing a democratic government. The Peloponnesian war came to an end with the fall of Athens it was fought between Athens and Sparta during the years 431 BC and 404 BC. Plato served from 409 BC to 404 BC and it was during
Part of the Laws for me uses his concept of the Theory of Forms although where the word “forms” actually comes from in any reference I couldn’t find, scholarly interpretations or a best educated guess. Plato’s Theory of Forms attempts to explain why he changed his view from the Republic to that of Laws – he’s trying to solve ethical problems. This was Plato’s way of trying to prevent people from objectifying the world around them. The only way to promote seeking truth as a way of life is to separate people from the material objects that they hold so dear. Plato believed that the pleasure (the sensation itself) we get from eating arises from a defect in us. We think that it will make us feel better and in the short term it does, but eventually we’ll be hungry again. Wouldn’t it be better to never be hungry again than to always be hungry? According to Plato it would. My personal opinion is that this might be an oversimplification considering he never even theoretically forced his scholars or the people in his dialogs to abstain completely neither from food nor from shelter. Plato’s main idea from abstinence was from greed, excess, and lavishness that was the human condition of his time and in his opinion what killed his teacher and abolished his faith in his political
His studies involving philosophies of life and various other theories are so remarkable that we base most of our ideals of western thought on today, making him a game changer. Plato’s endeavor to bring together excellent minds at the academy, “Let no one ignorant of geometry enter my doors,” was very effective at bringing together brilliant minds for his time and for centuries after. It is obvious to me (as a student) and many other scholars that Plato did not rule his academy with the philosophical ideals that were written in his dialogues. Aristotle was a student of Plato’s and he believed in a “ruler” of the “constituation.” Vs Plato’s theory of “The Guardians” a group of people who helped govern. This in and of itself says to me that Plato did not insist his theories be followed, rather was an astounding teacher in the way that he encouraged open minded free thinking Ideals. Plato was permanently sidetracked on his new course after the academy. He did very little direct interaction with political leaders, while some of his students later became law makers; he was never involved in politics himself while he always had an opinion. This makes him perhaps the best Monday morning quarterback of all time, he always had an opinion (he even managed to get people to listen to it), but he didn’t do anything himself to change the face of politics – we are still
Another one of Plato’s ideas that I disagree with is having assigned positions in society. This eliminates the free choice of the citizens, and they will not be as productive doing something that they are forced to do rather than something they choose.
What pre-Socratic influences can you identify in Plato? Be specific: e.g., “Plato, like Paramenides, believes that…”)
Through time there have been a number of great philosophers, John Locke, Rene Descartes, Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates, that positively impacted and changed the world’s way of thinking. Plato lived from about 428 BC until 347 BC in which he wrote over twenty six dialogues, including the Apology, Crito, and Euthyphro (Source 2). Socrates introduced ethics, the study of what people should do, instead of analyzing what people do like the other philosophers of that time period (Source 4). Socrates did not believe he was a teacher to anyone, therefore it is said Plato studied with Socrates for about ten years and was not a student of his (Source 2). Due to the fact there is no written record directly from Socrates, what is known about him comes primarily from Plato’s dialogues (Source 4). The Apology is Plato’s account of the dialect Socrates used to defend himself at his indictment trial and conviction.
Socrates was a renowned philosopher in the ancient Grecian times. His peak was around the Peloponnesian War, when the Spartans defeated the Athenians and ended the Golden Age. The reason Socrates is one of histories most famous philosophers is largely due to Plato's writings. Two of Plato's famous works include The Apology and The Republic, both written about Socrates' views about the so called "wise philosophers" of his time. The two works hold unique views about government, as well as opening the eyes of the Grecian people to the world as they knew it.
Plato started his teachings in remembrance of his good friend, Socrates. After his death he traveled back to Italy and studied under Pythagoras. Some years later he began "The Academy". Much of the curriculum taught was dedicated to the teachings of Socrates. During this time he began to write down his thoughts about politics and development of a regime. Developing different aspects than Socrates'.
In summary, Plato's comments are incredibly perceptive and relevant: a lot of what he says has been proved true in one way or another throughout history. The transition of our own country from an early 19th century Oligarchy to the Democracy we have today seems to have been predicted by Plato over two thousand years ago. It may also be true that our contemporary politicians are to be ousted by the dissatisfied public, and replaced with a tyrannical dictator. Finally, though not everything Plato says is in concordance with what we can now see for ourselves, his ideas are still relevant in any study of modern politics.
Plato’s idea for a perfect government is to have three different classes to have different roles to help the society. The first group of people is the Producing class and they are responsible for providing materials and food for the city. This is where the farmers, blacksmiths, the fishermen, and other jobs like them. The second group is the Auxiliaries and they are the ones who job is to protect the city from threats, so the soldiers. The final group is the guardians, these are the philosophers and it is there job to not only be knowledgeable but to be just. Plato believes that there are several things that can derail the advancement of society. “Then nothing insane and nothing akin to dissoluteness can be involved in the right of love…Then sexual pleasure must not be involved” (121). Plato believed that sex should only be reserved for special festivals and for creating life, other than that people should keep in line with how a father and son touch each other. Plato did not just regulate what two people did in the privacy in the own home, but he also regulated what people should be learning in school. “At any rate, it ought to end where it has ended; for surely training in the musical crafts ought to end in a passion for beauty” ...
Plato's concept of what politics and government should be is a direct result of his belief in the theory of forms. The theory of forms basically states that there is a higher "form" for everything that exists in the world. Each material thing is simply a representation of the real thing which is the form. According to Plato, most people cannot see the forms, they only see their representation or their shadows, as in the simile of the cave.
Sarah Kofman gives us insight into Socrates’s beginnings in her book Socrates: Fictions of a Philosopher translated by Catherine Porter, “Socrates, whose birth occurs in the fourth year of the 77th Olympiad (469B.C.), was the son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and of Phaenarete, a midwife. Socrates died a sixty-nine years of age, in Olympiad 95, 1 (399-400 B.C.), an Olympiad after the end of the Peloponnesian War, twenty-nine years after the death of Pericles, and forty-four years before the birth of Alexander.” (Kofman). This helps us understand the environmental factors that helped create the man we know as Socrates. The National Institute of Health published research that shows how impactful environment can be on the adolescents. They explain, “… ways family, peers, schools, communities, and media and technology influence adolescent behavior and risk-taking.” (Health). Although is moderns research it still applies to the factors that shaped Socrates. The time in which Socrates was born and lived was very impactful, as well as other factors like who his parents were, and the Peloponnesian War. Other important factors include economic factors. He was by no means rich growing up or throughout his
In ancient Greece two great written philosophers lived. First there was Plato and then Aristotle. Aristotle was a pupil of Plato. Despite being taught by Plato they had different theories and views. Their ethics were very typical and traditional of ancient Greece but Aristotle detailed virtue ethics and the path to happiness. Plato’s political theories for a utopian society varied from Aristotle’s view of ‘best state for each society’. Their metaphysical theories are complete opposites and very contradicting. Even though Plato and Aristotle came from the same era and were closely linked they had very different philosophies.
Plato and Aristotle both established important ideas about politics and their government. The general idea these two men wrote about were tyranny and the rule of law. What the rule of law is stating is that no one is immune from the law, even the people who are in a position of power. The rule of law served as a safeguard against tyranny because laws just ensure that rulers don’t become more corrupt. These two philosophers explored political philosophy and even though they didn’t agree on much they’re impacts are still around the world today.
He thought that the election of the people was unfair justice. Plato had some of the same beliefs. He believed that government should only have rulers who had the intelligence and education appropriate for the matter. His thoughts were that a job should be done only by those who are best suited for it. To him, aristocracy was a perfect form of government.
His ideal government of an Oligarchy implied that there would be an ideal ruler that majority rule agreed upon. Another option would be a philosopher king who would hold all the power because they are the best at making and enforcing laws. Plato understood that having a monarchy obtain absolute power could potentially lead to a power of evil and become corrupt. He also expresses the thought that the perfect person doesn’t exist, and even if they were to exist, he is positive that the society wouldn’t recognize them because society does not contain experts. By appointing the wrong person, society will dramatically diminish.
Plato is one of the most important people in the history of Philosophy. Throughout his life, he had made many contributions to the world of philosophy, but the most important contribution that he is most known for is his theory of the Ideas or Forms. Throughout his many works such as the Phaedo and Symposium, he presented his theory of Ideas by using both mythos and logos in his argument for support.
He wrote many dialogues, and one of them includes his famous dialogue called “Allegory of the Cave.” This dialogue explained how we were born into being very naïve people about our surroundings and taking things for granted, but eventually with the right education we grow to be philosophers that know the Form of Good. Society closes our eyes and whispers things to us in our ears and we believe it, in order to break free we need to educate ourselves into being more knowledgeable about our surroundings. We need to analyze even the smallest things, nothing is to be taken for granted because everything is more complex than what it seems (Plato, p. 26). Plato also states in his idea of self, the soul, that the soul is composed of three parts, our desires, the conscious awareness of reason and the spirited part which gets angry at injustice (Plato, p.40). His allegory and this idea about the parts of the soul connect with each other and might as well lead us to understanding what his idea truly means. Like the first argument, we could say that because our souls is what makes us alive, we are aware of the life we live, therefore we become philosophers only when we do not forget where we came from. This though, sounds contradicting to itself if we take the second argument in hand. If our soul is our life and our body is what carries it, than our ability to become philosophers depends solely on our ability to remove our soul from the body in