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Long lasting implications of the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
Mexican-American War
Long lasting implications of the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
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Unit 1 History of Texas
The Mexican- American War began about two years before the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. In May 1846, the war began over a territorial argument that involved Texas. President James Polk requested War on Mexico when he sent General Zachary Taylor to claim territory along the Rio Grande River. At that time Mexican officials had claimed it was part of Mexico. The war ended when troops under Winfield Scott’s command moved into Mexico City. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848 in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo; hence where the peace treaty obtained its name. The treaty ended the Mexican- American War and transferred about 500,000 square miles of land from Mexico to the United States while
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the U.S paid Mexico about 15 million. The land the United States acquired would soon be the states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. They also agreed to settle all claims of U.S citizens against Mexico. Although it promised the U.S citizenship to former Mexican citizens, the Native Americans did not get citizenship till the 1930’s. The treaty agreed on a boundary between Texas and Mexico. The southern boundary was considered the Rio Grande (Ken Collier). The New Mexican border is described in Article V of the treaty. On March 10,1848 the Senate ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo by a vote of 38 to 14. It came into force on July 4, 1848. The Manifest Destiny was an unavoidable belief that the United States would expand across the North American continent (Ken Collier). America was seen as “destined” to stretch from coast to coast. The term originated in the 1840’s by a newspaper editor named John O’Sullivan. Not only did it mean expansion of territory, but the progress of liberty and economic opportunity as well (Pinsker). James K. Polk’s presidency campaign was based on the expanding of the United States through the annexation of Texas. The annexation was not immediate for Texas. The claim for Texas’s independence depended on chance. Santa Anna renounced the treaty of Velasco, so any attempt by the United States to annex Texas would result in war with Mexico. Slavery was also a huge obstacle for the annexation of Texas. When Texas was part of Mexico, slavery populations were very small. Once the idea of Texas being annexed by the U.S., slavery populations increased. Many slave states saw a free ticket to more slavery if Texas was to be admitted to the United States. The idea of Manifest Destiny did eventually come true and Texas was finally admitted to the United States after a first annexation treaty failed senate ratification the first time. The agreement for Texas was that it could divide itself into as many as five states as populations expanded and then be admitted to the United States under supervision of the national constitution. Texas’s debt and rights to its public land was under its own responsibility. Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
There are different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities (Your Dictionary). One example that cultural diffusion relates to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo by the citizenship of the Mexicans who remained in the territory acquired by the United States. The Spanish language, the Mexican traditions and the Mexican culture spread through the U.S. The mixing of cultures in Texas developed new cultures like for an example the Laredo’s annual George Washington’s Birthday Celebration. The celebration is American- style mixed with the Mexican food and colonial gowns worn by men and women. Laredo embraced the diverse roots and the tradition of change that defines Texas (Ken Collier). An example of different languages is when the Spanish explorers turned the Caddo word for friend into tejas. Even to this day many people come to Texas to make it their own home while bringing in new customs and ideas. An example of cultural diffusion is the idea of political culture. Political culture is the shared values and a belief one has about politics to discuss the foundations and debates. Observers believe that the rising number of Hispanics will lead to a Democratic electoral majority in Texas (Ken Collier). Another example is the traditional political culture that can be seen in East Texas. Texas continues to change with different cultures coming and going. Immigration as well brings …show more content…
change but also competition. I believe the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo has been upheld in a sense that there has been somewhat of a universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic as expressed in Article 1 from our class notes.
It is the oldest treaty still in force. Overall the United States had military victory so therefore we dictated the terms of settlement. With the new land came the discovery of gold and silver in California and contributed to the economy. I would say that some Mexican historians would believe the treaty had a bitter lesson on Mexico, so some reformers tried strengthening the country’s political system. The border has been crossed plenty of times with armed men from both countries especially Mexican and the Confederate troops during the American Civil War. The treaty affected Mexican Americans and White Americans in the southwest in a sense that a lot of discrimination happened. Four out of five Mexicans were kicked off their land even though most were granted U.S. citizenship. There was a guaranteed land promise, but they never got it due to the fragility of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. There have been some cases where the Guadalupe Hidalgo treaty has been cited for land possession. Few Mexicans were successful in reclaiming their land (Castillo). Mexico today is still seen as an underdeveloped and poor country. Immigration across the border has shown the reinforcement of Mexican culture on the U.S. The treaty is a reminder of the American
occupation of gaining more land as it was seen as destiny. Works Cited Castillo, Richard Griswold Del. "U.S. Mexican War." 14 March 2006. pbs.org. KERA. 14 June 2017 . Ken Collier, Steven Galatas, Julie Harrelson- Stephens. "Lone Star Politics." Collier. Lone Star Politics. Ed. Shannon Kelly. 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2016. Pinsker, Matthew. "Manifest Destiny." 1991. www.History.com. Ed. John A. Garraty Eric Foner. The Reader's Companion to American History. 14 june 2017 . Your Dictionary. Examples of Cultural Diffusion. 1996. LoveToKnow Corp. 14 June 2017 .
The Mexican-American War of the 1840s, precipitated by border disputes and the U.S. annexation of Texas, ended with the military occupation of Mexico City by General Winfield Scott. In the subsequent treaty, the United States gained territory that would become California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado.
In February 2, 1848, the final armistice treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, through which the United States government got the access to entire area of California, Nevada, Utah plus some territory in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Wyoming. As a compensation, the United States government paid 18.25 million dollars to Mexico.( Pecquet, Gary M., and C. F. Thies. 2010) However, apart from the death of people, Mexico lost half of its territory in this war, which initiate Mexican’s hostile towards American. In addition, after the Mexican-American war, there was an absence of national sense in Mexican, which had a negative effect on the unity and development of the country.
In President James Polk’s War Message to Congress, he states that the Congress of Texas had declared the Rio Grande to be the official boundary between Mexico and Texas. James Polk said, “Sixty-three men and officers, were … dispatched from the American camp up the Rio del Norte, on its [North] bank, to ascertain whether the Mexican troops had crosse, or were preparing to cross, the river…. [They] became engaged with a large body of these [Mexican] troops, and, after a short affair, in which some sixteen [Americans] were killed and wounded, appear to have been surrounded and compelled to surrender….” The invasion was almost like a ticket to declare war against Mexico for James Polk. He began to say that America had given its best efforts to mend the relationship between the countries, but even before the small battle, peace was not an option. “Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil.” This evidence shows that the United States was justified in declaring war against Mexico because they were trying to protect their own country. In trying to protect their own country and its borders, they were engaged in an attack from Mexico. Mexico threatened America first, this gives a reason for America to declare war against
Polk, the new president, made a proposal to the Mexican government to purchase the disputed land. When that offer was rejected, troops from the United States were moved into the disputed territory of Coahuila. These troops were then attacked by Mexican troops, killing 12 American troops and taking 52 prisoners. These same Mexican troops later laid put upon a US fort along the Rio Grande. This would lead to the conflict that resulted in the loss of much of Mexico's northern territory.US forces quickly occupied Mexico and California Territory, then invaded parts of Northeastern Mexico and Northwest Mexico. The Pacific took control of several garrisons on the Pacific coast.
the land and yet it had such a weak economy and could use the money
140). Finally the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed but not before "General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna who did not always do what was best for his country, directed his peace negotiators to make demands that the that the U.S. felts was unreasonable accusing the other of stalling, the armistice was called off " (Howes, p. 233). The American army a week later invaded Mexico City and forced the Mexicans to surrender. Santa Anna then fled leaving his country shattered" (Howes, p. 233).
The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War, the Invasion of Mexico, the U.S. Intervention, or the United States War Against Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Riot. Through this time, supply ships from San Blas continued to be unpredictable and the missions—with their native workers—were worried to provide for the population. When the native groups began to resist the bigger demands, they were placed under firmer military control. Also, additional tribes were gathered, mixed, and combined into dense groups in order to serve the payment. Under these conditions, new diseases quickly spread and native cultures were further disrupted.
War is inevitable, but the Mexican-American War could have been avoided when determining borders. The controversial Mexican-American war is often talked and argued about. The big question about the war that everyone argues about is, Was America justified in going to war with Mexico? Well, were they? The United States was not justified in going to war with Mexico because Americans invaded Mexican land, The United States already has lots of land, and the Americans ignored Mexican laws and regulations. In 1821, Mexico declares independence from Spain. Texas won its independence from Mexico in 1836 to join America. This War (1846-1848) marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil.
The Battle of the Alamo was a focal point in the Texas Revolution. How could the events of the battle been different? In this paper I will discuss the plea from the Alamo’s commander, begging for reinforcements, as the Mexican army enclosed around the Alamo compound. I will recount the events of the morning siege that took place by Santa Anna’s army as they overran the Texan opposition. I will discuss the quick decimation of the Alamo and its tenants as described in history and an alternative ending to this bloody battle. The Texas government had organized and declared independence on March 2nd while the Alamo was under siege. Washington-on-the-Brazos was the home of the convention where the Texas delegates formed the constitution. Soon after
history. The treaty was between the United States and the government of Spain and signed on February 22, 1819 by secretary of state John Quincy Adams, and Spanish minister Luis de Onís. Upon the signing of the treaty, our Senate ratified it quickly and unanimously. Spain though was stalling, as they wanted to buy time for themselves in propping up their colonies in the rest of the New World in hopes of getting the U.S. to give them more than they were receiving in the treaty. A new ratification was necessary, this time there were objections on the U.S. side. Henry Clay and other Western spokesmen demanded that Spain also give up Texas in the second signing. Their proposal was defeated by the Senate, which ratified the treaty for the second time on February 19, 1821 and the two nations exchanged ratification papers three days later with the treaty proclaimed on February 22, 1821, two years to the day after the original signing.
The U.S requested the also be given the Rio Grande. The Rio Grande was south of Texas and clearly belonged to Mexico (refer to figure 1). The U.S felt that the Rio Grande was part of Texas and should be given to the U.S with Texas. Mexico would not give up the Rio Grande because they were certain that the Rio Grande belonged to them. America's greed is THE major reason this conflict occurred. The U.S also believed the Mexico should have to pay for any of the U.S's debts that were incurred during Mexico's conflicts with Spain. America was in debt 3 million dollars because of the Mexico and Spanish conflicts and America very strongly believed that these debts were Mexico's fault and they should have to pay for them.
United States and Mexico. "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo." From Treaties and Other Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949. Compiled by Charles I. Bevans. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1968-76. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 March 2012.
On May 31, 1846, President James K. Polk declared war. A small California Republic, The Bear Flag Revolt, seized Sonoma for naval forces to occupy in hopes of winning the war. The Mexican War didn’t bring about much fighting, just a hot potato game of territory conquering, but in January of 1847 Andres Pico, a Mexican official, surrendered to U.S. lieutenant John Fremont (Uschan 10). Formally in May of 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was reviewed by both temperamental parties and after approval from the United States of America and Mexico it was signed.... ...
So, basically, it was the Americans invading Mexican territory, and the Mexicans were just defending themselves from the invading settlers. The Mexicans were also angered by the annexation of Texas, which used to be a part of Mexican territory. The outcome of this war was that, Americans made huge land gains and got tons of raw resources which paved the road to its future power and prosperity. America gained almost all of the land it has now, except for Alaska and Hawaii. The raw resources made industrialization easier and the land increased agriculture, it also increased slaves, because there were more plantations, which needed more slaves.
Did you know that Texas used to be part of Mexico’s land, and because of the U.S. wanting to take Texas from Mexico and giving Texas citizens their independence, it ignited a spark and started the Mexican-American war. The Mexican-American war took place in early 1846. The battles took place between the Rio Grande and The Nueces River.The U.S. crossed the Mexican border which caused the Mexican government to think that the Americans were attacking them so the Mexican Government sent troops to defend the border. So did the United States have the right to go to war with Mexico. The U.S. was not justified in going to war with Mexico because American soldiers crossed the border, stole some of Mexico's land (Texas), and accused Mexico of sending Mexican troops onto America's land and attacking American soldiers.