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Review of literature on marketing mix
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Marketing Mix Paper
Ken Luppold
MRT/421
December 10, 2014
Dr. Ellison
Marketing mix term was originated back in the 1953 by Neil Borden. This terminology came from James Culliton’s analogy of the marketing procedure being compared to a “mix of ingredients” (Business and Knowledge Center/Marketing, 2014). The term ever since has been used a lot of time when the topic of marketing is brought up. The marketing mix consists of 4 elements; often referred as the four P’s (this phrase is interchangeable with the phrase “marketing mix”). (Business and Knowledge Center/Marketing, 2014)
The P’s
The four P’s of the marketing mix are price, place, product, and promotion. Each element has its significance, and it is important that
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The promotional mix can be achieved through many different ways such as advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relationships, direct mail, trade fairs and exhibitions, and sponsorship (Perreault, 2014). These four elements of the marketing mix are considered important factors of a marketing plan. The marketing mix is used by all organizations, such as for example Apple, Inc. (Business and Knowledge Center/Marketing, 2014)
A recommendation could be to target the middle class, the upper class buys whatever they want regardless. By advertising to the middle class and having promotions aimed towards them, it could make a difference in the bottom line.
Apple,
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It is yet uncommon to see a company which is thriving financially and competitively that does not use the concept of marketing. Marketing is one of the important keys to success for a company.
References
Accessessories for Apple Products. (2014, December 5). Retrieved from Apple, Initials: http://store./apple.com/us/browse/home/shop.accessories
Apple inc. : Services - company profile, SWOT & financial report. (2014). (). London: P Progressive Digital Media. Retrieved from h http://search.proquest.com/docview/1547619709?accountid=458
Business and Knowledge Center/Marketing. (2014, December 5). Retrieved from NetMBA.COM: http://www.netmba.com/marketing/
Perreault, W. D. (2014). Basic Marketing, A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach, 19th Edition. McGaw-Hill Company 2014.
Reid, C. (2010). The Price is What. Publishers Weekly, 2579270,4-6.
Steinberg, B. (2012). Why Apple had to Evolve it 's Appoarch, Advertising Age. Publishers Weekly,
Kotler and Keller (2014) develop on what product represents in the marketing mix, as the idea centers around its design, quality and packaging. Continuing with the Four P model, price should be considered when marketing a product. The price component asks one to determine the list price, discounts, allowances, and payment period of a product (Kotler & Keller, 2014). Finally, Kotler and Keller (2014) list promotion and place as the final two variables associated with the older Four Ps. Promotion deals with how a product is advertised and what type of sales force will be utilized, while place is associated with the channels and locations for which your product will be featured (Kotler & Keller,
The 4 Ps of the marketing mix are: Product, Promotion, Price, and Place. The marketing mix puts the right products, at the right price point, in the right place, at the right time. The following examines how Claire’s Chocolates optimizes its marketing mix (Yoo, Donthu, & Lee, 2000, 195-196).
Marketing is a process of determining a consumer’s needs, devising a product or service to satisfy those needs, and trying to focus customers on the goods and services you are offering. Marketing is extremely important, and a fundamental building block for business growth. A marketing team is given the task of creating customer awareness through a variety of different marketing techniques. If a business does not pay close attention to their consumer demographic and needs, they will eventually fail over time. Two important aspects of marketing include acquiring new customers, and the preservation and growth of relationships with current customers. Marketing has always been viewed as a creative outlet, which encompassed advertising, distribution, and the selling of goods and services. Marketing staff will also try to anticipate what customers will want in the future, often being accomplished with market research. In summation, a good marketing plan should be able to create a favorable proposition or series of benefits that a customer can value through goods or services. The marketing mix is normally described as the strategic positioning of a product or service in the marketplace, using the specification of the four Ps. During the early 1960’s, Professor E. Jerome McCarthy of Harvard Business School stated that a marketing mix contains four elements. The four key points are product, pricing, promotion, and placement. It is recognized that all these aspects must be present to ensure a successful business model within a given industry. We will now take a thorough look at the four marketing mix points.
Organisation Analysis Apple - Value proposition and Culture Apple - Company Description Apple Inc., was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on 1976, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer. Its consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Apple is the world's second-largest information technology company by revenue and the world's third-largest mobile phone maker. “Fortune” magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012.
Apple is an American producer of personal computer, personal computer peripherals, cellular telephones and PC programming. It was the first effective personal computer organization and advanced the graphical client interface. Its central command center is situated in Cupertino, California. Apple was established by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in 1976, to create and offer PCs. Apple is presently the world 's second biggest data innovation organization by income after Samsung Electronics, and the world 's third biggest cellular telephone producer.(Apple, 2012)
THE MARKETING MIX A marketing mix is all aimed at selling a product, a company will create a marketing mix around a product to make sure it is advertised, at the correct price range, is what the customer wants and is accessible for people to purchase. Product This is when a company must look at trends and decide if they are offering in terms of e.g. bright colours, features or size. This also involves benefits like reduced prices. Apple surpassed customer expectations when they brought out the iOS operating system.
Apple Inc is a multinational organization in America and has its headquarters in California. The organization specializes in the design as well as development of consumer electronics including: computer software 's, and also personal computers. The organization has for long been offering a broad range of communication mobile communication as well as its own company software’s. The organization has quite an upright name in the business world. For a long period it has been producing quality product and their designers really bring out uniqueness in their products (Linzmayer, 2004). Apple Inc has established itself as being the world’s leader in innovation. Thus according to statistics; it is classified as being the fourth most valuable technology
2: Finkle, Todd A., and Michael L. Mallin. "Steve Jobs and Apple, Inc." Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies 16.8 (2010): 49+. General OneFile. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.
It basically constitutes 4P’s of marketing mix such as price, place, product and promotion. All these 4P’s have similar repercussion for the promotion of products in various organizations. These justifiable elements of marketing mix can be utilized by a business organization to increase its marketing efficiency. With the marketing mix, a company can have access to marketing information so as to determine the outcomes of the marketing activities on its total sales. The company can evaluate the extent of efficiency of its marketing activities using the information gathered from the marketing mix.
The third p in the marketing mix stands for promotion. Promotion is telling the target population or others in the channel of distribution about the right product. It includes, advertising, sales promotion, publicity, personal selling, branding, and refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand, or company (Wikipedia-Marketing, 2008). Promotion can be focused on acquiring new customers or sometimes it is focused on retaining current customers.
O'Grady, J.D. (2008). Recent Titles in Corporations That Changed the World. In Apple Inc... Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. Retrieved from http://ebooks.abc-clio.com/reader.aspx?isbn=9780313362453&id=GR6244-4
In order for my product to be successful, I strategize a marketing plan. Market Research is one of the main steps taken in the initial process of strategizing a marketing plan, The primary function of market research is to identify the customers needs and views. During the market research of my product, I discovered that because of the competition, (Herbal Essence Shampoo brand) my product would really need to stand out on the market. Also, during that research I discovered that Herbal Essence?s sales had dropped 6% over the last 2 years, because of their marked up prices. These were great pieces of information, as they will serve helpful during the marketing mix portion of my marketing strategy. The marketing mix is one of the first steps taken in applying an overall marketing strategy for your product. A Marketing Mix is the combination of product offerings used to reach a target market for the organization. (Armstrong & Kotler 2007) The marketing mix includes product, price, promotion and place (also known as distribution)
The marketing mix can be synthesized in the expression of “the 4 P’s”, standing for Product, Price, Place and Promotion.
A marketing mix is what businesses use to detail the main functions of business marketing and do into further explanation as of how those functions influence the success or failure of a business. There are several different marketing mix tools, the four P’s is a very useful tool explaining the main functions of a marketing mix. A basic way of describing the marketing mix is the four P’s: Product,Place, Price, Promotion. A very important part of understanding how to use this tool is asking yourself questions that will help you understand each individual part of the marketing mix. Many people use this process to check their existing business to see if there are improvements to be made. The four P’s marketing mix system could also be used before starting a new business or offering a new product to give yourself guidelines on how to run your new business.
Product, Price, Place and Promotion known as 4Ps and marketing mix. These are the base of marketing. which is development product and distribute to different place to sell with price and it’s promotional activities, 4Ps extended to 7Ps. Marketing also mixing of relationship marketing, identification of new product and market development opportunities, modern information and communications technologies such as ICT, tactics to reach business goals, targeting and market segmentation. Demographical, psychographic, economic, usage based; business-to-business, business-to customer and customer-to-consumer, disintermediation and direct market communication by manufacturers.