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Karma hinduism and buddhism essay
Importance of spirituality in health care
Karma hinduism and buddhism essay
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Théophile Pascal, a French physician form XX century, in his publication titled “Reincarnation, A Study in Human Evolution” claimed the following: “But if we are the slaves of the past, if fate compels us to reap what we have sown, we yet have the future in our hands, for we can tear up the weeds, and in their place sow useful plants.” This short, yet carrying a quite powerful message, sentence describes the backbone of Karma, one of the most fundamental concepts of the dominant religion of the Indian subcontinent–Hinduism. Karma is a belief that deeds from our past lifetimes, whether good or bad, influenced our present lifetime, and that our current actions will determine our future reincarnations. Max Weber, who was a German sociologist, in his famous study of religion in India argued that this Hindu concept was a self-evident belief among the people from India. Since the idea of Karma suggests that everything in this realm is preordained, it should not come as a surprise that all of people's misfortune, hardship and inequalities among different groups of Hindus are ascribed to their accumulated Karma.
This notion shapes Hindus' worldview and defines mindsets in such a way that enduring current lifetime's struggles becomes a humble task, and leads one to believe that his actions influence the future lifetimes. The philosophy of reducing one's stack of Karma is quite equivocal and therefore results in many diversified methods and rituals that are meant to eliminate accumulated Karma or even help outwit the self-inflicted fate. The existence of Karma is an axiomatic fact among the followers of Hinduism, but there is no consensus about what practices reduce one's Karma, nor to what extent our past deeds shaped our current existenc...
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...arma, God and just world were strongly correlated with each other and with recovery beliefs for God, Karma, and self (citation needed). It showed that patients who had a strong belief in God and Karma, ascribed them to individual recoveries, or a lack thereof. It also suggested that “the more strongly a person believes in God or karma, the more he or she attributes to the power of karma.” Overall, the results of the study supported the thesis that the patients' beliefs had an influence on their physical and psychological recovery from Myocardial Infraction.
Another pilot qualitative study by Gavin Yamey (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, UK) and Richard Greenwood (Regional Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK) concluded that religious beliefs both “diverge from and resonate with the medical rehabilitation process.”
Karma. The big working force in our universe that has captured the attention of billions of people on this planet. Karma has become something to blame our transgressions on. We constantly hear: “Watch out, karma will get you!” in our society, but do we really know where this idea of karma comes from? Or how this idea relates to our lives? We have to trace the idea of karma back to its roots in the ancient Asian religious traditions. Karma is thrown around as a term of superstitious belief in popular American culture today, but it still plays an immense role in shaping the destiny of millions of people today.
It is estimated that around a dozen U.S. children will die in faith-healing cases each year. Typically associated with Christianity, Faith healing is founded on the belief that certain people or places have the ability to cure and heal sickness, disease, or injuries. Typically this “healing” is associated by a close connection to a higher power through prayer, divine intervention, or the ministration of an individual who claims himself as a healer. Faith has been scientifically proven in the field psychology to yield benefits to health. Although faith has promised a greater wellbeing for many individual’s lives, it has yet to be a significant replacement for medication many people but relaying on faith as a means for medication.
Listening as the family spoke to me about what is important in their family I couldn’t help but refer back to Marcus and Conner’s idea of interdependence versus independence. As the family spoke to me on how important it is that the soul reincarnates itself, which is when all bad karma is out of the body, I kept referring to the independent self. But often again when they spoke of theologies and learning constantly from what they take from others around them, I found interdependence. Both selves balance each other out but do not reside on one more than the other. Adhita kept telling me the main goal of being a Hindu is “self-realization or just to be free from any type of suffering or hardship/bad karma,” (You achieve this through reincarnation) you have to acknowledge the simultaneous efforts that take place to achieve this goal. “You can’t just set a high sta...
Spiritual beliefs can help provide acceptance and understanding to the different cycles of life. In the clinical setting a dying or ill patient may request a visit from a spiritual leader. Also, spiritual beliefs can affect the type of care a client receives. For example, Jehovah Witnesses do not believe in blood transfusions. If a client does not want a blood transfusion the ultimate result could be death. Additionally, a client may bring their spiritual beliefs and values into question when illness or death occurs. Overall, a nurse in a clinical setting should recognize their client’s beliefs and values to clearly understand the clients and their family’s healthcare decisions.
Karma and rebirth were used to reinforce the responsibility of each caste. When Arjuna had uncertainty about whether or not to fight against members of his family, Kṛṣṇa attempted to persuade him that “No one is able to destroy that imperishable soul” (2.17) because “For the soul there is neither birth nor death at any time” (2.20). The Hindu religion believes that the body is just temporary for t...
"In Hinduism, salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness of the soul, atman, with the ultimate reality of the universe, Brahman. To achieve this goal, the soul must obtain moksha, or liberation from the samsara, the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. As a result of these basic teachings, Hindus believe in reincarnation, which is influenced by karma (material actions resulting from the consequences of previous actions), and dharma (fulfilling one's duty in life)"(Teachings and Beliefs, 2004, par. 1).
In south Asia, it is well accepted that a person’s action determines his or her own personal destiny. This idea that actions have repercussions in life is known as karma. Karma is defined by the American Heritage Dictionary as, “the total effect of a person's actions and conduct during the successive phases of the person's existence, regarded as determining the person's destiny.” Karma is called las rgyu-bras in Tibetan, where las can be translated to “work” or “actions” and rgyu-bras translates to “fruits.” Combined, las rgyu-bras can be translated as the fruits of one’s actions (Keyes 232). If a person performs a good action in life, Tibetan Buddhists believe that good things will occur later on in life as a result, and they expect the reverse for bad actions. By understanding this concept and trying to live a l...
In healthcare organizations, medical staff must conform to their hospital and their country’s code of conduct. Not only do they have to meet set standards, they must also take their patient into consideration. When making a decision upon a patient, medical staff must recognize religious backgrounds and spiritual beliefs. By understanding a patients’ beliefs and their belief system, a medical worker can give the patient their deserved medical assistance without overstepping boundaries or coming off as offensive. The practices and beliefs of four religions will be articulated throughout this essay to fully understand how religion can either help or hinder the healing process.
Throughout history, religion has caused great conflict; from the schism in the Roman Empire to the split between Palestinians and Israelites, disagreement breeds argument, but it is persuasion that truly incites conflict. A more recent example of religious differences can be seen in India, where Anti-Hindu sentiment has become prominent over the last two decades. This Anti-Hindu sentiment is embodied by the following quote from an unknown author, “It’s called karma. And it’s pronounced ha-ha-ha!” Although the goal of the quote is an obvious attempt to undermine Hinduism, the quote does not provide an effective persuasion to oppose Hinduism.
PROF. HR NAGENDRA,, . "Karma Yoga Questions & Answers." SVYASA University. n. page. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. .
Some people believe that karma means action and reaction, this is not strictly true, karma actually means " `act', `action' or `activity' "(Fowler. 1997. p11). It can be said, however, that for every action there must be a reaction. Karma is not confined to physical actions, mental actions also count. So Hindus believe that everything a person does or thinks is an action and depending on whether the action is good or bad that person receives good or bad karma as a reaction. "So, if some are happy then they must have done good in the past; if others are suffering they must have done something bad." "This is not fatalism; the law of karma says that we alone - not God or the Devil - are responsible for our fate" (Prinja. 1998. p36). Karma returns to us through everything we do. If a person does something good, with the sole intention of bettering him or herself, they will receive bad karma. Good karma is only received when a person commits a good action without thinking of himself or herself. Most Hindus will spend their entire lives attempting to accrue more good than bad karma. In the case of someone who has accrued sufficiently high levels of bad karma, the said person's spirit may not return after reincarnation as a human. It is possible for a spirit to return as an animal " in order to reap the results of bad karma until it is used up sufficiently to allow reincarnation as a human being once more." (Fowler. 1999. p208). This karma builds up inside a person in the form of the jivatman or personality.
Karma, also known as Karman is a basic concept common to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The doctrine of Karma states that one's state in this life is a result of actions both physical and mental in past carnations, and action in this life can determine one's destiny in future incarnations. Karma is a natural, impersonal law of moral cause and effect and has no connection with the idea of a supreme power that decrees punishment of forgiveness of sins. Karmic law is universally applicable, and only those who have attained liberation from rebirth, called mukti (or moksha) or nirvana, can be transcend it. (The Columbia Encyclopedia)
The original Vedic texts were mostly comprised of hymns to gods and rules of sacrificial rituals; the purpose of which was to provide ancestors with food and means of sustenance in the kingdom of Yama (the afterworld). As a result of their devotion people expected certain favorable influences in their lives, such as good fortune and yet better life in the kingdom of Yama after their death. Sacrifices were supposed to be a means of survival in the kingdom of Yama. As the Indian philosophies evolved, Hindus developed the concept of reincarnation. The essence of that concept lied in the belief that no one is able to remain in the afterworld forever and eventually should return to the cycle of life, death and rebirth. As transcendent as the concept of reincarnation was, it did not provide Hindus with an ultimate salvation from suffering. Thus every living thing must eventually suffer and die. Such views resulted in further development of Hindu religion, Hindu philosophers such as Manu questioned the concepts of Vedas and laid the foundation for a philosophy that transfo...
Testerman, J. K. (1997, June). Spirituality vs religion: Implications for healthcare. Retrieved May 22, 2011, from http://www.aiias.edu/ict/vol_19.19cc_283-297.pdf
Death is natural. It affects everyone and everything that is living. It is something that every person comes to understand as being a part of life, yet people are so often afraid of it. Death reminds people of all the negative things that are a part of life, such as pain and sorrow. If an alternative to death comes around, or something makes death easier, people want to take a part of that. Many people jump to religious ideologies not always because they truly believe in them or want to follow them, but because they want to escape death. Yet in many eastern religions, death is unavoidable and cyclical. There is new life after death, but that life leads death again, and the cycle seemingly continues forever. This cycle of rebirth is often called reincarnation in western culture. It is one of the core beliefs in many eastern religions. Hinduism is one of those religions; in fact, it is likely the first religion to adopt this train of thought, as Hopfe and Woodward (2014) claim it is perhaps “the oldest and most complex of all religions in the world” (p. 78). Before one fully understands Hinduism, they must recognize the relation reincarnation has to it. Reincarnation is a foundational belief in Hinduism, and it