Information system has become as universal in our daily business activities as human resource management, marketing, finance or any other major business functions. Information system play vital role to provide management with control over their data and to operate successful businesses. They make up a significant field of study in business administration and management, and this is the most business imperatives that include in a course in information system. If we want to understand information system and functions, first we need to be sure on the concepts of a system. A good foundation of understanding is to give a clear definition: Information system is defined technically as a set of organized components which collect, store distribute , process, transform the information to approval decision making and control in an organization. Information system can also help managers and workers to understand problems, analyze complex subjects and prepare new products. Today, the basic focus of companies is to be globally competitive by using the capabilities of modern information system and communication technologies.
The following are four types of information systems:
1. An Executive information systems.
Executive Information Systems (EIS) are announcing tools (software) that allow turning the organization’s data into useful summarized reports and uniting the features of management information systems and decision support system. These reports are usually used by executive top managers for quick access to the strategic information coming from company levels and departments such as billing, cost accounting, scheduling, and more. The main goal of EIS is that top executives should be provided with straightforward and simply access to info...
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...of logical judgments applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system. Although expert systems can help decision-making at any level in an organization, non-management employees are the primary users who utilize them to help with job-related decisions. Expert systems also successfully have resolved such diverse problems as diagnosing illnesses, searching for oil and making soup.
Features:
Expert systems are one part of an exciting branch of computer science called artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the application of human intelligence to computers. AI technology can sense your actions and, based on logical assumptions and prior experience, will take the appropriate action to complete the task. AI has a variety of capabilities, including speech recognition, logical reasoning, and creative responses.
Information Management has to do with capturing information, efficient planning, organizing and evaluating the information to interpret for an organization to make well informed decisions. (Hinton, 2006) The main reason organizations depend on information is to improve its overall management in order to yield significant operational benefits in all areas of the organization and importantly its overall efficiency, competitiveness and responsiveness. The improvements either need expansion in the amount of information required or implementing a new information management system.(Power, 1983) The information management system is effective in organizations when the activities are shared amongst various groups, preparing them for change in the information system by identifying problems and evaluating it and gradually integrating actions in the project for successful implementation. (Bass, 1983), (Mintzberg, Rasinghami and Theoret 1976). Most organizations believe Information Technology and Information Management is the same but according to Hinton (2006), while Information Technology is an important role in an organization. Information Management is broader it helps the organization to build, maintain and re-build its business processes and information system.
The Passive Decision Support System, Active Decision Support System and Cooperative Decision Support System (2013). A Passive Decision Support System, is a system that assists in the process of decision making, however, it can’t bring out clear decisions (2013). An active Decision Support System, on the other hand, can bring out solutions and decision suggestions. The Cooperative Decision Support System allows the decision maker to change the decision suggestions provided by the system before the information is sent back to the system for validation (2013). While there are many ways computerized systems can be characterized, it is important to compare them in terms of what the user will be doing with the
Define the three primary types of decision-making systems, and explain how a customer of Actionly might use them to find business intelligence.
Asemi observe that Management Information System (MIS) is one of the information systems that is computer based. Besides, Asemi defines MIS as “an organizational method of providing past, present and project information related to internal operations and external intelligences. It supports the planning, control and operation functions of an organization by furnishing uniform information in the proper time frame to assist the decision makers,” (2011). The aim of MIS is to satisfy the general information need of the entire manager in an organization. Before the advent of computers, the process of decision-making was one that was full of built-in advantages and ad hoc methods. Computers technologies have changed the landscape of the decision-making process completely by making the process less demanding and easy to undertake. The reason for this situation is that information technology has made access to information more automated, efficient, effective, timely, and less ambiguous. Consequently, the ordinary t...
In the business world today, technology is becoming an essential staple. Every big business relies on it one way or another. More importantly than just technology itself, the use of management information systems is what guides a company in terms of catering to its customers and knowing what moves to make next. Management information systems (MIS) can be defined is the study of people, technology, and organizations (What is MIS?). However, that is a very general definition because there is a lot more that comes out of the use of these MIS systems.
Despite the wide use (and misuse) of terms such as intelligent systems, there is no widely agreed-upon scientific definition of intelligence. It is then useful to think of intelligence in terms of an open collection of attributes. There is a list of attributes that are seen as the general characteristics of intelligence and a few examples of these are Communication, adaptation, and reasoning. AI systems do not come anywhere close to exhibiting any of these characteristics, except for in narrow areas.
A case referring to the beneficial use of the expert systems in the health sector was the attempt of the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake city,Utah to build “ the most complex artificial intelligence system ever created'; according to the words of DR David Classen.Its name was AIC or “Antibiotic Computer Consultant'; and it was part of HELP(Health Evaluation through Logical Processing), which was LDS’s hospital information system. The latter was existed, before the implementation of the Expert System.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an electronic mind. Movies have portrayed the vision of a computerized entity, most of which had devious intentions towards the human race. These have really no basis in reality when it comes to examples of artificial intelligence.
I am currently employed as a Software Engineering Senior Analyst at Accenture. The Information system advances so rapidly that at times it is too difficult to keep up with it without proper knowledge and experience. While most of the people do get a relatively easy entry in the field after under graduation, it is very difficult to aim for a constant growth only on that basis. The field demands upgraded knowledge and experience for career growth and (achieve goals). And that is why I aspire, to pursue Masters in Management Information Systems at your esteemed University.
Management information systems can be used as a support to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals of the organization. Most organizations are structured along functional lines, and the typical systems are identified as follows:
There are expert systems that can solve complex problems that humans train their whole lives for. In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated the world champion in a game of chess (Karlgaard, p43). Expert systems design buildings, configure airplanes, and diagnose breathing problems. NASA's Deep Space One probe left with software that lets the probe diagnose problems and fix itself (Lyons).
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Li, F 2007, What is E-business ?: how the Internet transforms organizations, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Artificial intelligence is defined as developing computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes. Roughly speaking, a computer is intelligent
Modern information system is now popular all over the world, it also change the accounting area. Instead of the old manual analysis, many companies making effort in developing a fitted accounting information system for themselves, as they realize the advantages that the new technology brings in - more efficient and accurate in processing, integrated data, detailed record etc. However, even though there are so many benefits, the functional system also brings challenges, making new requirements to the accountants and auditors. This paper will discuss the impact of technology to the accounting information system, as well as the necessary capability ethics that the accountants should learn in this 21th century.