Essay On Inertial Navigation System

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2. INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM
In this chapter we will discuss about the principles of inertial navigation system. At first we describe about the basics of modelling motion in land vehicle. Second an introduction to inertial sensors is given and then discuss about some useful information like position, velocity, what we get from inertial navigation system as output. Finally we will discuss the drawbacks of inertial navigation systems and try to understand why inertial navigation system is better to use with other navigation system than using it alone.
2.1 Motion in of a land vehicle
In most of the cases, navigation system is used to detect the position of an object. The general motion of a land vehicle is typically calculated by the values that are given by accelerometer and gyroscope.

2.2 Principle of inertial navigation sensors
The principle of inertial navigation system is mainly related to Newton’s 1st and 2nd law of motion. The 1st law of motion is described that “changes in motion are caused by outside forces” and 2nd law is described that “acceleration is proportional and in the same direction as the resultant forces” (EI-Sheimy, 2006). The 1st law tells that keep an eye on all outside forces on the object, knowledge of whether the object is moving or not and whether it is continuous its uniform motion or changes its course are known. The 2nd law tells that measuring the resultant forces that affect the object knowledge of the objects acceleration is known. If we know the acceleration of a particular vehicle, we can easily calculate the displacement by integrating it twice and velocity by integrating it once. Just like through integration we can calculate angular velocity from angular rotation. (EI- Sheimy, 2006)....

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...ity or rotation of a vehicle. It was first invented in 1852 by the French physicist Leon Foucault (1819-1868) and it works on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Now in market you have lots of but the first gyroscopes were purely mechanical and worked with a rotor (spinning mass) which is used for the spin of one axis. Here is the diagram of gyroscope is given, in the diagram we see that that there is a rotor mounted in two gimbals that were again mounted to the base. For these two gimbals it gave the gyroscope a 3 degrees of freedom to the rotor and made it possible to keep its orientation while the base was rotated in any direction. An error will always occur because of the friction between the moving parts.

There are so many types of gyroscopes are there
1) MEMS gyroscope
2) FOG gyroscope
3) Laser gyroscope
MEMS gyroscope:-

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