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Precision of Meteorology Prediction
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What is Frontal Precipitation?
Frontal precipitation occurs along fronts. It is formed once two air masses of diverse temperature; humidity and density meet such as the meeting of polar air mass and a tropical maritime air mass. A zone called a front separates them. When warm, moist air mass meets a cool and dry air mass and because the molecules of cold air are more tightly packed together making it denser, the warm air is forced to go up and over the cool air mass. As the warm air mass rises, the water vapour in the air condenses, and the clouds and precipitation occurs. Frontal precipitation is also called cyclonic precipitation.
Do any of the LOWERN factors cause frontal precipitation?
Most of the LOWERN factors have something to do with frontal precipitation.
The first factor is latitude; Latitude is how far north or south you are located from the equator which means that the farther you are from the equator, the colder the climate is. Basically there will be colder air masses which mean that if they collide with any warm air masses, it will cause frontal precipitation. Also frontal precipitation occurs mostly around mid-latitude regions where warm tropical air meets cold polar air.
Ocean currents;
These air masses being carried by wind extend to about hundreds and thousands of kilometres. This is where frontal precipitation occurs. In the summer the cold, dry continental arctic cool winds originates towards south bringing a respite of heat waves which collides with the maritime arctic air mass which travels over large bodies of water making it moist and mild. When these two air masses collide, the formation of frontal precipitation occurs and causes rain. In the Maritimes, most precipitation is caused when cold dry air from the north meets warm, moist air from the
Prince Rupert and Prince George are separated by the Coastal Mountains, Prince Rupert is on the windward side while Prince George is on the leeward side. This would cause heavy precipitation in Prince Rupert while Prince George gets limited precipitation because it is covered in a rain shadow due to the dry winds coming over the mountain. For instance, Prince Rupert’s total precipitation is 2414 mm however Prince George’s total precipitation is 621 mm, making Prince Rupert maritime and Prince George continental. Finally, relief precipitation is a major factor to the two diverse climates of Prince George and Prince
According to the University of Illinois, “A cold front is defined as the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass. Cold fronts generally move from northwest to southeast. The air behind a cold front is noticeably colder and drier than the air ahead of it. When a cold front passes through, temperatures can drop more than 15 degrees within the first hour.” (University of Illinois, 2017). with Tampa being on the west coast of Florida, we are being hit constantly by the Maritime Tropical air mass, causing warm air to always be over Tampa Bay. When the cold, dry are from the Continental Polar air mass makes its way south east through the nation and eventually to Tampa Florida, it over takes the warm, moist air that is currently over
The concept of lake-effect snow is rather simple. It starts when cold arctic air from Canada moves southwest across the great lakes, which are warmer than the air. As the air moves across the lakes evaporation occurs. The moist air is cooled as it is lifted up and then turned into snow. This snow does not stop until the cold arctic winds stop drifting across the lakes. Hills and valleys on the shore of the lakes intensify the amount of snow an area receives. The shore of the lakes as well as, any hills or valleys, cause the masses of moist air to slow down and “pile up”.
The winter season can be a major hassle for some people while others just have to deal with a slight cool down in temperatures. Over the northern portions of the country, people are faced to deal with the harsh conditions that Mother Nature has in store. Some winter seasons are less brutal than others. Besides the typical storm systems that come through the area and drop different types of precipitation whether it is snow, sleet, or freezing rain, there’s another weather event that affects not everyone in the country, but primarily around the Great Lakes. Lake effect snow is a very interesting mesoscale convective phenomenon that occurs mostly during the heart of the winter season and adds greatly to the annual snowfall that areas around the lakes receive.
Climate and weather are similar, describing how the atmosphere behaves, the difference being the timescale (Conway, 2010). Weather is a short-term scale of temperature and precipitation, usually considering weeks or less (ibid). Climate, however, is a long term description of months or longer, describing different seasons and trends of temperature and precipitation. Climate of Vancouver is typically mild during the spring and summer and damp during the autumn and winter, and unlike other mountainous areas of British Columbia, it is not excessively cold or snowy (“Hello BC”, n.d.).
There are numerous stages that take place simultaneously in the hydrologic cycle and this includes evaporation. This is when the water alters from a liquid state into a gas. The damp air from the water rises into the atmosphere and when it cools, the vapor condenses and shapes into clouds. But those billows are not the only form the vapors make; it can also materialize as dew, fog and mist, which blanket the Earth, characteristically on a rainy or humid day. Evaporation takes place when water changes from a liquid state into a gaseous state, and ascents out of the pores of the earth and into the atmosphere as a vapor (“How”). While evaporation is taking place, condensation is also occurring. When the temperature in the air plunges, the clouds become heavy and as a result they relieve themselves of the extra weight, which is called precipitation. This produces rain, hail, snow and sleet, conditioned upon the temperate. As the precipitation falls, it enters the surface of the ground and percolates into the soil, which is called infiltration. The more porous the land is, the more the infiltration can take place. However, the ground cannot hold all of that water and floods. The excess rainfall, which is also called runoff that has not been absorbed makes its way into bodies of water, such as small ponds, rivers, lakes and parts of the ocean (“Summary”).
Hurricanes form over the ocean. Easterly waves, what hurricanes develop from, are long, narrow regions of low pressure which occur in ocean winds called trade winds. At first, these easterly waves can grow into something called, a tropical depression. A tropical depression occurs when winds are up to 31 mph. Then tropical depressions can be upgraded into a tropical storm if the winds reach speeds of 74 mph or less. Then finally a the storm can be bumped up into a hurricane if the winds reach 75 mph.
Livestock in this region include cattle, pigs, poultry, etc. There are also vegetables such as wheat, barley, oats, flax, canola, mustard, potatoes, corn, and sugar beets. In the Interior Plains, during winter it is cold and lasts long. In summer, it is hot and lasts short. Winters in the Interior Plains can go as cold as -30°C and summers can be as hot as 30°C. The reason why it can get very cold in winters is that this region is near a cold ocean current. Interior Plains get the least precipitation in comparison to the other regions of Canada. This is because the westerly winds travel in the direction of west to east and the majority of the Interior Plains region is on the leeward side of the mountain. When moist air is forced to rise, it causes precipitation on the windward side. However, after the precipitation on the windward side occurs, there is only a little moisture in the air on the leeward side. This causes low precipitation on the leeward side of a mountain, where most of the Interior Plains are, especially south-western areas. Approximately, the amount of precipitation in this region is between 300mm and 500mm. South-west Interior Plains is the driest area of the region. On average, there
The warming of the air brings with it a change in weather patterns across the globe. This change in weather patterns will include an increase in weather extremes such as, storms and drought. The type of extreme depends on a specific region with drought expected to increase in the dry tropics and with the frequency of tropical storms and rainfall expected to increase in the wet tropics.
Behind the front air is cold and dry, ahead of the front the air is usually warm and moist. The cold, dry (cP) air mass behind a cold front
For a hurricane to form, the ocean temperature must be warmer than twenty-six degrees Celsius, or eighty degrees Fahrenheit. Also, the air near the oceans surface must be filled with moisture. The seawater that is warmed by the heat from the sun evaporates to form vast storm clouds. As the warm air rises, the cooler air replaces it thus creating a wind. The rotation of the earth bends the wind inward causing it to rotate and spiral upward with a great amount of force. Around the Equator, the spin is the fastest. There, it can be faster than six hundred miles per hour.
A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low-pressure system producing high winds that spiral counter-clockwise (in the northern hemisphere) and inward, with the highest winds near the center of circulation. The large counter-clockwise and inward flow is characteristic of the nearly symmetric structure of tropical cyclones as they are comprised of rain bands spiraling toward the center. These warm-core storms typically form over the tropical and subtropical oceans and extract their energy from the heat content of the oceans.
Normal weather patterns are when low atmospheric pressure is over northern Australia and Indonesia, and when high atmospheric pressure is over the Pacific Ocean. Winds move east to west over the Pacific. The east flows of the trade winds carries the warm surface waters to the west, and bring rainstorms to Indonesia and northern Australia. To the coast of Ecuador and Peru, warm surface water is pulled west, and the cold water beneath pulls up to replace it. This is called an upwelling.
a change in the water cycle. Some places may experience more rain. Warmer temperatures will
Climate change is caused due to the release of few carbon compounds into the atmosphere, which drastically brought the weather changes all over the world. Climate change is not confined to a single region. It has become an important issue all over the world for the past few years.