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How did the world of chemical engineering start, what's the history of chemical engineering? Chemical engineering started with a man named George Davis who is credited with the concept of unit operations. Unit operations is analyzing the process of plants, such as water, petroleum, and petrochemical. They studied and made a process to move around and mix chemicals. Unit operations is the same concept of what we now know as chemical engineering. Davis was given the credit, but in 1977 a professor of chemical engineering reported that in 1880, Davis overheard a chemical manufacturer say something about chemical engineering. Although this was never proven, its still considered Davis’s idea. Chemical engineering is also the reason that the United …show more content…
The major sugar plantations in the north and south were long processed that took hard backbreaking work. A slave life would be taken for about every 2 tons of sugar(Hong Wai, 2016 pg.40). The chemical engineers changed the the process to make it shorter and less work for humans. Juice was taken out of the cane by crushing it in a three-roller mill, driven by mules or steam engines. Wooden gutters would take the juice to the house where it entered a series of flat-bottomed kettles. There the juice was repetitively boiled until it made a thick syrup. The improvements to make the process shorter helped make less backbreaking work and a more efficient …show more content…
Chemical engineers can work on many things and can impact our everyday lives. The future can hold many new opportunities for chemical engineers and can change the world. One opportunity for chemical engineers in the future is a space fuel processor. There will be companies competing and making space travel more common and the flight time will get longer, flights could start lasting days or even weeks. This would allow travel to distant planets or space stations. Chemical engineers are searching for a new source for fuel, which could be bio-refineries, hydrogen cells, or fusion technology. The source of fuel has a huge role in space travel.
Chemical engineers could also hold an important key in vertical farms. Vertical farms is a concept that is being talked about. Vertical farms will supposably increase the production rate of food.The farm would be stacked up like a tower or in the ground and would use hydroponically fed crops and artificial lightning. Chemical engineers are there to prevent any environmental damage that might come
Slave labor is the final factor that drove the sugar trade and made it so successful. Slaves were the manual laborers on the plantations, doing the actual harvesting and boiling because the owner wasn’t there to do so (Document 8). Without the slaves working the farm, everything was pretty much useless. There is also a direct correlation between the number of slaves and the tons of sugar produced. This is shown in Document 9, where the island of Jamaica starts out with 45,000 slaves, and produces 4,782 tons of sugar. When the number of slaves increases by less than half to 74,500, the amount of sugar produced is more than tripled at 15, 972 tons. This clearly exhibits how slaves were essential to sugar
Geographically, sugar made its way around the world rather rapidly once it first left Indonesia. Sugar cane was first found in New Guinea around 8000 BC. One of the most significant causes that came out of sugar production was the Atlantic Slave Trade. “The vast majority of the African captives transported across the Atlantic, some 80 percent or more, ended up in Brazil and the Caribbean (Strayer 568).”
Sugar plantations have a field where sugar cane stalks are cut and grown and then there are boiling house where sugar cane stalks are crushed and boiled which is all runned by slave labor. Because slaves planted the cane stalks, harvested sugar stalks, crushed them, and boiled the sugar stalks sugar was made(8). According to David richardson the slave Trade, Sugar, and British Economic growth, “An Average purchase price of adult male slave on west African coast in 1748 was 14£ and in 1768 was 16£”(9a).Because slaves were so cheap slave traders may profit by, selling adult male slaves to sugar plantation owners for twice as much as they bought them in Africa. John Campbell Candid and Impartial Considerations on the Nature of the Sugar Trade describes the slaves as “so necessary Negro slaves purchased in Africa by English merchants”(11). Because africa trade slaves to English merchants Africans got things they did not
The first reason the sugar plantation was difficult for workers is because it says in source 1 that the people working were only getting paid $3 a month. Besides the fact of them getting paid only $3, they were
Maple sugar was used as an alternative to cane sugar in the 17th and 18th century. Abolitionists who wanted to protest cane sugar's reliance on slave labor promoted the change. Nevertheless, cane sugar would surpass maple sugar as America's main sugar in the middle of the 19th century. Refinements to the maple syrup processing method were made around this time as well. Producers started to use evaporators to shorten the time it took to process sap into maple syrup and then into maple sugar.
Needless to say, when he reported this prospect back to Spain, they were excited (McNeil para.6). Though Spain and Portugal had islands off the coast of Africa where they had established plantations to grow sugar, they were looking to expand (Boyer para. 4). On his second voyage, he brought sugarcane with him to Hispaniola. At first, Spanish sugar production in the New World did not go well. Native Americans were being used as the source of labor, but the poor conditions and epidemics of disease caused them to die out quickly (Crouthamel para 2-3). The Spanish were more focused on finding gold than managing sugar plantations, and they lacked the efficient mills needed to profitably produce sugar. In 1515, Gonzalo de Vellosa, a sugar planter, was encouraged by sugar growers from the Canary Islands to import a better sugar mill to the New World. Powered by animals, this mill had two rollers that crushed the sugar cane. This allowed Spain to produce sugar more efficiently. Because they could now produce sugar, the Spanish needed to find a solution to their labor problem. Since the native people had died in such large numbers, the Spanish turned to African slaves (Boyer para.5). Sugar plantations were some of the largest ever with hundreds of slaves. In fact, the African slave trade grew so large that by 1888, 9.5 million Africans were slaves in the Americas (Crouthamel para.3). These plantations were single crop plantations, meaning they only produced sugar, and since they had very few labor costs, they were very profitable. This plantation system set the standard for the tobacco and cotton plantations that came later (Boyer para.1). This plantation system allowed for the production of sugar to become a very inexpensive process, which allowed sugar to become widely available and affordable to millions. Sugar became a European
While sugar has become one of the most common commodities in the world, the labor-intensive process of making sugar is often forgotten. With the crop dating back to 8000 B.C., its historical presence is evident, although the industry in the Caribbean did not truly begin until the early 1500s. In between that time, different types of sugar cane were tested, yet plantations continued to return to Saccharum officinarum, which was the same strand domesticated in New Guinea in 8000 B.C. Through the use of heating and cooling sugar cane, sugar is produced by isolating sucrose from the plant itself, as well as the by-product of molasses, which is the point at which the sucrose cannot be crystallized any further (Mintz, 23). The process may be long
The slaves that work on sugar plantations had hard physically demanding jobs, which resulted in short life spans. Additionally, many slaves died from the numerous diseases present in the Caribbean. Because of the brutality of slavery and short life spans in the Caribbean, new slaves had to be constantly imported. The sugar plantation system was set up in a way to maximize profit. This involved dedicating all available farmland to producing and refining sugar.
I have always been inspired by the workings of chemistry and mathematics. My studies of these subjects have developed my understanding and have made me pursue my interest in these two topics. I want to take up chemistry as it involves a large amount of mathematics which I value and understand to be challenging, yet very enjoyable, as there is always an alternative route to obtain the answer. Additionally, I am drawn to the course because it is a mixture of all these exacting subjects, forming a degree that is very demanding and stimulating. Chemists are constantly thinking of new ways to produce viable drugs containing different isomers to improve the pharmaceutical sector using mathematical equations. Chemistry is about innovation, applying information to new areas and how to do things better than they were before, the degree appeals to and fascinates me.
The various processes and concepts involved in industries responsible for the production of innumerable day to day goods have always captured my fascination. The production and processing of chemicals form the crux of such industries. What started as a fascination has turned into a passion, and the next step in this journey is why i am aspiring towards a Master of Science degree in CHEMICAL ENGINEERING at PENN ENGINEERING specializing in {Specialization}.
...ree careers make sure that every day activities do not lead to the degradation of the environment. For these reasons, it is clear that chemistry is beneficial to the way of mankind.
Ever since I began studying science and mathematics at all levels of educations I have always had an interest in the production of useful materials. In the growing turmoil of today; a world full of global warming and diminishing resources, questions often arise in my mind such as, "can we make a more efficient, more durable and a renewable resource that will overshadow fossil fuels? and have less of an impact on our environment?" Up to now, I have not found a solution to these questions and answering these questions is a personal aspiration of mine which I aim to fulfil by achieving a degree in Chemical engineering and eventually I will contribute to the field in my own unique way. The debate surrounding sustainable energy fascinates me, having recently learned from personal research I have understood what an authoritative role chemists and chemical engineers play in the industry at the present time and how, by working as a team, they contribute to an improved future for the whole world. However, one of the main reasons that has single-mindedly driven me this far to want to study chemical engineering is a book I have read, “Beyond the Molecular Frontier: Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering” While reading this book, I had solidified my understandings of what chemical engineering is all about. Also, one of the main processes mentioned was polymerisation and is something I already study in A-level chemistry, it is something that not only interests me, but is a personal career aspiration of mine. Reading this book gave me a determination to be the person who helps improve the future of the industry and provide an answer to the questions I always ask myself by studying this degree.
My father, being a chemical engineer, inspired in me an innate desire to be a chemical engineer myself. I appeared for the All India Engineering Entrance Exam (AIEEE) and was placed in the top 1% of the 1,100,000 students who had taken the exam. I chose Chemical Engineering as my undergraduate major at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur which provided me the opportunity to explore the breadth of chemical engineering. While the core courses provided the fundamentals of the field, the electives that I chose helped me gain an insight into the various facets of chemical engineering.
Like all engineers, architectural engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between scientific discoveries and commercial applications. Engineers design products, machinery to build those products, factories in which those products are made, and the systems that ensure the quality of the product and efficiency of the workforce and manufacturing process. Engineers design, plan, and supervise the construction of buildings, highways, and transit systems. They develop new materials that both improve the performance of products and help implement advances in technology. Engineering knowledge is applied to improving many things, including the quality of health care, the safety of food products, and the efficient operation of financial systems.
Having a degree in chemistry opens the door to a wide array of careers. These jobs include chemical engineer, analytical chemist, and pharmacologist. The job that has me most interested is a Chemical Engineer. These top of the line engineers turn raw materials into useful products. They can make petrochemicals,