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History,causes and effect of boko haram insurgency
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Essay
To what extent can Boko Haram be considered a terrorist or freedom fighter group?
Boko Haram a Nigerian terrorist organisation, that protests against western education in Northern Nigeria and venturing into many other North African countries. It is considered to be a freedom fighter group by only the most extreme of Muslims, as they believe that Western Culture is a sin. The International Criminal Court established in Netherlands has accused Boko Haram of acts against humanity. Could what Boko Haram be doing be ‘legal’ in terms of their religion, they are extreme Muslims and are firm in their beliefs. Islam is a very powerful religion and is controlled by Allah (god). Doing what Boko Haram has done, for them it feels right and they serving the one and only.
Bok Haram was founded in 2001, with the purpose of establishing a pure Islamic state, ruled by Sharia Law. Its goal is to put a stop to Western Culture in Nigeria, Niger and Cameroon. Boko Haram is known for attacking Christians and bombing churches, violent riots, attacking schools and police stations, kidnapping western tourists. The current known leaders are: Abubakar Shekau, Dan Hajia, Abba, Abatcha Flatari, Momodu Bama and Mohammed Yusuf. They have also been linked with Al Qaeda and Ansaru. Boko Haram uses child soldiers some as young as twelve years old, which is a crime against humanity. On November 13 2013, United States of America declared Boko Haram a terrorist organisation. The terrorist group mainly attacks schools teaching English and Western education, they burn the school with the students inside or only kill the teacher
Boko Haram activity, the group targets anything that involves Western civilization. Their attacks on schools often end up with a hig...
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...un fight with Nigerian officials who have been well equipped by their government, because of the growing concern.
Boko Haram has recently been in international news including South Africa. The most recent of attacks was on a church where Attackers armed with heavy ammunition and explosives killed twenty-two people in a northeast Nigerian city. They set off many bombs and fired shots into the masses during the attack on the church in Waga Chakawa in Adamawa, before burning residents houses and taking hostages during a four-hour bloody siege. Boko Haram wants to impose sharia law, and wants to split Nigeria equally between Christians and Muslims, Boko Haram has killed thousands of people over the past four-and-a-half years, and is considered one of the biggest security risk in the largest oil producer in Africa and second largest economy in Africa after South Africa.
Can genocide ever be stopped? For decades the UN (United Nations) has tried to abolish all kinds of genocide; unfortunately, we do not believe in equality as a species, and this perfect utopia seems impossible in our day and age. In 1994, during the genocide in Rwanda (one of the bloodiest genocides of all time) the United Nations tried to make a stand and stop this massacre once and for all. Grievously, the UN’s mission terminated due to the lack of resources; the UN military was forced to watch while the genocide continued(Document A). Genocide has been occurring for decades, anything from clans like the KKK to the extermination of Jews during WW2. Genocides happened to a multitude of minorities, ironically, no one has made a considerable stand to stop them. Generally speaking, the abolishing of genocide seems unattainable in our modern day due to 3 reasons: Lack of media attention, Human innate stubbornness, and abominable people.
On the morning of April 20, 1999, Eric Davis Harris and Dylan Bennet Klebold went into the Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, and went on a rampage killing spree leaving 12 students and 1 teacher dead and over 20 people injured before killing themselves. This crime is known as one of the most deadliest school massacres in the United States history (Pittaro).
For approximately the past three decades, a terrorist group has come to plague the world with its activities (Gunaratna, 2002). This group is known as Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda, when translated means “The Base”. It is a terrorist organization that seeks to remove western influence from the Middle East and spread its radical Islamic views. Al Qaeda’s most prominent leader was Osama bin Laden, until his death during a raid upon his compound in Pakistan. The Al Qaeda’s motivation stems primarily from extreme and deeply rooted religious beliefs. Their most used method of attack is through suicide bombers and improvised explosive devices. This organization has also used chemical warfare and at this time is believed to still actively seek to utilize chemical and biological agents as means to battle.
For the past centuries, the world has endured mass human extinctions and brutal violence from the well-known holocaust to the under recognized Rwanda genocide. According to Dictionary.com, genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. Genocide has been occurring for centuries and centuries and continues to occur in countries such as Syria, Nigeria, Iraq and many more. These recent genocides are mostly occurring at the hands of extremist groups such as Boko Haram and ISIS
“Cultural Genocide is the intentional destruction of the culture of another people, not necessarily including the destruction of actual lives” Canada’s first encounter with the Native Canadians was a dark and brutal period. The Native Canadians, also referred to as Indians, were stripped of their cultures and called to be ashamed for their traditional ways. Indian Residential Schools were a method used by the Canadian government to destruct the ethnicity of the Native Canadians. The crimes committed by Canada are clearly represented by the Residential Schools and the special rights that they have gained today; one can not say the aboriginals have not been a victim to Cultural Genocide, if the accusations of cultural genocide are false, why were they given special rights?
AABs lethal attacks are indicative of a legitimate organization with a lineage of sophisticated jihadi leadership. The organization does not appear to seek the same high-casualty high-impact that became al Qaeda’s signature (Winter, 2011, p. 891). Simultaneously, the group seems unable to cultivate a sizable number of “resistance call units.” (Winter, 2011, p. 891) Notwithstanding, neither is necessary to have significant impact. The Middle East is in a transitional period; by inflaming sectarian tensions, and bolstering insecurity it only takes a small group to act as saboteurs (Winter, 2011, p. 891). Until attacks cease or cells are disrupted, AAB will be a relevant terrorist organization.
In this section, I will provide a brief history of U.S. military involvement on the African continent, starting with the Barbary Wars and working up through the current date. This historical documentation will highlight the change in the role the United States has played in Africa [post 9-11???]. Prior to 9-11, the United States’ interactions were mainly [capture summary here]. Since [?], however, the continent has faced a marked increase in violent extremism and terrorism leading the United States to partner with many African nations in counterterrorism initiatives. These, and other initiatives, mean an increasing number U.S. service members are deploying to Africa to take part in training, humanitarian issues and military operations. These military activities are run by United States African Command, a recently created combatant command.
The Rwandan Genocide “It is our responsibility to empower the powerless while giving voice to the voiceless” -(Irwin Cotler “Six Lessons from the Rwandan Genocide”) When the Rwandan Hutu majority betrayed the Tutsi minority, a destructive mass murdering broke out where neighbor turned on neighbor and teachers killed their students; this was the start of a genocide. In this paper I will tell you about the horrors the people of Rwanda had to face while genocide destroyed their homes, and I will also tell you about the mental trauma they still face today. Hutu and Tutsi Origins When Rwanda was first settled, the people there raised cattle, the ones with the most cattle were considered “Tutsi” and everyone else was ‘Hutu”.
The acts of violence that were performed by rebels in Africa were horrific. Adults and children were murdered, mutilated, tortured, and raped. The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in Sierra Leone performed despicable acts of cutting off a people's body parts with machetes to instill fear in the community. If you were working in the diamond mines and not performing up to the standards of the rebels you would lose a body part as punishment. Rebels would continue to do this from one village to another in order “to take control of the mines in the area” (Hoyt). It is estimated that in Sierra Leone that over 20,000 people suffered mutilation. The acts that the rebels performed to these innocent victims was clearly a violation to their human rights. The RUF collected 125 million a year to fund their war on the government and the people of Sierra Leone.
The victims will continue to live in fear and hatred for those that want to destroy them and their land.
...at shocked me through all these articles is how there weren’t a single positive story about Nigeria. I had to get to the third page before I found something that was “kind of positive” about Nigeria. These definitely illustrate what the speaker was saying about single stories. Also 8 out of 10 stories where related to Boko haram. Therefore it won’t be a surprise for me to hear that people believe that Boko haram is the daily cup of tea. I didn’t really found anything that was directly related to the chapter because most of the stories were about BOKO haram crisis. The only thing that I found related to the chapter was how the Biafra war that has opposed the three major’s ethnics groups: Yoruba, Igbo and Hausas is still reflecting on the actual Nigerian crisis. In the north were these crisis are occurring, only certain ethnic groups or religious groups are attacked.
Rwandan Genocide The history of Rwanda is very interesting. Rwanda is located in East Africa, in East Africa people are not treated as equal. Today, eastern Africa is way different from how it is now. Back in the 1996s the Africans faced many problems.
Extremism manifests itself dangerously in the Islam religion (Palmer, Monte, and Princess Palmer, 37). The Muslim religion has some laws and believes that no one should question their design, origin or application. Good people should punish immoral people in Islam religion without showing mercy to them. In Islam, human beings have no right to offer forgiveness to others that can easily lead to and create peace to oneself in the society. The unforgiving nature makes human rights groups in many ways try to change and support governments that try to overthrow Muslim extremist governments. Such an approach creates a war never ending between the Muslim governments and other governments that fight the extremist ideals. In East Africa, Somalia presents a case example by observing how the Government is not able to control the ever fighting and dreadful Al-Shabaab. The “Al-Shabaab” is an Arab name for Muslim youth who over the years try to use enforce extremist rulers in governing the country and hence controlling the resources. Muslim fighters and rebels arm themselves with arsenals they use to fight groups that oppose them by killing and torturing them. The al-Shabaab launches attacks that kill people and openly claim responsibility for the losses and the deaths they cause. They also punish members who commit sin using the retrogressive laws of the Quran on the people they label sinners. Other extremist
Post September 11, 2001 the life of a Muslim women living in America changed forever. Islamophobia is the prejudice against Islam or Muslims. Islamophobia is not a new concept, it has roots hundreds of years ago, however after 9/11 it became much more prevalent in America. Following 9/11 Western media used Islam and Muslim women who covered to inflict fear in American citizens. Western media framed Islam as a dangerous and hateful religion that needed to be stopped. At the same time the media became obsessed with Muslim women who veiled and wanted to save these women from their oppression. However, these articles written about the oppressed Muslim women did not feature Muslim women and their experiences veiling. They were not given a voice
As of now, there’s not a lot being done to stop the Brotherhood, and the only thing that North Africa is doing is changing their laws to be able to execute even more of them. If nothing is done on either side, then more and more people on both sides of the dispute are going to be brutally killed or injured. The Muslim Brotherhood is a growing problem that seems to be getting out of control. What makes this even scarier is that the members of the Brotherhood, who are in charge of the attacks, believe they are serving Islam in a good way and doing the right thing, even if the end result is simply too many unjustified casualties.