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Short summary paper on reconstruction
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Slaves were imported and used on big plantations during the Civil War. After a four year battle, President Lincoln set free hundreds of thousands of uneducated slaves. Lincoln then set out a plan to educate as many slaves as possible from free classes, but after he died, the racist vice president decided to twist things as much as possible by instituting black codes. What are the black codes and how were they used?
For my main source, I used a website called United States History in the section, The Black Codes. I think it’s credible because it says basically the same ideas about how blacks were treated during the Reconstruction Era, but with a bit more depth and detail about the laws only for blacks and a lot of information about what people’s views were back then. Unfortunately, I couldn’t find who it was written by, or who published it, but the website also took me to a lot of other websites that had good information, like other good articles on “Radical Republicans.”
In 1865, Congress reinforced what was
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Former plantation owners “let” them rent out a piece of their property, but because the renters had no money, they had to pay the former plantation owners with a share of the crops they grew. Often, the owner would take most of their crops so the renters barely got any money from selling. Some of the Black Codes forced former slaves to sign contracts, making them to work for long hours for small wages, while some even required them to work on chain gangs in the fields in the plantations that they just came from.
Over all, the Black Codes were formed by the all white government because they felt like the blacks should still be at the bottom of society, and as close to what the South had before (slavery) as possible. People were angry they still had to follow the amendments that were placed by Lincoln before he was dead. The Black Codes were used to keep black people in their
The Black Codes were legal statutes and constitutional amendments enacted by the ex Confederate states following the Civil War that sought to restrict the liberties of newly free slaves, to ensure a supply of inexpensive agricultural labor, and maintain a white dominated hierachy. (paragraph 1) In southern states, prior to the Civil War they enacted Slave Codes to regulate the institution of slavery. And northern non-slave holding states enacted laws to limit the black political power and social mobility. (paragraph 2) Black Codes were adopted after the Civil War and borrowed points from the antebellum slave laws as well as laws in the northern states used to regulate free blacks.
Slavery in America was a terrible thing, but no one knows about the laws that went along with slavery called slave codes. Slave codes were laws that were designated by each southern slave state (including Delaware even though it is considered a northern state) that were to be followed by slaves and their owners. Slave codes were closely associated with black codes. Black codes were in place for the free black people living in America, which was after the abolishment of slavery in 1865. Slave codes were laws that were inhumane and were in favor of the white slave owners. Slave codes were also the foundation of the Jim Crow laws of the south which furthered the oppression of black people.
The ex-slaves after the Civil War didn’t have a place to settle or money. They had no skills other than farming to procure jobs, so they couldn’t earn money. Freedmen’s Bureau provided shelter, resources, education, and taught necessary skills to get jobs (Jordan 386). Though the issue of slavery was solved, racism continues and Southerners that stayed after the war passed Black Codes which subverted the ideas of freedom including the actions of state legislatures (Hakim 19). Black Codes were a set of laws that discriminated against blacks and limited their freedom (Jordan 388).
Former slave owners needed a way to get cheap labor, and the black population needed farmable land, labor, and money. This conflict resulted in a practice called sharecropping, sharecropping is a system where black laborers would rent farm land from former owners in exchange for a certain amount of crops at the end of the year: a swindling process that would be detrimental to the black farming community. Sharecropping increased the black community’s reliance on their former owner’s farm land, and this harmed the southern economy greatly: sharecropping made the south rely more on cotton and agriculture just as the price of these goods was decreasing further harming the economy. While the black community gained individual freedom from their owners in their daily lives they still had to repay at the end of the year, this was hard to do considering the cost of seeds, tools, and food for yourself. Sharecropping increased dependency in all the wrong places on all the wrong things, free slaves needed new land and independence from their former owners and sharecropping did the exact opposite.
Many blacks would rent land from their former masters, thus keeping them indebted to the white landowners. Henry Black recounts his days as a slave as well as a sharecropper in Henry Black & the Federal Writer’s Project. (Doc. F) He tells of rules still
slaves were classified as actual property that could be bought, sold, traded or inherited. This meant that family could and were often separated from each other (makes one wonder about the pathological generational effect this has had and continues to play a part on the psyche of African Americans). Two, it is my belief that most people do not consider the fact that, after the civil war, many African Americans were forced to continue to work as slaves due to the peonage laws in the United States at the time. Then the new wave of laws made specifically for African Americans – Black Codes, Pig laws, Loitering laws caused an influx of chain gang slaves who were forced work in mines, on roads and steel mills for no pay, oftentimes till death. Still others were forced to work as share-croppers on their former master’s land. When they would try to leave the land (upon realizing there was no money in it), they would be brought back by force and be subjected to horse whippings, beatings and lynching. Three, I also learned about historically black colleges and universities institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the African-American community (because the overwhelming majority of predominantly white
During the 1800s, the succeeding era following the American Civil War was sought to be a period of prosperity, privilege and freedom for those affected by the calamitous war and preceding period of oppression. This era of reconstruction made a genuine effort to; Readmit Confederate States to Union, establish and defend the rights to newly-freed African Americans, and integrate them into the United State's social, economic and political operations. However, the reality of this adverse situation was that southern, democratic radicals would institute new laws known as "Black Codes" (OI) which would set a nationwide precedent that they would go as far as they needed to maintain their confederate way of life. Other southern radicals had also created White Supremacy Organizations to combat opposing Republicans and freedmen. The severity of the situation synergized with Confederate hate established the grounds in which the efforts of Reconstruction ultimately failed.
In this book Woods does a fantastic job a summarizing the history of slaves in South Carolina in a very detailed way. Woods’ objective when writing this book was how could he intersect his interest in colonial history with black history. Wood’s wanted to shine a light on slaves during this time and give insight to what really happened from a black slaves perspective. Woods focused on how the population of Negroes in colonial South Carolina grew so quickly. Black slaves were preferred over European or Indian slaves because they already had many skills that allowed them to excel in raising livestock and growing rice. Black slaves were also immune to malaria and yellow fever, which was killing Indians and Europeans left and right.
The Barbados Slave Code was law passed in the Caribbean island of Barbados to provide something of a basis for slavery. The codes were written to benefit both slaves and their owners but it is apparent that the slaves were not benefitting from them in the slightest. The reality is that the only “benefit” the slaves received was a set of clothing for that year. The treatment of slaves was dependent on their master or owner. The codes stated that, “it shall be lawfull for all Masters, Overseers, and other Persons whatsoever, to apprehend and take up
After the Civil War, in 1865, the southern plantation owners were left with minimal labor. They were bitter over the outcome of the war and wanted to keep African Americans under their control. Black Codes were unique to the southern states, and each state had their own variation of them. In general, the codes compelled the freedmen to work. Any unemployed black could be arrested and charged with vagrancy. The ones that did work had hours, duties, and types of jobs dictated to them. Codes were also developed to restrict blacks from becoming successful. They discouraged owning and selling property, and raising and selling their own crops. Blacks were often prohibited from entering town without written permission from a white employer. A black found after 10 p.m. without a note could be arrested. Permission was even required from a black’s employer to live in a town! Section 5 of the Mississippi Black Codes states that every second January, blacks must show proof of residence and employment. If they live in town, a note from the mayor must b...
After the 13th amendment was passed, there was a severe shortage of workers on plantations and they needed help. The black codes were partially created because of economic worries of not having labor in the south. They helped reconstruction because it ensured that wealthy southern landowners would have a cheap and steady workforce they needed, because some of the codes forced African Americans to sign contracts that required them to work for meager wages. The government was also scared that the freed slaves would try to get revenge on their owners. The black codes helped regain control and inhibit the freedoms over the freed slaves, prevent black uprisings, ensure the continued and steady supply of cheap labor, and maintain segregation and white supremacy. Also, without the black codes, many amendments granting African Americans equal rights wouldn’t have been passed. The black codes forced congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th amendment. The northerners reaction to black codes helped produce radical reconstruction and the 14th and 15th
Reconstruction was intended to give African-Americans the chance for a new and better life. Many of them stayed with their old masters after being freed, while others left in search of opportunity through education as well as land ownership. However this was not exactly an easy task. There were many things standing in their way, chiefly white supremacists and the laws and restrictions they placed upon African-Americans. Beginning with the 'black codes' established by President Johnson's reconstruction plan, blacks were required to have a curfew as well as carry identification. Labor contracts established under Johnson's Reconstruction even bound the 'freedmen' to their respective plantations. A few years later, another set of laws known as the 'Jim Crow' laws directly undermined the status of blacks by placing unfair restrictions on everything from voting rights all the way to the segregation of water fountains. Besides these restrictions, the blacks had to deal with the Democratic Party whose northern wing even denounced racial equality. As a result of democratic hostility and the Republican Party's support of Black suffrage, freedmen greatly supported the Republican Party.
Servitude is a usual part of African ritual. Tribes would often use trade to obtain slaves by going to the head chief and trading for livestock. Not only did various tribes trade with the people of their countries, but with the Europeans of other nationalities as well. There were times that tribes would go to war and keep chiefs and prisoners of war were kept as slaves, to trade with European countries. Many times slaves were sold due to being punished, or to rape and other various crimes. Some were also forced into life of captivity. It was common for young individuals to be kidnapped and taken to a home of a common family to work and serve them. Many owners would treat their slaves fairly. The masters would own a piece of property and have an apartment for their own personal family along with a home for the enslaved family. Equiano talks about how many slaves owned their own slaves in some cases. If a family was wealthy enough, they would accommodate their property, meaning the slaves. They were a part of the owner’s family and were as brutally treated comparing to slaves of the Colonial U.S.
Slaves desired freedom, and were seeking equal civil and political rights. Blacks had many privileges after war, such as the right to vote, hold office and attend school. Despite the privileges they had, the state legislatures began to pass the “Black Codes”,which were restricted laws that limited the opportunities of blacks in the South. The whites did not react well to the ending of Civil war / Reconstruction. They felt as if everything they had were taken away from them. Many families grieved the loss of loved ones and the destruction of property. Racial hatred still remained and there were various things they did to try to protect their white supremacist
According to Wood and Walbert, “Following the rebellion, whites throughout the South were determined to prevent any further slave insurrections, and they tightened the already harsh slave codes to keep African Americans, slave and free, in a subservient position.” Wood and Walbert write “In the aftermath of the rebellion, the state legislature of Virginia considered abolishing slavery, but instead voted to tighten the laws restricting blacks’ freedom in hopes of preventing any further insurrection.” It starts to get really bad so North Carolina passed legislation to limit the rights of slaves and free blacks. According to Wood and Walbert, “The legislature made it illegal for slaves to preach, to be “insolent” to white people, to carry a gun, to hunt in the woods, to cohabitate with a free black or white person, to own any type of