Black Status: Post Civil War America After the emancipation of slaves in 1862, the status of African-Americans in post civil war America up until the beginning of the twentieth century did not go through a great deal of change. Much legislation was passed to help blacks in this period. The Civil Rights act of 1875 prohibited segregation in public facilities and various government amendments gave African-Americans even more guaranteed rights. Even with this government legislation, the newly dubbed 'freedmen' were still discriminated against by most people and, ironically, they were soon to be restricted and segregated once again under government rulings in important court cases of the era. Reconstruction was intended to give African-Americans the chance for a new and better life. Many of them stayed with their old masters after being freed, while others left in search of opportunity through education as well as land ownership. However this was not exactly an easy task. There were many things standing in their way, chiefly white supremacists and the laws and restrictions they placed upon African-Americans. Beginning with the 'black codes' established by President Johnson's reconstruction plan, blacks were required to have a curfew as well as carry identification. Labor contracts established under Johnson's Reconstruction even bound the 'freedmen' to their respective plantations. A few years later, another set of laws known as the 'Jim Crow' laws directly undermined the status of blacks by placing unfair restrictions on everything from voting rights all the way to the segregation of water fountains. Besides these restrictions, the blacks had to deal with the Democratic Party whose northern wing even denounced racial equality. As a result of democratic hostility and the Republican Party's support of Black suffrage, freedmen greatly supported the Republican Party. As a result of the failure of Johnson's Reconstruction, Congress proposed its own plan. The 14th amendment was one of the many things implemented under this plan. Among other things, this amendment forbade ex-Confederate leaders from holding political office, and gave freedmen their citizenship. The Southern rejection of this amendment, largely as a result of the actions of their former Confederate leaders then in state office, paved the way for the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This dismantled all Southern governments and established military control over the South. It guaranteed freedmen the right to vote under new state constitutions, and required the Southern states to ratify the 14th amendment. With the inclusion of African-American votes in southern elections, and with the help of Northerners known as "Carpet Baggers" and other white Southerners known as "Scalawags," the Republican Party gained almost complete control over the American South.
There was more or less no assistance of any kind given to the Chinese migrants, as immigration was rather a haphazard affair in the 19th century (especially to an isolated young country like Australia) and the level of racism encountered by Chinese prospectors on arrival made goldmining and making a living in Australia even harder.
Volcanoes are one of the most disastrous yet captivating geological land forms on earth. Many volcanic eruptions are catastrophic, but not all volcanic eruptions are as brutal. The two case studies I have chosen to compare and contrast are the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption with the eruption of Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano which is still active today.
It resulted in the mass migration coming into Australia from European and Asian countries. China was one of the countries with highest number of immigrants. According to Crissman, Beattie, and Selby (1985, p. 181) the Chinese came starting from the discovery of gold in South-Eastern Colonies. There were notes and records indicating approximately 200,000 Chinese immigrants during the gold rush period (Crissman, 1991). Dreaming for a better life and hope of accumulating wealth in Australia, these immigrants left their families back in China. They have to cross the sea by boat and they have to survive the journey for several months before finally reached their destination. Zumerchik and Danver (2010) said that many of these Chinese migrants were attacked by pirates on their journey. While pirates’ attack was one problem, health condition was another. They have to survive often with the lack of food causing them to have poor health conditions. Watters (2002, p. 331) noted that there were Chinese immigrant on board who suffered severe food deprivations due to them surviving only with an empty stomach for months. Therefore, Chinese immigrants journey to Australia was never easy and full of
As Macbeth becomes less dependent on his wife, she loses more control. She loses control of her husband, but mostly, of herself, proving her vacillating truth. Lady Macbeth’s character gradually disintegrates through a false portrayal of unyielding strength, an unsteady control of her husband and shifting involvement with supernatural powers.Throughout the duration of play Lady Macbeth’s truly decrepit and vulnerable nature is revealed. Lady Macbeth has been the iron fist and authority icon for Macbeth, yet deep down, she never carried such traits to begin with. This duality in Lady Macbeth’s character plays a huge role in planting the seed for Macbeth’s downfall and eventual demise.
Prior to the Civil War, African Americans were treated as second class individuals. They lacked the freedom and equality they sought for. To the African Americans, the Civil War was a war of liberation. Contrary to what African Americans perceived, Southerners viewed the war as an episode of their journey to salvation. Southern lands may have been destroyed and depleted, but the South was persistent that their racial order would not be disrupted. To most, the goals of the Reconstruction era were to fully restore the Union, and to some, grant emancipation and liberty to former slaves. Although the newly freedmen gained various rights and liberties, their naïve dreams of complete equality and liberation collapsed due to the immense resistance of the South.
This may not be the biggest volcano but this volcano changed history with its biggest eruption in history in the 19th Century. This volcano is Mount Tambora, Mount tambora with its biggest eruption in 1815 April 5. Since that day there has been smaller eruptions its now 9,354 ft high it lost some of the top from the eruption in 1815 April 5. Before everything happened Mount
The Gold Rush had brought many people into the country. The population trebled between 1850 and 1861. In 1852 alone, 370,000 immigrants arrived in Australia taking the population from around 300,000 to 700,000. As a result, conflict between different races emerged. The worst affected being the Chinese. The Chinese had always been the outcast on the diggings, the reason being that the Chinese had different ways to the British. But this is what made Australia known for its multiculturalism and high immigration
Despite being able to survive the eruption much of the flora and fauna could not survive the new environment. However, some were able to tolerate the new conditions and these were the organisms that allowed the way for new cosu mers. For all these new organisms in the area the ponds and springs created by the eruption became a vital
During the Reconstruction period, the political power of freedmen changed quite often. The most obvious example would be the 14th and 15th amendments passed by the governments. The 15th amendment gave black men the right to vote but this amendment was later undermined by other other policies, mainly in the south. The people in the South didn’t want to give blacks the right to vote so they did everything they could to prevent it. They first created a poll tax which required everyone who wanted to vote to pay $2. They wanted to make it too expensive for black people, who at the time made about $50 a year so they hard a hard time affording the tax. The Southerners then created the literacy test which required voters to take a test proving that they could read. Most black people couldn’t read at all because they didn’t have a good education system. Some black people paid the tax and pass the test which didn’t make the Southerners happy so they created the Grandfather Clause which didn’t allow people to vote if their father or grandfather couldn’t vote before 1867. This completely stopped any black person from voting because the 15th amendment was only passed in 1870 so now no black people were allowed to vote. The 14th amendment gave protection to freedmen with equal rights. This was misinterpreted and ending up hurting the freedmen. This can be shown with the Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme court
Media Bias may be considered either a serious problem or no problem at all. Some may feel that it is the Journalists responsibility to assure that no bias makes it into the news and that they should be as objective as possible. However, there are those who argue that journalists should not be expected to be as objective as possible because it is not realistic to believe that it can be accomplished. Then there is the argument to revive the Fairness Doctrine, or to keep it abolished forever for fear that the freedom of speech will be threatened if it is brought back to life. The media is an entity of its own. It is controlled and operated by a few people. The journalists under them willingly reflect the beliefs of their bosses into their works in order to keep their jobs. The harm in all of this depends on the influence it has on each individual.
There was an earthquake before the eruption, that is what set off the volcano. The volcano erupted because there was high density in the earth, the higher density there is, the more likely a volcano is to erupt. When the volcano erupted, it was a really powerful explosion. The volcanic ash left everyone dead who got touched by it, leaving 15-30 feet of ash after the eruption happened.(39 )
During the early 1850s to the late 1990s, Chinese workers started migrating to the U.S in search of the American Dream. The Chinese were the first Asian immigrants to come to the U.S, they first started migrating to the U.S because of the turbulence caused by the opium war. Then more started migrating because of the gold rush. The vast majority of them traveled far and encountered dangerous journeys along their way. In order to escape tyranny, discover wealth during the California gold rush, and provide a better life for their families. More than half of the Chinese that arrived to the U.S resided in San Francisco. Due to the gold rush 25,000 Chinese where in and out of California by 1851.
I. Introduction Volcano: defined is a mountain or hill formed by the accumulation of materials erupted through one or more openings (called volcanic vents) in the earth's surface. The term volcano can also refer to the vents themselves. Most volcanoes have steep sides, but some can be gently sloping mountains or even flat tablelands, plateaus, or plains. The volcanoes above sea level are the best known, but the vast majority of the world's volcanoes lie beneath the sea, formed along the global oceanic ridge systems that crisscross the deep ocean floor. According to the Smithsonian Institution, 1511 above-sea volcanoes have been active during the past 10,000 years, 539 of them erupting one or more times during written history. On average, 50 to 60 above-sea volcanoes worldwide are active in any given year; about half of these are continuations of eruptions from previous years, and the rest are new. Mount St. Helen Volcanic eruptions in populated regions are a significant threat to people, property, and agriculture. The danger is mostly from fast-moving, hot flows of explosively erupted materials, falling ash, and highly destructive lava flows and volcanic debris flows. In addition, explosive eruptions, even from volcanoes in unpopulated regions, can eject ash high into the atmosphere, creating drifting volcanic ash clouds that pose a serious hazard to airplanes. II. Volcano Formation All volcanoes are formed by the accumulation of magma which is molten rock that forms below the earth's surface. Magma can erupt through one or more volcanic vents, which can be a single opening, a cluster of openings, or a long crack, called a fissure vent. It forms deep within the earth, generally within the upper part of the mantle which is one of the layers of the earth's crust, or less commonly, within the base of the earth's crust. High temperatures and pressures are needed to form magma. The solid mantle or crustal rock must be melted under conditions typically reached at depths of 50 to 60 mi. (80 to 100 km) below the earth's surface. Once tiny droplets of magma are formed, they begin to rise because the magma is less dense than the solid rock surrounding it. The processes that cause the magma to rise are poorly understood, but it generally moves upward toward lower pressure regions, squeezing into spaces between minerals within the soli...
From politics to weather, anyone who works for news media knows that they have to be unbiased on the information they report to millions of Americans. As citizens with little free time,we have no choice but to trust what information is given in newspapers, radios and televisions. However, only 4 out of every 10 Americans say they truly believe what their news channel televise, a historical low in America. News channels, especially in the big corporations, are being corrupted with prejudice information, imbalance of news coverage, and distorted stories.
The elimination of media bias is pretty much impossible due to the fact that large corporations head the media, and the heads of most large corporations are white men, but by the implementation of certain strategies it would be a move in the right direction. Media bias is a problem, though it may not be blatant, it is serious because it could be helping to form people?s beliefs about others. People are scared of the unknown, and by giving them a certain portrayal of someone they have had no interaction with; it can have detrimental effects. Who knows actually what impact media bias has had on the nation as a whole. How do we know whether or not media bias has made an individual not get or even lose a job? How do we know how many friendships media bias has stopped from even being initiated? Hopefully one day we will be able to recognize what media bias is, only then will we be able to begin the process of fighting to put an end to it. Only then will we be able to create a fair, unbiased media that is diverse and one that encompasses the ideas of an ideal media.