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Essay on gender issues in mathematics education
Why are there so few women in mathematics
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Equity in the Classroom
The concerns regarding equity issues in math and science may seem minimal, but in reality are very large. Usually unintentionally, teachers pay more attention, and give more positive attention to boys in their classrooms. This is especially noticed in the areas of math and science. “Girls are equal to or ahead of boys in achievement” (Sadker, 1993, p. 67) in the early stages of schooling. So why do boys seem to do so much better in math and science in the later school years? Perhaps it is not that boys are just smarter than girls are. Studies have shown that teachers give boys more attention in the early and crucial years because they fear that the boys will fall behind in their school subjects, and that boys are more daring--more willing to take a risk and answer a question, even though it may be wrong.
Sadker, Sadker, and Stulberg (1993) pointed out that there are four basic teacher reactions: praise, criticism, remediation, and acceptance. Teachers also direct these reactions to certain students. Most often, boys are given praise and remediation. This gives boys better self-esteem, plus they are learning how to fix their mistakes. Girls are given criticism and acceptance. Acceptance is classified as okay or good. Acceptance is much different than praise, because praise is much more in depth. Girls get accustomed to hearing that their work is okay and they do not ever expect to do any better than okay. Therefore, girls have less confidence when it comes to school subjects, especially math and science.
So how does one create an equal atmosphere in their classroom? Sadker (1993) suggests that teachers desegregate their classrooms, move to several places around the classroom to t...
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...ne might think that more women might strive to get one, and actually earn one. These statistics make it clear that teachers need to encourage their students to do well in math and science. Girls need to realize that they can excel in their studies and really achieve the possible that is made to seem impossible.
Works Cited
a. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory Website (NCREL). (accessed on: 3/6/2001). Increase participation in mathematics. http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/math/am1partc.htm.
b. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory Website (NCREL). (accessed on: 3/6/2001). Disproportionate number of women, nimorities, and the poor. http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/math/ma1dspr.htm.
Sadker, M. & Sadker, D. & Stulberg, L. (1993). Fair and Square? Instructor, 3/93, 44-46 & 67-68.
He discusses the differences between boys’ and girls’ behavior in academics, “girls suppress ambition, boys inflate it” (432). Kimmel believes that girls do better in some academic areas, and males do better in others. He provides a logical explanation for rising test scores of girls compared to boys. Kimmel states, “Girls are more likely to undervalue their abilities, especially in the more traditionally “masculine” educational arenas such as math and science. Only the most able and most secure girls take courses in those fields.
Sadker, Myra, David Sadker, and Susan Klein. "The Issue of Gender in Elementary and Secondary Education." Review of Research in Education 17 (1991): 269. JSTOR. Web. 14 Mar. 2012.
Carol Gerber Allred (Allred, 2008) describes strategies for improving classroom climate related to learning for the students, while enforcing a set of classroom expectations, informing students of their positive actions, infusing intrinsic motivation, encouraging positive behavior, connecting with students’ families and community, and being positive yourself (Allred, 2008). These strategies align with the attributes described in indicator 1a to foster respect for diversity, establish rapport, promote risk-taking and establish high
The United Kingdom did a survey in 2003 where the objective was to identify gender issues in the academic performances of boys and girls during classroom laboratories. This study was done on adolescent children that explored the idea of what would be said about girls and boys who stated that they did or did not like science. The conclusion was predicted with the group of imaginary girls and boys. That is participants were to mark traits of girls and boys in their class that they did not know. Girls who liked science were found less feminine than girls who disliked science (Breakwell, Glynis; Robertson, Toby. 449). Oddly enough girls and boys who scored themselves did not give ratings that girls that liked science were considered less feminine. However, boys rated boys who disliked science more feminine. It appears that boys are pres...
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Employment, Inc is committed to a policy, as stated by the Federal Employment Equity, of achieving equality in the workplace so that no person is denied employment opportunities, pay or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability. Employment, Inc is therefore committed to equal employment opportunities, as stated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for all applicants and employees without regard to age, race, color, religion, national origin, sex, physical or mental disability or any other unlawful grounds. In order to ensure an equitable workplace, Employment, Inc abides by a number of objectives as required by law. These objectives consist of::Workforce Survey - a collection of data on existing employees and determine those that fall into one of the designated categories.
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The job of a teacher is never easy but we have seen how cooperative discipline and enabling students to feel capable, connected and contributing can improve classroom management and maybe even our own moods. If we create an environment of mutual respect and give our students legitimate power of voice and choice in the classroom we will see positive results in improved student behavior and student achievement. Because when our students believe that they can succeed, they will.
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Students are more focused and therefore have better test scores in single-sex classrooms. Although stereotypes are formed because of separating genders, a study in the 2009 British Educational Research Journal concluded that in single-sex classrooms, girls achieve more in math and science while boys achieve more in English (Kwong). Stereotypes have been developed early on of what girls and boys are more proficient at. Naturally girls are better at English; boys, math and science (compound sentence: elliptical construction). Single-sex classes encourage girls to pursue more in science and math and boys in English because it takes away gender stereotypes. If a boy and a girl are in the same science class working together, the girl becomes the scribe to write down data while the boy is doing the experiment (Kwong). Math and scien...
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