The effects of temperature in enzymes ABSTRACT This report explains enzymes and how their activity can change depending on different factors. We explored this by breaking the experiment into two parts; in the first half we measured peroxidase activity at the different given temperatures and the second half we repeated this but let it sit at room temperature before measuring in the spectrophotometer again. The results showed that temperature does affect the ability of peroxidase. The effects were not reversible. (Enzyme Lab Handout) INTRODUCTION An Enzyme is a biological catalyst, a protein, and is used for many different reactions. Enzymes all have specific shapes that allow them to do different jobs, their shape determines their ability. The …show more content…
Step one of the cycle is the active site, in the active site a particular substrate is permitted to bind to the enzyme, the second step is cofactors or coenzymes that change shape to help it to fit into the active site, the third step is the enzyme-substrate complex when a substrate and an enzyme bind together, and the fourth and final step is where products are released and ready for more reactions. (Enzyme Lab Handout) Our experiment is to find the optimum temperature for Peroxidase, and then see what temperatures the enzyme can be exposed to and if they can recover or not recover normal activity. The purpose of this is to show that enzymes from different organisms may function best at different …show more content…
In order to do this we had to get peroxidase, to obtain it we extracted about 5-7g of potato tissue by blending it with 50 ml of 0.2 M peroxidase; We labeled four 50 ml beakers: peroxidase;; 10 mM H20 2 (substrate); and 25 mM guaiacol (McGraw-Hill Education 2016)which is the dye, so we can see the color change. Then filled each about half full with the appropriate solution. Next we labeled four pipettes to correspond correctly with the beakers. In the first part we determined the effect of temperature on peroxidase activity. To do this activity we measured the temperature after placing the pipettes in 4 degrees Celsius in the ice bath, 22 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Celsius, and 60 degrees Celsius, at room temperature. Then we checked it every 15 minutes and recorded the data onto one chart. In the second part we repeat the same procedure, but this time we let the solutions return to room temperature which was 60 degrees Celsius after being exposed to each of these temperatures for 15 minutes. We then took them out and let them sit for 15 minutes and measured the activity and recorded the data on the second data chart. The instrument used to measure the activity changes was the spectrophotometer, we recorded the data every twenty seconds. The class all put their data together and found the slope at the different temperatures and at recovery. (McGraw-Hill Education
First, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder. This water was then poured into the styrofoam cup that will be used to gather the hot water later. The water level was then marked using a pen on the inside of the cup. The water was then dumped out, and the cup was dried. Next, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder, and the fish tank thermometer was placed in the water. Once the temperature was stabilizing in the graduated cylinder, the marked styrofoam cup was filled to the mark with hot water. Quickly, the temperature of the regular water was recorded immediately before it was poured into the styrofoam cup. The regular/hot water was mixed for a couple seconds, and the fish tank thermometer was then submerged into the water. After approximately 30 seconds, the temperature of the mixture leveled out, and was recorded. This was repeated three
The results of this experiment showed a specific pattern. As the temperature increased, the absorbance recorded by the spectrophotometer increased indicating that the activity of peroxidase enzyme has increased.At 4C the absorbance was low indicating a low peroxidase activity or reaction rate. At 23C the absorbance increased indicating an increase in peroxidase activity. At 32C the absorbance reached its maximum indicating that peroxidase activity reached its highest value and so 32 C could be considered as the optimum temperature of peroxidase enzyme. Yet as the temperature increased up to 60C, the absorbance decreased greatly indicating that peroxidase activity has decreased. This happened because at low temperature such as 4 C the kinetic energy of both enzyme and substrate molecules was low so they moved very slowly, collided less frequently and formed less enzyme-substrate complexes and so little or no products. Yet, at 23 C, as the temperature increased, enzyme and substrate molecules
For example, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and temperature could all be factors that affected the chemical reactions in our experiment. The concentration of substrate, in this case, would not have an affect on how the bovine liver catalase and the yeast would react. The reason why is because in both instances, the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) concentration was 1.5%. Therefore, the hydrogen peroxide would saturate the enzyme and produce the maximum rate of the chemical reaction. The other factor that could affect the rate of reaction is enzyme concentration. Evidently, higher concentrations of catalase in the bovine liver produced faster reactions, and the opposite occurs for lower concentrations of catalase. More enzymes in the catalase solution would collide with the hydrogen peroxide substrate. However, the yeast would react slower than the 400 U/mL solution, but faster than the 40 U/mL. Based on this evidence, I would conclude that the yeast has a higher enzyme concentration than 40 U/mL, but lower than 400
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
The shape of the molecules is changing and so the enzyme molecules can no longer fit into the gaps in the substrate that they need to and therefore the enzymes have de – natured and can no longer function as they are supposed to and cannot do their job correctly. Changing the temperature: Five different temperatures could be investigated. Water baths were used to maintain a constant temperature. Water baths were set up at 40 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees (Celsius). Room temperature investigations were also carried out (20 degrees).
The optimum temperature for peroxidase activity, 23°C, was determined by taking the highest rate of absorbance of the four temperature reactions
I think this will happen due to collision theory. The collision theory is based on the principle that for a reaction to occur the reacting molecules must collide with each other with enough energy to react. The higher the temperature the more energy the molecules will have and the faster they will move, increasing the number of collisions and the chance that the collisions will lead to a reaction. In terms of enzymes, we are trying to get the substrate to collide with the enzyme and for the enzyme-catalysed reaction to take place. Again, the higher the temperature the more likely there will be effective collisions.
The main aim of the investigation was to find out if temperature has a long term effect on the rate of catalase activity in plant tissue.
Even though the data from Lab 1 says that the ideal temperature for enzyme reaction rate is 12 degrees celsius, our data was false. The optimal temperature is actual 37 degrees celsius, close to the average body temperature. Also the ideal pH level for enzyme activity is close to 7, just like in Lab 2 where the quickest time for enzyme reaction was for pH level 7. Overall, maintaining homeostasis, or a ideal environment for enzyme activity is very important for simple and complex reactions to occur in the body that keep us
In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature.
If the reaction time of catalase is related to the temperature of its substrate, when the temperature of hydrogen peroxide reaches to 35-40˚C, the reaction of the catalase will be the fastest which means it consumes the least amount of time for the reaction. The independent variable in this experiment is the temperature of hydrogen peroxide solutions since temperature is the variable that is changed by the scientist.
Reactions tubes were created; there was a total of 10 reaction tubes. Each tube was filled with 2.0ml of a buffer solution with the recorded pH level including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, then 2.0ml of potato extract which acted as the enzyme catalase for the cause of the experiment, at this point in time 2.0ml of hydrogen peroxide was added to the reaction tube. As the hydrogen peroxide was added to the tube a rubber stopper was placed into the tube. At the end of the stopper was a gas production tube, this tube was then submerged into a beaker full of water. Within this beaker contained the graduated cylinder full of water.
Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. Enzymes contain an active site that allows the substrate to bind to the enzyme and form the enzyme substrate complex and then release the products. An enzymes main function is to increase the rate of chemical reactions. There are many different types of enzymes, each containing a specific set of optimal temperatures. These temperatures represent the set of conditions at which the enzyme works best in. Enzymes are used in our everyday lives in order to break things down, for example starch. Fungal and bacterial amylases are the two enzymes tested in this experiment to see their ability to break down starch. To determine how temperature affects
I know that the more common enzymes work. best at around 37.c as this is our natural body temperature. If this temperature begins to rise, the reactions slow down, this will continue. to happen until the enzyme is denatured. It becomes denatured at around 60.c, this happens because the enzyme becomes misshapen.
Aim This experiment attempts to investigate how the temperature change affects the Activity of Catalase Enzyme (rate of reaction). Research Question What is the effect of temperature on the activity of catalase enzyme? Background Information Enzymes are protein which acts as catalysts throughout a biochemical reaction to help increase enzyme activity (rate of reaction). That different types of enzymes played vital role in the human body in carrying out corresponding functions, such as digestion.