1. Introduction: Background High Speed 2 (HS2) is a proposed high speed train between London and the west Midlands. The project was established in January 2009 by a company set up by the government to consider the construction of a high speed railway in UK. This train will be able to travel up to 400 kph by year 2020. High speed trains have been successfully introduced in countries like Germany, France and Spain (hs2, 2011). The construction of the high-speed railway would reduce journey times from London to Birmingham to 49 minutes and from London to Manchester and Leeds to 80 minutes. According to the Government, Britain’s railways are struggling to cope with the huge increase number of passengers that British railways have experienced for the last years (dft, 2011). High-speed railways need straight lines in order to maintain their speed. According to the Government, there are not viable routes for the high-speed railway between London and the West Midlands that do not cross, at some point, the Chilterns. However they assert that the train will make full use of tunnels through the Chilterns in order to minimize impacts (dft, 2011). Nevertheless, as we will see in the next section, the full use of tunnels does not mean that it would not have environmental impacts in the Chilterns. There are several aspects to classify its environmental impact on The Chilterns: Biodiversity and ecosystem, noise pollution, carbon emission and the structural landscape (wendoverhs2, 2011).The ministers must take a decision to proceed with this project, which, for the moment is highly controversial. 2. Delimitation The focus of this assessment is outlining the nature of the proposed high speed railway and its environmental impact on the C... ... middle of paper ... ...0111: About the Chilterns. Available: http://www.chilternsaonb.org/about-chilterns.html (Accessed: 28 November 2011). - The Chilterns, 20112: Chalk Streams. Available: http://www.chilternsaonb.org/about-chilterns/chalk-streams.html (Accessed: 28 November 2011). - The Chilterns, 20113: Statement of Environmental Impact on the Chilterns AONB. Available: http://www.chilternsaonb.org/uploads/files/high_speed_2/statement-of-environmental-impact-on-the-chilterns-aonb.pdf - The Chiltern Society, 2011: Concerns Arising from the Geology and Hydrology of the ground underlying the High Speed (HS2) routes through the Chilterns. Available: http://www.chilternsociety.org.uk/hs2/paper02.php (Accessed: 1 December 2011). - Wendoverhs2, 2011: High Speed Rail Briefing Number 1. Available:http://www.wendoverhs2.org/documents/WHS2_environment_090111.pdf (Accessed: 26 November 2011).
When time came to build the transcontinental railroads, the government had given about 150 millions of acres of land for the railroad development, which would greatly influence transporta...
In order to detail the rise of railroads throughout this era of technological boom, it is important to understand the Industrial Revolution, which was the start of this success; it paved the way for major changes in the modern society we live in today. This is the period between the 18th and 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportatio...
...g I can use for my final paper when I include evidence about the environmental impacts of the trains on the city. I also liked this source because of how it talks about these organizations competing to bring more money into the city, which shows that they are positively impacting Chicago's economy.
submitted on Wednesday, 27 September 2017, 12:55 AMmodified on Wednesday, 27 September 2017, 12:57 AM
Shehzad, B. (2012). International Environment, Room 013, Block 16, Middlesex University Dubai. (5th April, 2012)
"An Ocean Of Trash." Scholastic Action 33.12 (2010): 16. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
Acid rain either falls directly onto the lake or enters through the catchment (Buchdahl). A very small percentage enters directly so the majority enters through the catchment. The alkaline rich catchments can neutralize the rain. However, not all types of bedrock have the same capability of neu...
Raven, Peter H., Linda R. Berg, and David M. Hassenzahl. "Wiley: Environment, 6th Edition." Wiley: Home. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. .
Theorin, B. (1999, January 14). Report on the environment, security and foreign policy (Hughes procedure) - Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy - A4-0005/1999. European Parliament. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A4-1999-0005+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN
Our oceans take a large beating every day by the extremely large amount of pollution humans produce. Our society easily dumps their waste into the oceans to dispose of the excessive amount of garbage, sewage, and chemicals, but this small and simple solution is creating an even bigger problem. The way humans dispose of their wastes is causing the death of our beloved marine life. Not only are we killing off our animals, our food source, and our resources, we are also minimizing our usable water. By having a better understanding of the problem on the severe dumping, it will be easier to find ways to help minimize the pollution that is going into the ocean.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) entails a multifaceted appraisement of the possible aftermath caused by a project or action on the surrounding man-made and natural environment (Wood, 2003). This systematic process requires the involvement of all interested stakeholders in the process and the public, in order to achieve a widespread consent on the planned project and mitigation strategies proposed [European Commission (EC), 2014].
Though there was over 350 miles of railway laid throughout England in 1801, there was no commercially viable railway implemented before the 1830's. Some rails were still made of wood, others iron and the first trains traveled at the pace of 3.5 miles per hour, significantly slower than the horse drawn coach which traveled at a speed of 9-10 miles per hour. According to Jack Simmons in his book, The Railway in England and Wales, 1840-1914, the Manchester-Liverpool line is notable to mention because it did three things no other railway to date had: 1) all traction was mechanical for the first time; 2) the Company carried both passengers and freight; and 3) the linkage of two commercial towns was exceptional. The concept that a man could leave his town to conduct business in another town and be back in his own home the same day was unheard of. People found this aspect of the railway very enticing. Simmons writes, "There was no doubt at the time about the...
What are the pollutants involved? 4. What are the consequences? Write in detail consequences on the Environment, on local people and the economy of the country. 5.
Research from the University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography said that species in the ocean consume a projected 12,000 to 24,000 tons of plastic every year in the Pacific Ocean (Nall, 2014). Pollution of recyclable materials in the oceans is one of the leading causes of why some marine species are nearing extinction. Many authors of articles and books analyzing this topic tend to agree that pollution of our oceans is a problem. The future of this problem is where their ideas tend to differ. The following four literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support my belief that pollution is getting worse in the ocean and more marine life ecosystems are being affected, but there are things that we as humans can do to change this. Imagine a world where we didn’t have to constantly worry about the vicious cycle of humans affecting animals and then animals in turn affecting us through consumption.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is assessment of impacts on the environment due to proposed activity and finding ways to mitigate the environmental impacts.