Environmental Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency

Shannon, C. R. (2013). Juvenile incarceration and reentry: a photovoice study. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.hodges.idm.oclc.org 2

Casey Shannon shares research on why juvenile recidivism rates continue to increase and several factors that delineate these behaviors. The causation of juvenile criminality is not singular, and many theories exist to explain them.

Several theorists proposed some contributing factors are “learned behavior, disability diagnosis, academic struggles, genetic or biological contributors, and immorality” (Shannon, 2013). Delinquency is a complex topic that seems multidimensional in nature. Determinate causes for juvenile crime is difficult because criminal involvement may not derive from the same contributing

This article explains in-depth how environmental factors affect recidivism in drug, property, and violent crimes, and suggest specific neighborhood features specific influence in crime. The spatial factors theory indicates that mobility, organizational participation, and local friend groups are the best predictor of property crime, and single-parent families and family disruption is the best predictor of violent crime. The youth that is more at risk are those that have criminal pasts, and other factors include race, gender, substance abuse, early childhood behavior, age, mental health, and family problems. This article suggests that social and geographical space should

Juvenile Recidivism

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be studied more to improve risk assessments. The social disorganization theory is the first perspective of this section and suggests socially disorganized neighborhoods lack informal social controls and leads to increased crime rates.

Low socioeconomic areas typically lead to unconventional associations and bonds with dysfunctional individuals. The article also compared the causes for

American

Journal of Community Psychology, 48(1-2), 138-140.

This article explorers the juvenile recidivism rates in California involving gangs and ways to prompt reduction. California has tens of thousands of juveniles each year enter the juvenile justice system and had low success rates on improving the recidivism rates. Many counties have problems with gangs and the problems associated with gangs. They began using evidence-based practices with probation departments to lower recidivism rates. The laws currently in place do not mandate evidence-based practices and the fight to enact them is ongoing. The Office of

Gang and Youth Violence Policy passed in 2007, has helped the local government establish programs within schools and communities to work on the problem. It provides extensive and ongoing training, efficient data collection, organizational changes, and better funding. The organization partnered with three probation agencies and a private foundation to receive adequate funding. The juvenile system has diverted sixty percent of juveniles to programs instead of juvenile detention facilities. They noticed a significant decrease in recidivism rates