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Companies and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Enterprise risk management case study
Companies and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
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The Risk Management Association (RMA) defines Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) as the “capability of an organization to understand, control, and articulate the nature and level of the risks taken in pursuit of a risk adjusted return” (RMA, 2015). RMA’s Enterprise Risk Management framework illustrates that ERM will provide the answers to eight fundamental questions related to risk (see Appendix, Figure 15.13.1).
ERM analyzes internal and external uncertainties faced by all areas of the company, avoiding silos. Unlike previous risk management frameworks, it considers risk management a business strategy applicable to all key decisions (RIMS, 2015).
While ERM may be applied differently across organizations, experts frequently cite two standards.
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Organizations face risk from many angles, including internal and external financial, infrastructure, reputational and marketplace risks (IRM, 2010). Risks with positive impact are known as opportunities, while risks with negative consequences are called hazards (ISO/IEC, 2008). Risk can impact an enterprise at all levels: strategic, tactical (also known as program or project risk) and operational (IRM, 2010).
Proactive risk management allows companies to reduce uncertainty, leading to better business decisions aligned with strategy. Managers can systematically exploit opportunities, and reduce the negative consequences of hazards. ERM provides the insight to answer three simple business questions: “Should we do it? Can we do it? Did we do it?” (RMA, 2015). Additionally, ERM assists in compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley requirements for external reporting, providing the information needed for historical risk reporting and forward-looking risk disclosure (IRM, 2010).
In contrast, companies who do not practice risk management must still ultimately respond to risks. The difference is that they are ambushed by surprises, responding to each individual risk as it occurs (Kendrick, 2009). Over time, ignoring risks often leads to missed opportunities and failure to achieve business objectives. risk management
Enterprise is an internationally known car rental, with more than “7,000 neighboring and airport locations throughout North America and Europe. Enterprise is the largest car rental brand in North America, well-known for its great rates, award-winning customer service and picking up local car rental customers at no extra cost” (About). Enterprise offers great leadership opportunities to its employees and helps them become entrepreneurs. They provide over 1 million job opportunities worldwide, this private company thrives its self in customer service because they thrive on being personable by creating relationships not just transactions
Risk is characterized as an occasion that has a probability of happening, and could have either a positive or negative effect to a project ought to that risk occur. A risk may have at least one causes and, on the off chance that it happens, at least one effects. For example,
In order to become a risk manager you have to get your bachelors first, then follow it with master’s degree in business administration, finance or any similar major. In addition to the bachelor’s degree to become a risk manager should be certified or licensed from a healthcare related organization. A risk manager needs an experience of at least four to five years in either business or finance. Specific personal and computer skills should be developed as well, such as great organizational and communication skills, highly detailed oriented, multitasking, software’s, and spreadsheets.
Align and integrating different views of risk management: ERM can provide a common framework to manage different kinds of risk. It can provide WP management and board a clear view of risks management. The clearer the management understand risks, the more stable WP can be.
Rather, it is centered around comprehension the key risks an organization confronts then going for broke at the best time in the wake of utilizing the most suitable safety measures (Valderrey, 2016). Even in the best of times, in the event that you are to oversee risk successfully, you should make to a great degree decision making ability calls including information and measurements, have an unmistakable feeling of how all the moving parts cooperate, and convey that well. In the most noticeably awful of times, risk management can go into disrepair. Recorded models can come up short, liquidity can become scarce, and relationships can get to be more grounded all of a
Risks management refers to basically identifying possible threats that may hinder achievement of organizational objectives, and taking measures to deal with such threats in advance. Those measures aim at reducing the chances of the risk occurring or being ready to cater for consequences when the risk occurs. Risks present an element of uncertainty to the exposed unit Ashford (2008).
Ultimately, a strong ERM program will allow the organization to manage risk successfully by instilling an ongoing process. The importance of enterprise risk management is to ensure that the program is not managed in individual departments, but rather utilizing a holistic approach. According to Fraser & Simkins, in the text, Enterprise Risk Management, the common result of a stove-pipe approach to risk management is that risks are often managed inconsistently these risk may be effectively managed within an individual business unit to acceptable levels, but the risk treatments or lack thereof selected by the manager may unknowingly create or add to risks for other units within the organization.
Enterprise Risk Management is a strategic plan that includes the whole company. It is designed to identify risks or events which could affect the enterprise, which allows them to assess and fix the problem. This means that each employee is encouraged to be open, candid and fact-based in discussing risk issues, making all relevant facts and information available so the company can consider all possible options and make decisions" (Internal Environment and Objective Setting). Business management and leaders are responsible and held accountable for managing risks that could affect the company as well as their stakeholders.
Risk is a factor of everyday life. From driving a car to work to cooking dinner for the family, there is a certain level of risk associated with most of the daily tasks completed an individual in their daily routine. However, most of the daily risks taken by an individual does not affect their daily routine because the individual understands the risk associated with each task and has a contingency plan, which was developed through life experiences. The same is true for project and program managers.
In 2003, the Casualty Actuarial Society (CAS) defined ERM as the discipline by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances, and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organization's short- and long-term value to its stakeholders. The CAS conceptualized ERM as proceeding across the two dimensions of risk type and risk management processes. The risk types and examples include:
Some include risks at the enterprise level, managing risks in complex projects and dealing with turnarounds and large capital projects. Liu, Zou, & Gong (2013) explore how enterprise risk management (ERM) may influence the ability and performance of project management risk (PRM) by considering the features of the construction industry, its businesses and projects. Managing risks within projects such as these has become an important process to achieve project objectives in terms of the scope, time and cost. The results show that enterprise risk management can positively influence the implementation of project risk management. This can be achieved through implementing a risk focused culture, setting up risk management departments and setting up risk procedures. This will help control the project risk and improve the performance of project risk management. Communicating the concerns with other team members can help identify the risks earlier on rather than later in the development of the project. If the Stakeholders and managers involved are satisfied then the project outline becomes a
The purpose of risk management is to protect an organization’s valuable assets information, hardware, and software. The purpose of risk management process is to identify and manage risks in such a way that a company is able to meet its strategic and financial targets. Risk management is a continuous process, by which the major risks are identified, listed and assessed, the key persons in charge of risk management are appointed and risks are prioritized according to an assessment scale in order to compare the effects and mutual significance of risks. It is very important that the organizations and business to be very well prepared to see what kind of risk we are facing, or the business can suffer in case of a major disaster.
When you first think of risk management you think of having control, problems that may occur, or problems you can prevent from occurring. Risk management is a popular term and is very important when planning for a business. As an accountant, you always want to be very aware and alert. Given the economic landscape of the past years, a company’s business model is challenged constantly by competitors and events that could give rise to substantial risks (Byrnes, Williams, Kamat, & Gopalakrishnan, 2012). Not being aware of the business and risks that may take action can be a major loss for an organization. Most organizations have begun to realize how important it is to a risk management program especially with all the new technology and high turnovers
116). A company’s risk management policy can also be seen as a form of governance (p. 116). Campbell notes that risk management can be seen as a form of governance because risk management assists in giving decision-makers the information needed to allow them to assign the necessary means that best balances the incentives and risks of a questionable future (p. 116). According to Minculete and Olar (2014), risk signifies the concern associated with the existence of an event that, when it takes place it changes the achievement of the company’s objectives (p. 102). Therefore, risk is not something that is guaranteed, however when associated with the company objective, which could have an adverse effect (p.
Risk Management allows us to identify the problems which are unknown during the start of the project but may occurs later. Implementing an efficient risk management plan will ensure the better outcome of the project in terms of cost and time.