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The role and determinants of productivity
Diversity in organization
Diversity in organization
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Task 1
Employee Relations involves the body of work concerned with maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale. Essentially, Employee Relations is concerned with preventing and resolving problems involving individual which arise out of or affect work situations. Heery, E. & Noon, M. (2001)
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Office of Human Relations. (2001). Retrieved on November 15, 2005, from http://ohr.gsfc.nasa.gov/employee_relations/whatis.htm.
Pluralism-
Pluralism is, as Blyton and Turnbull (1998) have observed, far from a homogeneous or unified analytical construct. What unites pluralists, however, is the recognition that there is some underlying social structure that has the potential to create sectional groups and interests within organizations and to bring these groups into conflict with each other as they seek to achieve their separate goals.
Bray, M. and Wailes, N. 1999, ‘Reinterpreting the 1989 Pilots’ Dispute: The Role of Managerial Control and
Labour Productivity’, Labour and Industry, vol. 10, no. 1, August, pp. 79–106.
Norington, B. 1990, Sky Pirates: The Pilots Dispute that Grounded Australia, ABC Books, Sydney.
Unitarism-
The distinguishing feature that characterizes the unitarist ideological perspective towards the study of the employment relationship is the assumption that each work organization is an integrated entity with a common purpose and a shared goal. The employment relationship is based on mutual cooperation and a harmony of interest between employers and employees. There is no fundamental conflict between those who own capital and those who supply their labor; by definition, all are part of the same team.
Task 2-
Trade Unions-
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http://yourpersonalresearchwriter.blogspot.ae/2010/12/unitary-and-pluralist-perspectives-of.html
Task 5:
A unitarist approach implies that workers should have allegiance to only one authority usually management. In my opinion Unitarism is better than pluralism because under unitarism there are less conflicts and no rivalry. There is one party having the power and who stays in control. The employees follow the instructions of the employers. The employers have less power, which causes less coincide with rival sources of leadership. Under this approach, any other allegiances by workers, for example, to a union or other institution, is seen as detracting from their commitment to the employer. This results in less trouble in the company, and a good working environment is maintained. Also under unitarsim managing the employees is easier and convenient for employers.
The Australian Human Rights Commission (2011:p1) states that “Gender equality is a principal that lies at the heart of a fair and productive society”. If gender equality is the heart of a fair and productive society than the laws and regulations in place must be the key in maintaining a fair and productive society. If regulations and laws are not frequently discussed, debated and reviewed than issues such as sex discrimination in particular can be sufficiently dealt with or ignored. The Carter v Linuki Pty t/as Aussie & Anor [2005] NSWADTAP 40 (22 August 2005) will be used to demonstrate the regulations surrounding sexual discrimination. In this paper a thoroughly investigation into the recent changes in laws and regulations encompassing sexual discrimination will be conducted in relation to the case provided. By using the elements of the case the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) (SDA) will be applied to the facts presented in order to explain the regulation surrounding this issue. Since the case involves a work related situation where the employee was discriminated on the basis of gender the SDA will be used. A Brief description on the impact of exclusion will be provided to demonstrate the causal link between exclusion and gender discrimination. Firstly, the case’s elements will now be analysed.
The employer or the management is tasked with the role of developing solutions for these issues. Not only for the organization, but also for the employees or the affected individual. One of the workplace issues that may be encountered in the place of work is the accommodation of people with disabilities.
Eck, Diana L. “What is Pluralism?” The Pluralism Project at Harvard University. Harvard University, 2011. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.
Whilst pluralism and Marxism are said to have developed from liberalism and socialism respectively (through criticising or expanding on those ideologies) thereby both appearing on the left of the left-right economic scale, a great part of their theories are indeed notably different, if not completely in contrast with each other. However, if we look closely at these theories, the one similarity, often overlooked by critics, is the fact that both offer a critique of the state despite the fact that their views are opposing. In order to understand these views of state, it is important to first understand the fundamental views of both pluralism and Marxism. Only then can these views be assessed and finally compared with each other, thereby ascertaining which view is more apt within modern society.
Human resource management (HRM) processes are crucial to the success of an acute care hospital facility. In this paper, I will give insight on how HRM processes have to align with the organizations goals and objectives in order to operate successfully. Hiring, training and benefits are a few of the major roles that human resources control in an organization. Therefore, it is important that human resource managers are abreast of all current policies and procedures.
Dunlop(1958) argues that in the system of industrial relations, there are 3 major components in the system. There are the actors, the context and the common ideology. The actors consist of the employers and their organizations and employees and, if present, the groups that represent them and the state or government agencies. The second major component, the context, is the situation or environment that influences any decision or activity, this is usually technology, market constraints or distribution of power in the wider society. The common ideology, under which the purpose of this essay falls, can be seen as a binding idea or theory which the actors share for the purpose of stability in the system. Under the common ideology component, there are various conflicting theories or frames of reference.
The pluralistic approach accepts the legitimacy of workers forming themselves into trade unions to express their interests, influence management decision and achieve their objectives. The pluralistic approach sees conflicts of interest and disagreements between managers and workers over the distribution of profits as normal and inescapable. The role of managers/management would lean towards enforcing, controlling, persuading and coordinating. Trade unions play an important role in this approach, being that employees can join unions to protect their interests and influence decision making by the management. Trade unions balance the power between management and employees, hence its an important factor in this approach and industrial
The main purpose of Human Resource Management is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employee’s attainment of organizational goals and objective (Youssef, C.). Many areas of HRM have been discussed in this course. Those areas are EEO and Affirmative action, Human resource planning, recruitment, and selection, Human resource development, compensation and benefits, safety and health, and employee and labor relations. All these categories have an impact on how an organization is managed. Although there are many things that impact a business, the most important thing about managing a business is selecting the right people to help the company succeed.
Conflict exists in every organization as a result of incompatible needs, goals, and objectives of two people while aligning to the overall business requirements. Though disagreement is linked with negative impact, the approach has healthy considerations (Leung, 2008). For instance, some conflicts create an avenue for the exchange of ideas and creativity to meet the set organizational purposes. However, damaging disagreement in organizations results in employee dissatisfaction, turnover, and poor services and reduced productivity. The paper establishes different types of interpersonal conflict and key resolution strategies used to address the problem. Human resource managers need to have the capacity to identify different levels of conflicts and the best methods to negate them.
The relationship between employer and employees plays a pivotal role in the performance of the organization. Employers and employees have certain responsibilities towards each other which facilitate a fair and productive workplace. Positive work relationships create a cooperative climate with effort towards the same goals. Conflict, on the other hand, is likely to divert attention away from organizational performance.
Traditional literature in the field of labor relations has focused immensely on its benefit towards the employer and in the process equating it to working rules. This has been so despite the field being expected to cover the process of, labor management, union formation, and collective bargain; all which are anticipated to create a positive employer-employee relationship. This relationship is said to be positive if there exist a balance between employment functions and the rights of the laborer. Also important to note, is that this relation is equally important to the public sector as it is to the private one. Therefore, to ensure a mutually conducive labor environment exists, effective labor management process and inclusive negotiation program should be adopted (Mulve 2006; Walton, 2008).
...04). The theory which in my opinion is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory of industrial relations is the Pluralist theory. This theory has been in pole position in western societies for over thirty years. In today’s environment it is the most realistic theory as it assumes conflict is inevitable and recognizes that both employees and employers will have different objectives unlike the unitarist theories beliefs. It is now recognized that better managed industrial relations programmes and cooperation with trade unions can seriously impact on the prevention of disputes, increase productivity, quality and the motivation of workers within organisations and help to align employee objectives with the organisations objectives.
We will look at the employment relations and employment conflict and analyze this complex topic from different points of theory and practice.
The pluralist approach to industrial relations accepts that conflict is inherent in society and can be accommodated through various institutional arrangements. Pluralism recognizes the existence of more than one ruling principle and allows for different and divergent views from both management and trade unions, achieved through negotiation, concession and compromise. This approach to industrial relations reinforces the value and legitimacy of collective bargaining between management and trade unions as conflict-resolving and rule-making processes. This approach is found in businesses with a large number of employees, such as aa retail store chain or hotel chain.
The three main actors of Dunlop’s System Theory constitute: employers, labor unions, and government. The interaction and relationship between these actors create the set of rules of the workplace that administers the actors in the workplace. These actors cannot act ind...