How and why do we change over the course of our lives? There happens to be many different periods within the human lifespan that shape our development or change. These different periods include: infancy, childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood. These periods all come with their own unique advantages and disadvantages. The different periods within the lifespan have concepts, issues, and theories that help us understand how people develop. Emerging adulthood and middle adulthood although a bit later in life can play a key role in our development. This paper will discuss some advantages and challenges, along with concepts and issues that help to shape this stage in life.
Emerging adulthood refers to the
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The four main parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. These styles depend on the amount of warmth and control a parent displays. Authoritative parents show high levels of warmth and control while authoritarian parents show high levels of control but low level of warmth. Permissive parents are low in control and high in warmth while uninvolved parents show low levels of warmth and control. As discussed by G. Anzures authoritative parents make reasonable age related demands, promote self-regulation, are rational, and value discipline. Authoritarian parents exert strict control, critical of child’s behavior, emotionally rejecting and does not promote autonomy. Permissive parents are noncontrolling and non demanding and show little punishment or exercising of power. Finally uninvolved parents are emotionally cold and are parent-centered rather than child-centered (personal communication, April 17, 2017). These parenting styles affect their children’s resulting behavior. Authoritative children are independent and explorative while authoritarian children are withdrawn and distrustful of others. Permissive children are lacking in self-reliance and self-control while uninvolved children show behavior problems. Some factors that can be attributed to a parent's style of parenting are their emotional adjustment, their marriage, social support, economic stability, and child’s …show more content…
That is Socioeconomic status or SES. Poverty plays a key role in today’s society and the growth of people. Children who live in poverty continuously between 2 and 8 show lower levels of reading achievement and math achievement. By the time children reach adolescence the more time spent below the poverty line are less likely to graduate high school, attend college, and have fewer years of schooling (G. Anzures, personal communication, April 17, 2017). People below the poverty line are not the only ones who face issues, affluent people face issues as well. Compared to people with lower SES, affluent people have a higher rate of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and use of marijuana and other hard drugs. They also experience higher levels of anxiety and depression. Both people in Low and High SES show a lack of interest in school, poor academic performance, substance abuse, and delinquency (G. Anzures, personal communication, April 17,
Ubiquitous throughout history and across cultures is the concept of rich versus poor. Almost all people fall on a spectrum moving from poverty to affluence. A person’s position on this spectrum is labeled by sociologists as their socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status, often abbreviated as SES, is measured by a person’s income, education, and career. Socioeconomic status is a pinnacle factor in a person’s life, affecting their lifestyle, relationships, and even, as with Dick and Perry, criminal potential. Low socioeconomic status has been shown to correlate with chronic stress, education inequality, and a variety of health problems including hypertension,
J. J. Arnett argues his theory about a developmental stage individuals go through of 18-25 year olds as a new concept, (Arnett, 2000, pp. 469). He describes emerging adulthood as being a sustained period of time where this age group, as mentioned previously, explores their roles preceding being an adult. These movements can include events similarly by taking longer than previous years to get married and have children, moving back in with their parents at a point during this age span, exploring self-identities, not feeling like an adult and feelings of self-failure. James E. Cote, who is a previous colleague of Arnett argues the opposite about this concept being an unexperienced developmental stage Arnett calls, “Emerging Adulthood”. Cote states
Permissive style—also known as the indulgent style—dominantly focuses on nurturance, but not as much in regards to control, maturity demands (level of expectations), and communication. Therefore, despite the high tolerance and warmth of the parents, permissive style often results in unfavourable outcomes in a child. Such negative influences are evident throughout children’s development to their adolescence. Adolescents raised by permissive parents tend to do less well
It can be said for most parents that they want their children to grow up to be successful contributing members of society. Being a parent is a difficult, yet rewarding task. But why do some types of parenting result in juvenile delinquency while others find success. There are four generally recognized parenting styles and are categorized: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. This essay will break down the various styles, its type(s) of discipline and effectiveness.
This style of parenting is best described as the child having more control over the parent. There are a lot of parents today that seem to have no control of their child actions and even words. This in which can make the parents question what are they doing wrong when it comes to raising their child. This type of parent have very low demands and are highly responsive, maybe even too responsive to the child’s needs. Although these parents are very loving of their children they do not have many rules that their child should abide by (Cherry, K. 2017, para.1). Not setting ground rules gives the child the freedom to do whatever they want and know that they will not receive a harsh, if any punishment at all. Also, parents who are permissive tend to want to be their child’s best friend. The child in this parent in child relationship tends to have more control than the parent. If there are not any rules in place to be followed the child will eventually resort to negative behaviors, and may even be insure because of the low discipline from their parents (Cherry, K. 2017, para. 9). Permissive parents should give the child rules to follow and discipline them if broken, to ensure that their child follow the right path throughout
The first type of parenting style is called authoritarian. In this parenting style the parents are the boss. They make strict rules and they enforce them. They focus more on restrictions than a loving relationship with their child. They believe it is their job as parents to catch their children being bad and punish them. These parents use external control on their children instead of taking time to tell the kid what they did wrong and why they should not do it again. Something these parents do not realize is that they do not catch their kids being good. Authoritarian parents are firm and unsympathetic. Authoritarian parents love to use discipline.
Emerging adults are always in the search of their own identity while experimenting with their life, love life and career path. Constant changes in emerging adult’s life are common. From changing residential place to love life, work and education, instability often presents during emerging adulthood (Santrock, 2013). In addition, emerging adults tend to place focus on themselves where they have no commitment and responsibilities toward others. This provides them a great chance to exercise their own will and to execute their plans for the future. During emerging adulthood, many feel like as if they do not belong to either adolescents or adult. The transition ends only when they have distinct marks of an adult. According to Arnett (as cited in Santrock, 2014), “emerging adulthood is the age of possibilities” (p. 296). The age of possibilities is when an individual has the opportunity to turn things around in life, especially when they are from a poor family
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
The style of parenting with which children are raised can profoundly affect their social development, as well as their abilities to deal with life situations as adults. Parents who follow the permissive style of parenting have very few rules, no consistent limits, and more often than not give in to their children.. In a permissive family, the children are in charge.
Authoritarian parents, show very little acceptance, have very high expectations of their children and are extremely controlling. These parents are strict, and use a prohibitive and punishment method. According to a research done by Kimberly Kopko from Cornell University, it “reveals that adolescents of authoritarian parents learn that following parental rules and adherence to strict discipline is valued over independent behavior. As a result, adolescents may become rebellious or dependent” (2). The adolescents who come to be rebellious may showcase hostile behaviors, while those who are passive are likely to stay relying on their parents (2).
However, in this type of parenting style, authoritative parents are more responsive to their child, more willing to listen to questions and more forgiving rather than punishing when their child fail to meet expectations. These parents are more supportive, rather than punitive, also, they focus on making their child confident and socially responsible.(Baumrind, 1966). In authoritarian parenting style, children are expected to follow the strict rules and regulation established by the parents. The parents are too demanding and directive but not really responsive towards their children. They are also status-orientated and children are expected to obey their rules without any explanations (Baumrind, 1991). Then, there is the permissive parenting style in which the parents rarely discipline their child because they have low expectations of maturity and self-regulation. Permissive parent is more responsive, non-traditional and lenient towards their child. They are nurturing and very open with their child (Baumrind, 1991). Lastly, neglectful parenting style is those parents who have both low demandingness and responsiveness towards their children. These parents are generally detached from their child’s life and in some cases; they may even reject or neglect their child’s needs (Maccoby & Martin,
Transitioning and progressing through adulthood appears different for each individual. Some people fear the thought of becoming older while others look at it as a natural process and do not think much of it. In order to see what people are like at different stages of life I decided to interview my sister, an emerging adult, and my mother, an adult. Emerging adulthood is the period of time when an adolescent has begun their journey into adulthood. It is usually marked by the ages of eighteen to twenty-five.
According to Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman (2016), “Young adulthood includes the ages from 18 to 30 and is the time following the achievement of full physical growth when people are establishing themselves in the adult world” (p. 471). Although I do feel that the authors did a good job in naming this classification I feel that I would change it to ‘Emerging Adulthood”. I also feel that I would stick with the middle adulthood classification as it does a great job defining the physical changes as well as the intellectual changes within a person. When growing up between the ages of 18 to 30 I really did not know what I wanted to do with my life. I just graduated from school, was going on to college and really had no idea what to expect out of living on my own.
There are four main types of parenting style. This includes (1) authoritative, (2) authoritarian, (3) indulgent, and (4) neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is a type of parenting style which is both demanding and responsive. It is often referred to as assertive democratic primarily because the parents encourage their child to be independent, but at the same time, they tend to place limits as well a...
Diana Bamrind came up with four types of parenting styles. Each style of parenting has been associated with social and academic outcomes within children. Authoritarian Parenting Authoritarian parents have high demands and are very restrictive. There are many assumptions as to what causes someone to become an authoritarian parent.